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Drawing on construal level theory, prior literature has found a positivity bias in online ratings when consumers evaluate an experience from a psychological distance, whether spatial or temporal. Selfdistancing theory posits that psychological distance enables individuals to reflect on psychologically distant negative experiences more genuinely, in a less biased way. This raises the question of whether the positivity bias in ratings due to psychological distance persists for negative experiences. To address this question, we collected data from a large review platform that enables the identification of reviewers' spatial and temporal distance. The negativity of an experience was operationalized via review text sentiment. We introduced spatial and temporal distance as moderators between sentiment negativity and ratings and found a negative moderation by spatial distance and a positive moderation by temporal distance. Our findings indicate that the relationship between sentiment negativity and rating grows stronger under spatial distance and gets weaker under temporal distance. Text mining confirmed selfdistancing as the driver behind the spatial moderation and construal levels as the driver behind the temporal moderation. We attribute the asymmetric moderations to differences in the tangibility of spatial distance (more tangible) and temporal distance (less tangible). These results improve our understanding of reviewing behavior and can help platforms de-bias ratings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inter‐rater reliability (IRR) is one of the commonly used tools for assessing the quality of ratings from multiple raters. However, applicant selection procedures based on ratings from multiple raters usually result in a binary outcome; the applicant is either selected or not. This final outcome is not considered in IRR, which instead focuses on the ratings of the individual subjects or objects. We outline the connection between the ratings' measurement model (used for IRR) and a binary classification framework. We develop a simple way of approximating the probability of correctly selecting the best applicants which allows us to compute error probabilities of the selection procedure (i.e., false positive and false negative rate) or their lower bounds. We draw connections between the IRR and the binary classification metrics, showing that binary classification metrics depend solely on the IRR coefficient and proportion of selected applicants. We assess the performance of the approximation in a simulation study and apply it in an example comparing the reliability of multiple grant peer review selection procedures. We also discuss other possible uses of the explored connections in other contexts, such as educational testing, psychological assessment, and health‐related measurement, and implement the computations in the R package IRR2FPR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adopting experience and best practices for stimulating the development of RES in individual regions that most successfully implement RES-based installations into their energy balance is a necessary element in the development of the energy sector of disadvantaged regions, while a methodology is needed to determine what factors influenced the success of implementation and what criteria should be used to compare and to determine the success of the implementation of RES in the region, however, a generally accepted methodology has not been formed to date. It was proposed to determine the leading regions and disadvantaged regions from the point of view of success in introducing renewable energy sources into the regional energy system based on the success of fulfilling the regional demand. To assess the success of the use and implementation of installations based on renewable energy in the regional energy system, it is necessary to identify parameters that reflect the potential of renewable energy sources, the initial state of energy supply in the region, the costs of construction of the installation, the profit received from the sale of generated energy, and the current state of the regional energy system. Based on the developed technique, the six most energy-intensive regions included in the operating area of the Southern Branch of United Dispatch Control Center of Russian Power System Operator which have renewable energy power plants were analyzed. The chosen indicator was the share of energy resources generated from renewable energy sources in the total amount of energy resources. Based on the results of the analysis, recommendations were drawn for disadvantaged regions. Energy donation for disadvantaged areas is proposed through the production of a universal energy carrier - hydrogen - in prosperous areas. For energy storage, hydrogen cryogenic storage facilities have been considered promising. The standard cryogenic hydrogen tank RSV-1400 was adopted as part of the main element of the hydrogen storage facility. The capacity of such tanks is 1 000 000 L. To transport energy to consumers, the possibilities of transporting hydrogen by cryogenic tankers and hydrogen transport tanks have been considered. In addition, at present there is a fairly large scientific, technical and practical base for the creation of gas and cryogenic liquid hydrogen pipelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the effect of liability ratings on firm value in state-owned companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2018-2022 period. This study used a sample of 20 purposively selected companies. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis with a descriptive approach. The results showed that the rating of liabilities has a positive and significant effect on firm value. This means that the better the company's liability rating, the higher the company's value in the market. The conclusion of this study indicates that the rating of liabilities is an important factor that must be considered by state-owned companies to increase the value of the company in the eyes of investors and other stakeholders. The implication of this study is that companies need to manage liabilities better and ensure higher liability ratings to increase investor confidence and competitiveness in the market. This research also contributes to the financial literature, especially in understanding the role of liability ratings in determining firm value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Describe and evaluate methodological improvements in AMAGuides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (Guides) Sixth Edition 2024, including an updated sequential method and enhanced diagnosis-based impairment tables, compared to the Guides Sixth 2008. Methods: Three physician experts and 3 premedical students, respectively, completed 2 rounds of impairment ratings using the AMA Guides Sixth 2008 versus 2024 methods. Impairment values and completion times using eachmethodwere compared for both groups. Results: Time to complete an impairment rating by experts averaged 3.5 minutes using Guides 2024 compared with 13.9 minutes using Guides 2008, with 100% accuracy and reliability for both. Students' time averaged 5.3 and 15.9 minutes, respectively, with increased accuracy and reliability with Guides 2024. Conclusions: The Guides Sixth 2024 allowed more efficient impairment ratings while retaining accuracy, consistency, reliability, and reproducibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel bridge designers and erectors primarily rely on approximate methods, such as 1D line girder analyses and 2D grid analyses. For curved or skewed bridges, this can give erroneous indications of the structure's true behaviour. Refined methods of analysis, such as 3D shell modelling, aim to bring a significant change in the practice of bridge engineering. By moving the industry away from simplistic design assumptions, refined analysis methods lead to more accurate, less conservative results, which in turn brings true benefits such as improved structural safety and increased economy. In this paper, several case studies on curved plate girder and tub girder bridges are presented, which cover the full bridge life cycle, from erection of the steel structure and placement of the concrete deck, down to live load analyses using influence surfaces and load rating. The case studies will be modelled with mBrace3D, a dedicated FEA software for curved steel bridges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of war and economic instability, social enterprises in Ukraine face numerous challenges, including limited resources and the need for a special approach in the human resources area. These factors make an effective system of employee adaptation crucial for ensuring the stability and sustainable growth of such enterprises. The article aimed to study and analyse the main tools and approaches for assessing the effectiveness of the staff adaptation system in the context of social enterprises. To achieve this goal, the methods of analysis, synthesis and content analysis were used to systematise existing scientific data. The study found that well-organised staff adaptation system helps to reduce staff turnover, increase productivity and engage employees in the social mission of the enterprise. The analysis of scientific works has identified the key factors of successful personnel adaptation under martial law, as well as the main challenges and risks faced by newcomers. The essence of assessing the effectiveness of the adaptation system is revealed, the priority criteria and tools for its evaluation, their advantages and risks are identified. The need for regular assessment of the socio-psychological climate and the level of professional training was justified. The most priority criteria and tools for assessing the effectiveness of the staff adaptation system are highlighted. The objective and subjective results of the assessment are considered, on the basis of which recommendations to improve the adaptation processes in enterprises are developed. The practical value of the study lies in the development of specific recommendations for assessing and optimising adaptation processes in social enterprises, ensuring their stability and success even in conditions of war and limited resources; the results of the study can be used in business opera-tions, particularly in social enterprises of various ownership forms, to improve the efficiency of decisions in the human resources area

The rapid growth of amusement parks in Indonesia has elevated them to significant tourist hubs, prompting a detailed examination of visitor satisfaction within these settings. This study aims to analyze the satisfaction trends among tourists visiting the top 11 amusement parks in Indonesia and assess whether their ratings accurately reflect their satisfaction. Moreover, it investigates the factors influencing satisfaction levels, employing an adjusted rating method to dissect tourists' ratings and compare them with sentiment analysis results derived from provided reviews. While acknowledging the fluctuating performance of these destinations, with most showing signs of improvement, the study highlights that only 5 destinations within the sample exhibit comovement between adjusted ratings and sentiment analysis results. Furthermore, a closer inspection reveals that some destinations have successfully minimized the prevalence of negative sentiments expressed in reviews. However, there is still 1 destination that is of concern because it has decreased customer satisfaction as indicated by a decrease in score and the addition of negative sentiment.

Websites commonly use visual formats to display numerical product ratings. Highlighting the overlooked notion of the "aesthetics" of product ratings, the current research examines how the shape of basic visual rating units (rectangular vs. non-rectangular) influences product preference. Seven experiments (and 23 supplementary experiments; N  =   17,994) demonstrate a visual rounding effect. Specifically, compared to the rectangular rating format (e.g. bar ratings), the non-rectangular rating format (e.g. star ratings) increases product preference when product ratings (e.g. 3.7, 3.8, 3.9) are below the nearest integer. In contrast, the non-rectangular rating format decreases product preference when product ratings (e.g. 4.1, 4.2, 4.3) are above the nearest integer. Occurring for both the overall rating and by-attribute ratings of a product, the visual rounding effect results from a visual completeness restoration process, wherein consumers perceive non-rectangular rating units to be incomplete after vertical cutting. This research contributes to the product rating and visual marketing literatures and provides actionable implications by demonstrating what visual rating format should be adopted based on rating distribution, how the visual rounding effect can be prevented if needed, and who are even more susceptible to the visual rounding effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banking risk management systems are sets of work methods for responsible bank departments, facilitating a positive financial result under conditions of uncertainty. The object of the study is the credit risk of corporate borrowers of commercial banks in the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is credit risk management based on internal ratings of corporate borrowers. The purpose of the work is to analyze the risk management system of commercial banks and develop an internal credit risk management model for corporate borrowers. Research methods: content analysis, analytical and statistical processing of information; methods for assessing cause-and-effect relationships and expert assessments. The relevance of the presented model is due to the regulatory need for commercial banks to switch to internal ratings to assess the risk of lending. The advantages of the model include optimized costs for establishing factor indicators, as well as the valence of selected explanatory variables.

The article provides a mathematic model of assessing the potential of import substitution at big industrial enterprises and in branches of production. The practical use of the model is carried out in conditions of Russian highly technological enterprise passing-over to home material and technical base of components in order to ensure technological independence. Assessment of import substitution potential is based on building the optimum plan of settling the transport task and level of suppliers’ product deficit by goods nomenclature in the optimum plan of settling the open transport task of product completing. The task is studied in view of manufacturing traction electric motors used in producing military equipment as well as products of civil and dual purpose in cooperation with contracting parties (suppliers) of components. In this case concrete variants of completing electric motors can influence both quality and price of the final product. In the mathematic model all components are estimated by cost and rated by usefulness hierarchy. For electric motors the equal contribution of forces to component cost was found.

The article studies a new approach to shaping possible variants of long-term strategies of pulling projects of nuclear legacy out of operation, which is based on optimization with criteria on min costs and restrictions on resources, radioactive risks and duration of the implementation period. The author put forward different variants of criteria and restrictions of strategy of pulling projects of nuclear legacy out of operation. Methods of resolving the task of optimization were studied that are based on principles of dynamic programming and an example of getting a solution was demonstrated. Benefits and drawbacks of the approach were discussed in comparison with accepted in global and Russian practice methods of prioritization of the procedure of pulling projects out of operation. The article analyzed prospects of using the proposed approach for the development of long-term road map aimed at settling problems of nuclear legacy in the Russian Federation.

Aim. To determine the general state of Russia’s high-tech exports in the following areas: the relationship with other sectors of the economy and with the dynamics of GDP, positions on the world stage, relations with partner countries.Tasks. To achieve the aim of the study, the following tasks were set: to consider the dynamics of Russia’s export structure, to explore Russia’s position in the world in high-tech exports, to calculate the time lag of Russia’s lag behind the leading countries in high-tech exports, to analyze Russia’s role in the hightech market of the main partner countries, to explore the structure of Russia’shigh-tech exports in the context of commodity groups.Methods. To determine high-tech exports and imports, the methodology of the World Bank is used, according to which 9 industries (aerospace, computer and office equipment, electronics and telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, electric machines, chemicals, nonelectric machines and weapons), including 79 commodity nomenclatures. At the same time, based on the availability of information, the values for the export of weapons are not taken into account.Results. The analysis of changes in high-tech exports has been carried out, which identifies periods of negative changes that coincide with periods characterized by adverse circumstances in the country and the world (pandemic, geopolitical and geo-economic tensions). When comparing graphs of high-tech exports and GDP, ambiguous results were obtained, taking into account the consideration of high-tech exports in calculating GDP. The time lags of the backlog have been calculated, according to which, in most cases, the values of the leading countries in high-tech exports are achievable, but the time lags themselves are enormous. The commodity spectrum of high-tech exports and imports of the Russia is considered, according to which Russia exports the entire commodity spectrum of the high-tech industry.Conclusions. The dominant role in Russia’s exports is still assigned to fuel and mining products with observed changes in terms of increasing the share of industrial products, including high-tech products, in which Russia, although an active participant, is nevertheless at a disadvantage in interactions with the main partner countries.

In the modern world, a significant role in the development of the innovative economy of the state is played by the training of highly qualified specialists who can produce new innovations and knowledge and build an efficient growing economy, manifested in the growth of the country's GDP. The training of such specialists is the responsibility of higher education institutions, which in today's, mainly Ukrainian, realities are struggling for applicants, which manifests itself in the formation of stakeholders' perceptions of the university, i.e., the formation of its own image. The image of a higher education institution becomes an intangible resource on par with industrial and intellectual property. Today, higher education institutions are moving away from just teaching students and are becoming research centers in Ukraine and the world, working in the format of teaching, research, and commercialization. The reputation and perception of a higher education institution (HEI) by its stakeholders directly depend on its ability to operate effectively and serve as a link between highly qualified specialists and businesses. This creates competition between universities in shaping their own image. Along with traditional determinants, including rankings, it is now necessary to consider new factors that reflect the digital level of representation and communication of higher education institutions in the internet space. For this study, we selected higher education institutions (HEIs) with the highest positions in the Times Higher Education rankings in Ukraine and the countries of the Visegrad Group. These countries were chosen because of their geographical proximity to Ukraine, shared history and borders, and because they were among the last to become members of the European Union, which Ukraine aspires to join. This approach allows for an objective assessment of the image of Ukrainian higher education institutions in the context of Ukraine's European integration aspirations. The methodological toolkit of the study was the entropy method of analysing the performance of the selected HEIs according to the Times Higher Education ranking and key indicators of the dynamics and visibility of their websites. The results obtained for the specific weights of the image subindices indicate a 43% influence of presence on the internet. This study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that digital presence and visibility on the internet are significant factors in forming the image of higher education institutions. This indicates the need to strengthen the digital communications and representation of Ukrainian higher education institutions to improve their image. The research results can be helpful for educational institutions, politicians, and communication specialists who seek to enhance the image of their higher education institutions. The obtained results can be used to develop strategies for improving internet presence and communication practices, which will contribute to a general increase in the rating and prestige of higher education institutions.

Introduction: Mobile applications during pregnancy can help pregnant women improve health care for themselves and their infants. In this regard, using valid and reliable evaluation tools is a good solution. Mobile application rating scale (MARS) is one of the valid tools in English to measure the quality of these programs, whose Persian version was validated in the field of pregnancy in this study. Methods: The cross-sectional study, the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) was translated into Persian and back-translated into English and compared with the original format. In the next step, the Persian version of MARS was used to evaluate 44 Persian mobile applications in the field of pregnancy. Face validity, content validity (CVR, CVI) and criterion validity (convergent and divergent) were calculated by Cronbach's alpha method and evaluators' agreement. Eleven specialists in the field of medical informatics and health information management participated in the content validity stage and two midwifery experts participated in the evaluation stage of midwifery applications. Pearson and intra-class correlation coefficient and student t-test were used in SPSS software (version 25). Results: In the content validity assessment stage, all 23 items were confirmed, and some edits needed to maintain the clarity and simplicity of the items was done. Convergent and divergent validity was confirmed. There was correlation coefficient between the score of the subscales (engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information) with the total score of MARS from 0.85 to 0.92 for the first evaluator and from 0.77 to 0.92 for the second evaluator. There was a positive and significant relationship between the evaluators' opinion in ranking the quality of all subscales of 44 pregnancy apps. Cronbach's alpha for the whole scale was calculated to be 0.93 and 0.91 in two assessments. Conclusion: According to the indicators calculated in this study, Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) is a valid and reliable tool in the field of pregnancy. The results of this study can be used by specialists, designers and evaluators of mobile applications in the field of pregnancy and pregnant women are its main beneficiaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetable oils and animal fats are considered as base materials for the development of biodegradable lubricants. Classification of such materials was carried out using the Ward method based on the Euclidean distance, followed by refinement by the k-means method based on the physico–chemical properties. The selection of a material with the optimal characteristics was carried out using the TOPSIS method. Based on the calculated coefficients of relative closeness to an "ideal" material, a rating of lubricants was built, among which rapeseed oil is of the greatest interest. The comparative tribological characteristics of vegetable oils with the best ratings are presented. It is shown that vegetable oils are not inferior to mineral and synthetic oils. The ranking results can be used in further fundamental and applied research on the development of biodegradable lubricants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to examine the influence of online customer reviews and ratings on purchasing interest with tust as an intervening variable. The population in this research are consumers who use the Shopee application who are domiciled in Yogyakarta. This research was obtained using questionnaire data by conducting direct research by distributing questionnaires using Google Form. The population and sample used in this research were 140 consumers. This research was conducted using Non Probability Sampling using the Purposive Sampling method. The data analysis method used was Linear Regression. The results of this research show that: Online Customer Reviews, ratings and trust have a positive and significant effect on Purchase Interest, this is proven by the same output where the t value > t table. Then Online Customer Reviews and Ratings have a positive and significant effect on Trust, this is proven by the same output where the t table value is. So that Trust results have a significant positive effect on mediating Online Customer Reviews and ratings on Purchase Interest. This result is proven by the Sobel test results which show One-tailed probability values of 0.027 and 0.00, which means 0.027 and 0.00 < 0.05. In this case, online customer reviews and ratings can increase buying interest through trust among shopee consumers in Yogyakarta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the test at the session, the student (extramural student) expands his knowledge and skills. When checking the work performed in the presence of the teacher, the latter, if necessary, can additionally talk with the student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to understand the impact of user reviews and ratings on mobile app download intention and the moderating impact of perceived usefulness on the strength of this relationship. Design/methodology/approach: A scenario-based survey method was selected following the positivism research paradigm. For this purpose, 304 responses were collected using different versions of the same scenario. Findings: The statistical results show that 37.5% of Sri Lankan consumers' mobile app download intention is explained by mobile app ratings and reviews, which have been found to be a significant influencing factor in potential users' intentions to download the app. However, perceived usefulness does not significantly moderate this relationship. Originality: This study is the first attempt to understand the impact of user reviews and ratings on mobile app download intention in the Sri Lankan context. Implications: The findings encourage Sri Lankan mobile app developers and owners to closely monitor and respond to user reviews and ratings to better meet user expectations and improve app ratings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the impact of Debt Rating Mediation on ESG Score and Cost of Corporate Debt in Indonesia for the 2018-2023 Period. This research is included in quantitative research with data collection in the form of secondary data from those available to the public (Indonesia Stock Exchange) and refinitiv. The type of data used is cross section data. The sample in this study amounted to 235 bond data from 22 companies on the IDX issued in 2018-2023. The type of data used is cross section data. The results of the study showed that the performance of ESG scores, debt ratings, status of SOEs, and decarbonization acceleration regulations have an influence on the cost of corporate debt. Then debt ratings fully mediate the relationship between ESG scores and corporate debt costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A system's approach depends on the low malfunction of the equipment and processes of that system, and maintenance plays an essential role in achieving this goal. In addition, over time, the equipment quality decreases, and a quality transfer from controlled to uncontrolled mode may occur, characterized by an increase in the rate of return of the product and the tendency to fail. One of the methods that researchers have widely used in analyzing the risk of net operations is the analysis of the effect and failure modes to identify critical failure modes and focus planning and net resources on them. In analyzing the effect and failure modes, one of the essential steps is prioritizing the equipment to determine the critical equipment, as well as determining the fundamental failure modes and prioritizing them to plan the net operation purposefully. This paper aims to dynamically rank equipment in intuitionistic fuzzy environments with interval values to identify and prioritize critical equipment and present a mathematical model for combining optimization of preventive maintenance intervals and control parameters. For this purpose, a model is presented that calculates the dynamic weights of each piece of equipment according to the conditions of each piece of equipment in the indicators of failure probability, failure consequence, and lack of fault detection power. Therefore, dynamic ranking is provided for the equipment. In this research, for dynamic prioritization of equipment, the method of analysis of the ratio of intuitionistic fuzzy gradual weighting with quantitative values (IVIF-SWARA) was presented. Then, a mathematical model was presented for the identified critical equipment. The proposed model can determine the optimal value of each of the four decision variables, i.e., sample size, inspection rotation time, control limit coefficient, and preventive repair intervals of each of the critical equipment of the Northern Oil Pipeline and Telecommunication Company and the total expected cost of integration per unit. Minimize time. The results show that the proposed model is much more flexible in calculating equipment's weight and dynamic rating and provides more logical rating results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ranking and rating methods for preference data result in a different underlying organization of data that can lead to manifold probabilistic approaches to data modelling. As an alternative to existing approaches, two new flexible probability distributions are discussed as a modelling framework: the Discrete Beta and the Shifted Beta-Binomial. Through the presentation of three real-world examples, we demonstrate the practical utility of these distributions. These illustrative cases show how these novel distributions can effectively address real-world challenges, with a particular focus on data derived from surveys concerning environmental issues. Our analysis highlights the new distributions' capability to capture the inherent structures within preference data, offering valuable insights into the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As customer ratings have become ubiquitous and digital platforms can directly request ratings and tips from customers, it is important to understand how a customer rating influences tipping. The authors investigate whether, how, why, and when the order of rating and tipping affects both consumer behaviors in seven studies, including one quasi-field experiment, one archival data analysis, one randomized field experiment, and four randomized lab experiments. They show that asking customers to rate a service professional before tipping negatively impacts the tip amount but that tipping first does not affect subsequent rating scores. The authors propose that the negative effect of rating on tipping occurs because, when rating a service professional first, customers categorize their feedback as a reward for the service professional, which partially alleviates the felt obligation to tip, resulting in a smaller tip. This negative effect is more evident when customers (1) tip from their own pocket, (2) have higher categorization flexibility, or (3) perceive that the service professional benefits from the rating. Moreover, highlighting the consistency motivation after rating but before tipping can attenuate this effect. These boundary conditions not only support the proposed mechanism and evaluate alternative processes but also have significant practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the research topic is due to the role and importance of the results of the activities of enterprises in the oil and gas sector, which is currently strongly influenced by modern transformational trends, for the development of the national economy. The article analyzes the results of the impact of the green trend, due to the objective need to follow the principles of ESG and respond to the challenges of decarbonization.The purpose of the study is to study the impact of the green agenda and evaluate the effectiveness of ESG investments, as well as substantiate proposals for the implementation of ESG principles in corporate strategies of oil and gas companies.Research objectives: to study the green cases of key Russian oil and gas companies; to evaluate the effectiveness of ESG investments; to formulate proposals that allow companies in the oil and gas sector to integrate more effectively into the ESG agenda.Research methods: systematic approach, logical analysis, synthesis; The empirical method of rating assessment, content analysis of open sources, correlation and regression analysis were used.Results. Despite the improvement of positions in profile ratings, the profitability of ESG investments is unstable, therefore, it is necessary to strengthen work to increase the level of environmental and social responsibility, and the effectiveness of risk management. It is necessary to consolidate at the legislative level the requirements for reporting on sustainable development, which still do not fully comply with international standards in the criteria part. Evaluating the effectiveness of ESG investments is complicated by several problems caused by the use of various approaches to integrating ESG principles and monitoring this process using KPIs, insufficient activity in tracking and disclosing information about the effectiveness of ESG strategies, etc.The main conclusions. The successful and consistent solution of the tasks of green energy transfer allows us to achieve the application of corporate strategy methods and operational efficiency methods for key vectors. There is a high correlation between the indicators of ESG investments and the net profit of oil and gas companies; PJSC Tatneft and PJSC NK Rosneft have the most significant correlation coefficient. It is advisable to develop a document at the level of industry regulators that includes a package of preferences for oil and gas companies implementing the ESG agenda (tax incentives, provision of long-term and cheap financing by infrastructure state banks, accelerated depreciation of capital investments in ESG projects, ensuring stable financing of joint projects in the field of sustainable development of the regions where oil and gas companies are based).

Introduction. School meals are essential for children's health, development and learning. An effective school feeding system is also important for the development of the local economy. Poor quality nutrition leads to children refusing to eat at school, unnecessary food losses, financial and material costs, and deterioration in children’s health. Low satisfaction with children's nutrition in schools shows the ineffectiveness of the school nutrition system and requires a search, study and evaluation of possible measures, one of which is a system of regular feedback on the assessment of nutrition quality from parents and children. The materials and methods used in the work are a review of research results on the impact of school meals on the health and well-being of children and families in need, the impact on the economy; review of the practice of collecting feedback on school nutrition issues in Russia; sociological survey on satisfaction with school meals in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Results and discussion. It has been revealed that recently the role of parents in improving the quality of children's nutrition in schools has been increasing, one of the manifestations of which is the practice of sociological surveys by federal and regional authorities on the topic of satisfaction with school meals. The article presents the method developed by the author for ranking municipalities in terms of satisfaction with school meals, the results of its testing based on data collected during a series of sociological surveys of parents of schoolchildren in the Republic of Bashkortostan on the topic of the quality of school meals in 2022-2023. A trend has been identified to increase satisfaction with school meals in the Republic of Bashkortostan, but it is uneven across the region; and 28% of parents in the region noted that there are no changes, and 5% rated the changes as negative. It is concluded that it is necessary to form a system for monitoring satisfaction with the quality of school meals and its effectiveness for a comparative analysis of municipalities in the region and to identify measures to improve the quality of meals in schools. Thus, based on the results of surveys and a review of experience accumulated in other countries, more active inclusion of children and parents in decision-making on children’s nutrition in schools, collection of data on food waste by suppliers and dishes, and assessment of children’s nutrition directly in schools are justified.

The article analyzes the regional peculiarities of modern Russian science. In the course of the research the works devoted to the training and reproduction of scientific personnel, as well as to improving the quality and efficiency of scientific activity have been studied. The general trends in the scientific personnel formation system have been revealed, and the factors and indicators that influence science development in the regions identified. A comparative analysis of scientific personnel training in Russia and abroad has been carried out, the distinctive and similar characteristics identified. The data on domestic universities publication activity have been presented. In the Russian universities subject rating the Republic of Bashkortostan universities are mainly in the third ten, which indicates the need to strengthen scientific programs financing, increase salaries and improve working conditions for researchers. An important factor in science successful development in the region is creating attractive conditions for young scientists, who play a key role in science and innovations development, as their participation is considered a scientific progress driver. The author emphasizes the importance of strengthening the science development in Russian regions, which requires not only financial investments, but also systemic changes aimed at supporting researchers and creating favorable working conditions.

Introduction. The main objective of the study is to develop economic and mathematical tools for constructing a rating barometer of Russian commercial banks according to the level of sustainability in a long term view using a hierarchical decision-making structure. Theoretical analysis. The method of commercial banks’ integral ranking is based on a system of hierarchical analysis. The methodology is based on ranking indicators and dividing them into subgroups. The priority indicator indicates the ranking vector, two levels of data ranking are performed, and subindices are formed. At the last stage, a convolution into an integral index is performed. The mathematical apparatus of a tree-like solution structure is used; the assumption of the method is the choice of priority indicators based on the principle of a commercial bank’s long-term sustainability. Empirical analysis. An algorithm has been compiled for condensing primary financial reporting indicators into an integral indicator. The methodology was tested on data from Russian commercial banks. Results. A mathematical apparatus is presented that makes it possible to assess the long-term financial stability of commercial banks according to their key indicators, an integral rating of banks is constructed for financial stability and investment attractiveness. The hierarchical rating system of commercial banks developed by the authors characterizes the analyzed banks by the size of the bank’s own funds, capital structure and return on equity.

In order to evaluate the carbon emission intensity of ships operating in the Bohai Sea region of China, the navigation data of bulk carrier, tanker, and other ships were used to analyze the carbon intensity indicator such as energy efficiency operation index (EEOI), energy efficiency performance indicator (EEPI), and annual efficiency ratio (AER). The correlations between carbon intensity indicators and key factors such as ship deadweight ton and speed were conducted as well as the annual carbon intensity rating for bulk carriers and tankers. The results show that the three carbon intensity indicators of bulk carriers are generally at the level of 10 -6, while those of tankers are at the level of 10 -5 . The EEPI and AER of ship operating are in the order of 10 -4, and the EEOI of other ship is at the level of 10 -3 . The carbon emission intensity of bulk carrier is relatively good. The annual rating of bulk carrier and tanker in 2023 was conducted using the AER, with ships above Class C accounting for 80% and 100%, respectively. Using the EEOI and EEPI for evaluation, only 20% of bulk carrier is above Class C, while 50% and 75% of tanker is above Class C. All three indicators of tanker are rated better than those of bulk carrier. Under the current operating condition, the carbon intensity indicator rating of tankers from 2023 to 2026 remains basically above Class C, with good performance in ship rating. However, the proportion of ships that meet Class C requirement for bulk carriers has decreased from 80% to 40%, showing a downward trend. Finally, corresponding carbon reduction measures for ship operation are proposed based on the research results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research invests the impact of ride-hailing driver behavior on the operational performance of drivers in Indonesia. Previous research in Texas, America (Idug, 2023) objectively research the preexisting impacts of a ride-hailing driver's operational performance. The research showed that there is a significant impact of the driver's intention to comply with rules to the rating, acceptance rate and declination rate of the drivers. However, based on this study, further research is required in Indonesia to determine if the same variables are also significant to the driver understanding of a companies' guideline of operation and their intentions to comply with the company's rule thorugh a random sampling of 302 respondents. General deterrence theory, understanding resource vulnerability of information, protection motivation and intention to comply do not affect the rating, indicating bias in ratings, drivers acceptance affected by intention to comply and significant influence between protection motivation and cancellation rate, despite the drivers have an understanding of data vulnerabilities, fear of penalties and motivated to protect themselves it has no effect on how many orders they complete, Drivers tend to cancel the order to protect themselves. The result of this research have some unique findings on the ridehailing operation dynamics in Indonesia, the relationship between drivers, rider, and system through ride-hailing platforms that have much insight for ride-hailing company management to be applied for performance improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have engaged in data-driven investigations of the presence, or frequency, of what could be considered retaliatory assessor behaviour in Multi-source Feedback (MSF) systems. In this study, authors explored how assessors scored others if, before assessing others, they received their own assessment score. The authors examined assessments from an established MSF system in which all clinical team members - medical students, interns, residents, fellows, and supervisors - anonymously assessed each other. The authors identified assessments in which an assessor (i.e., any team member providing a score to another) gave an aberrant score to another individual. An aberrant score was defined as one that was more than two standard deviations from the assessment receiver's average score. Assessors who gave aberrant scores were categorized according to whether their behaviour was preceded by: (1) receiving a score or not from another individual in the MSF system (2) whether the score they received was aberrant or not. The authors used a multivariable logistic regression model to investigate the association between the type of score received and the type of score given by that same individual. In total, 367 unique assessors provided 6091 scores on the performance of 484 unique individuals. Aberrant scores were identified in 250 forms (4.1%). The chances of giving an aberrant score were 2.3 times higher for those who had received a score, compared to those who had not (odds ratio 2.30, 95% CI:1.54–3.44, P < 0.001). Individuals who had received an aberrant score were also 2.17 times more likely to give an aberrant score to others compared to those who had received a non-aberrant score (2.17, 95% CI:1.39–3.39, P < 0.005) after adjusting for all other variables. This study documents an association between receiving scores within an anonymous multi-source feedback (MSF) system and providing aberrant scores to team members. These findings suggest care must be given to designing MSF systems to protect against potential downstream consequences of providing and receiving anonymous feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing text quality as an indication of underlying skills still remains challenging; irrespective of the approach, many studies struggle with reliability or validity problems. If writing is considered problem-solving, a report must make the reader understand the described situation and call for its mental reconstruction. Therefore, text quality may not only comprise linguistic aspects but also the cognitive-functional power of a text. The presented study aims at exploring the functionality of students' reporting texts in relation to general text-quality measures, using a corpus of accident reports written by German fifth- and ninth-graders (n = 277) prompted by a pictorial stimulus of a bike accident scenario. An online tool was developed in which 277 university students graphically reenacted the situation from one respective text according to the existence, position, and color of the involved elements. Thereafter, the match of the resulting spatial reconstructions with the original situation was assessed by two raters. While most subscales showed sufficiently high interrater reliabilities, the aggregated functionality score (α =.74) had medium-high correlations with other text-quality ratings and was comparably dependent on grade, education level, and linguistic family background. However, the correlational pattern, regression analysis, and factor analysis showed that the functionality score also contributed unique portions of variance to the assessment of writing skill that were not represented by rating measures. Moreover, the direct indication of whether a text allows for the reader's adequate cognitive representation is evident. Altogether, the approach of indicating text functionality through practical understanding offers a sound, though empirically laborious, alternative for text-quality measurement. Results are discussed with regard to the didactical strategy according to which students can improve their writing when they observe whether others can make use of their texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to determine what influence the last published review has on the sales success of an item, regardless of whether the average rating of the item has changed as a result of the last published review. For this purpose, the daily sales figures of over two thousand articles were examined over a period of 21 months depending on their last published rating of one to five stars from Amazon Germany. It was found that the last published rating has no measurable influence on the sales success of an item. Only half of the sample showed that sales of an item were higher if the last rating was positive rather than negative. Furthermore, no correlation was found between the number of stars and sales, even when only expensive or high-demand items were considered. This means that online stores or manufacturers do not necessarily have to react to the last review of an item in order to exploit sales potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern world, a significant role in the development of the innovative economy of the state is played by the training of highly qualified specialists who can produce new innovations and knowledge and build an efficient growing economy, manifested in the growth of the country's GDP. The training of such specialists is the responsibility of higher education institutions, which in today's, mainly Ukrainian, realities are struggling for applicants, which manifests itself in the formation of stakeholders' perceptions of the university, i.e., the formation of its own image. The image of a higher education institution becomes an intangible resource on par with industrial and intellectual property. Today, higher education institutions are moving away from just teaching students and are becoming research centers in Ukraine and the world, working in the format of teaching, research, and commercialization. The reputation and perception of a higher education institution (HEI) by its stakeholders directly depend on its ability to operate effectively and serve as a link between highly qualified specialists and businesses. This creates competition between universities in shaping their own image. Along with traditional determinants, including rankings, it is now necessary to consider new factors that reflect the digital level of representation and communication of higher education institutions in the internet space. For this study, we selected higher education institutions (HEIs) with the highest positions in the Times Higher Education rankings in Ukraine and the countries of the Visegrad Group. These countries were chosen because of their geographical proximity to Ukraine, shared history and borders, and because they were among the last to become members of the European Union, which Ukraine aspires to join. This approach allows for an objective assessment of the image of Ukrainian higher education institutions in the context of Ukraine's European integration aspirations. The methodological toolkit of the study was the entropy method of analysing the performance of the selected HEIs according to the Times Higher Education ranking and key indicators of the dynamics and visibility of their websites. The results obtained for the specific weights of the image subindices indicate a 43% influence of presence on the internet. This study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that digital presence and visibility on the internet are significant factors in forming the image of higher education institutions. This indicates the need to strengthen the digital communications and representation of Ukrainian higher education institutions to improve their image. The research results can be helpful for educational institutions, politicians, and communication specialists who seek to enhance the image of their higher education institutions. The obtained results can be used to develop strategies for improving internet presence and communication practices, which will contribute to a general increase in the rating and prestige of higher education institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Research on motion perception and the mirror neuron system in humans relies on non-invasive techniques such as electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. However, these techniques depend upon the observation of concrete stimulus sets, the design and perception of which are expected to align with the researcher's definitions. Consequently, rating studies are conducted in experimental psychology to ensure consistency. Despite their significance, data from rating experiments are often omitted from publications. This manuscript provides access to a stimulus set and associated rating experiments’ data to address this gap and to allow other researchers to employ it. Over the course of two experiments to which participants were randomly assigned, data were collected on the perceived source (origin), intentionality, and category of movements, as well as the attention captured by stimuli, all assessed via six-point Likert scales. It was revealed that participants rated the stimuli showing moving balls as a rather nonbiological and unintentional movement, which attracted relatively high attention. Simple hand movements were perceived as more biological and intentional movements, which captured fairly low attention compared to other stimuli and were assigned to the non-goal-directed biological category. Complex hand movements were rated as rather biological and intentional. Assigned to the category of goal-directed movements, these complex videos only moderately captured participants’ attention, similar to the simple category. Finally, social scenario videos were perceived as highly biological and intentional movements, which gained comparatively high attention and were categorized as social interactions.

Artykuł poświęcony jest rynkowi usług ratingowych. Jego podstawowym celem jest badanie utrzymującej się oligopolistycznej struktury tej branży w latach 2007-2021. Analizę oparto na danych amerykańskiej Komisji Papierów Wartościowych i Giełd, obejmując zarejestrowane agencje ratingowe wpisane na listę NRSRO (Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations) – „krajowych statystycznych organizacji kwalifikacyjnych”. Ponadto w części teoretycznej i historycznej pracy wykorzystano wyselekcjonowane pozycje literatury przedmiotu poświęcone tematyce rynku usług ratingowych oraz oligopolu. W artykule zastosowano metodę badań nazywaną analizą danych wtórnych (desk research) oraz analizę wybranej literatury przedmiotu. Dominacja agencji tworzących „wielką trójkę” (Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s Investor Service oraz Fitch Ratings) na rynku usług ratingowych, których udział w całej branży w poszczególnych latach badanego okresu kształtował się w przedziale od 94,4% do 98,3%, świadczy o utrzymującej się oligopolistycznej strukturze tego rynku. Rynek usług ratingowych pozostaje przykładem jednego z najbardziej skoncentrowanych sektorów w skali całej gospodarki światowej.

In the conditions of the Ryazan region, adaptive properties and ecological plasticity of 8 breeding lines of spring soft wheat (standard Agatha variety) were studied in 2020–2023 according to the "yield" trait using diverse statistical methods. Ecological plasticity (bi), stability (σ2d ), index of environmental conditions (Ij) were determined by S. A. Eberhart, W. A. Russell, variation – by B. A. Dospekhov, stress resistance and genetic flexibility – by A. A. Rossielle, J. Hemblin, index of ecological plasticity – by A. A. Gryaznov, indicator the level of the variety yield stability – according to E. D. Nettevich, homeostaticity (Hom ), breeding value (Sc) – according to V. V. Hangildin, relative stability, stability criterion – according to N. A. Sobolev, multiplicativity (KM) – according to V. A. Dragavtsev. It has been established that the yield level is mostly influenced by the factor "environment" – 51.5 %, the contribution of the factor "genotype" is 11.5 %. The average yield in the experiment was 5.19 t/ha, favorable conditions in 2022 (Ij = 0.50) allowed the yield to be 17.9 % higher than in 2021 (Ij = -0.52). Lines 2-17 (6.24 t/ha) and 21-17 (6.05 t/ha) had high yields, their genetic flexibility index was 5.58 and 5.41 t/ha, respectively. Lines 1-17, 465-17 and 531-17 had the highest resistance to stress (-0.63, -1.00), they are characterized by high yield stability (σ2d = 0.27–0.65) and the least decrease in it under adverse conditions. Strong responsiveness to changes in environmental conditions was noted for lines 290-17, 2-17 and 21-17: bi – 1.25–1.29, KM – 2.22–2.27. According to the degree of homeostaticity, line 1-17 was distinguished (Sc – 4.63, PUSS – 212, Hom – 18.3), these indicators exceeded the average values by 10.2 %, 81.0 abs. %, 98.9 %, respectively. According to the results of the integrated assessment by the ranking method, breeding lines 1-17; 465-17 and 21-17 showed varying degrees of adaptability, environmental stability, homeostaticity and had a high rating. The lowest rating in terms of the sum of the ranks of adaptability and plasticity parameters was obtained by the standard Agate variety.

Mentalization is the basis of the human ability to understand interpersonal behaviour and is consid-ered a key competence in psychotherapy research. We apply mentalization theory to workplace coaching and argue for its added value from a conceptual perspective. We illustrate its empirical potential with an exploratory analysis of a coaching process, in which coaching session transcripts are rated using a rating instrument established in psychotherapy (namely the Reflective Functioning Scale; Fonagy et al. 1998). We find indications that the coachee's mentalization changes over the course of the coaching engagement and that mentalization fluctuates considerably within individual coaching sessions.

The study purpose is to identify the relationship between the provisions’ implementation of the regional investment standard and the growth of the gross regional product (GRP) in the Russian Federation subjects. The average values’ statistically significant deviation of the GRP dynamics in 11 pilot regions of the Russian Federation and other subjects of the Russian Federation as an introduction result of regional investment standards developed by the Agency for Strategic Initiatives for the Promotion of New Projects (ANO “ASI”) together with the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation has been summarized. It is established that there is a statistically significant difference in the dynamics of the average GRP of the pilot and other regions of the Russian Federation, due to the implementing process of the provisions of the ANO “ASI” Standard. The provisions’ introduction of the ANO “ASI” Standard since 2012 has caused a statistically significant difference in the dynamics of the average GRP of the pilot and other regions of the Russian Federation. In fact, a significant outstripping dynamic of macroeconomic indicators for the development of pilot regions has not been achieved. The revealed situation testifies to the uneven movement of financial flows in the Russian Federation: about 45.8%of the profit of organizations falls on Moscow and St. Petersburg (2021). Despite the lack of outstripping dynamics of GRP and investments in fixed assets in comparison with the average value in the Russian Federation, the pilot regions managed to ensure a more stable dynamics of GRP in 2020. Despite the presence of partially lagging macroeconomic indicators’ dynamics of the pilot Russian Federation regions in comparison with the average values for the Russian Federation, the introduction of regional investment standards is an important condition for effective interaction between territorial authorities and a wide range of investors.

Soil rating is a comparative characteristic of the quality of arable land and other areas, assessed in points. It is carried out on the basis of special soil surveys, taking into account the supply of nutrients and other factors that determine the level of natural fertility. Soil rating is a necessary starting point for the economic assessment of land, determining the standard price and creating a land cadastre. The article presents the results of a comprehensive study aimed at determining the qualitative characteristics of the soil cover of the Republic of Adygea. As a result of determining the quality score, it is possible to predict how much agricultural land will be harvested in the future, as well as to determine the sowing plan for this area for the year. Determining the soil quality score is also important when resolving issues such as regulation of land relations, timely adoption of measures to improve land plots that are unsatisfactory in terms of indicators. Establishing a quality score allows for high-quality implementation of agrotechnical, hydraulic and chemical measures in those areas that are considered the worst as a result of determining soil quality. The groups of soils established during rating, which are quantitatively characterized by certain natural characteristics, form the information basis for the economic assessment of land, the data of which are important for the rational use of selected agricultural production groups, taking into account their natural characteristics. Based on the conducted research, recommendations are offered for using the obtained assessment results for the cultivation of various agricultural crops. The importance of using the results of soil assessment to improve the efficiency of land use, improve agricultural production and ensure sustainable development of the region has been emphasized.

The aim of the study is to develop an alternative scientific and methodological approach to the rating assessment of the level of competitiveness of the tax system of the leading countries of the world. A review of scientific studies devoted to the integral assessment of tax systems of different countries showed a variety of approaches to the choice of indicators and valuation methods. Despite the obvious positive aspects of the methodology for calculating the International Tax Competitiveness Index (ITCI), there are claims regarding the number of indicators and the methods for calculating final scores in subcategories and categories. A methodical approach to an alternative integral assessment of the level of tax competitiveness based on the use of the model of the iterative method of principal components is proposed, which made it possible to compile a ranking of the level of efficiency of the tax systems of European countries in 2023. The presented model is easily implemented without the involvement of special applied statistical programs. Ukraine (like most countries with developing economies) is not yet among the 38 countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, so the official ITCI index for Ukraine can only be calculated unofficially. The taxation system of Ukraine is characterized by both positive indicators and some shortcomings. Therefore, in order to improve the tax system of Ukraine, it is necessary to study the positive and negative experience of other countries and determine the factors influencing the country’s position in the ranking of international tax competitiveness. In the course of further research, it is necessary to critically review the system of indicators, excluding the ones that do not significantly affect the final result, but can lead to certain errors.