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Sphaeropsis linhaiensis X.E. Xiao, Crous & H.Y. Li, in Xiao et al., Persoonia 47: 131 (2021) Index Fungorum number: IF 840686; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11773; Fig. 9 Synonym: Sphaeropsis guizhouensis Ya Ya Chen, Dissan. & Jian K. Liu, in Dissanayake et al., Journal of Fungi 7(no. 893): 31 (2021) Saprobic on dead branch of Cinnamomum camphora. Sexual morph: Ascomata 265–350 μm high × 235–285 μm diam. (x̄ = 315 × 260 μm, n = 5), immersed to erumpent through host tissue, globose, solitary or scattered, appearing as brown to dark brown spots. Ostiole central, short papillate. Peridium 23–54 μm wide, 5–7 layers, brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising 3–7 μm wide, oblong to cylindrical, septate pseudoparaphyses. Asci 61–120 × 23–35 μm (x̄ = 80 × 30 μm, n = 10), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, with a short pedicel, straight to slightly curved, apically rounded with a well-developed ocular chamber. Ascospores 28–37 × 14–20 μm (x̄ = 33 × 17 μm, n = 30), 1–2-seriate, overlapping in the ascus, hyaline to yellowish brown when immature, becoming brown to dark brown at maturity, ellipsoid to ovoid, aseptate, with granular appearance, widest at the center and tapering toward narrow ends, straight, with a hyaline apiculus at either end. Asexual morph: See Xiao et al. (2021). Material examined: — CHINA. Guizhou: Guiyang, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GZAAS), on a dead branch of Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae), 20 May 2018, Milan Samarakoon (HKAS 10-2383, MFLU 22- 0100 new host record). Known hosts and distribution:— Citrus unshiu in China (Xiao et al. 2021), decaying woody hosts in China (Dissanayake et al. 2021), Cinnamomum camphora in China (this study). Notes:—In the multi-gene phylogeny (ITS, tef 1-α and β-tub), our strain (HKAS 10-2383) and ex-type strain of Sphaeropsis linhaiensis (CGMCC 3.20382) clustered with high 100% ML bootstrap and 1.00 PP support (Fig. 2). Sphaeropsis linhaiensis was introduced from its asexual morph (Xiao et al. 2021), while our strain is reported from sexual morphs. Therefore, we could not compare morphology between the holotype and our strain. When comparing the ITS region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), there is no base pair (0%) difference between S. guizhouensis (GZCC 19-0273) and S. linhaiensis (CGMCC 3.20382 and HKAS 10-2383). Therefore, we synonymize S. guizhouensis under S. linhaiensis based on our phylogenetic analyses. Both GZCC 19-0273 and HKAS 10-2383 isolates were collected from different hosts but in the same province. Considering the morpho-molecular evidence, we conclude that our collection is a new host record on Cinnamomum camphora in China., Published as part of Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Phillips, Alan J. L. & Jones, E. B. Gareth, 2022, Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host / geographical records, pp. 8-38 in Phytotaxa 564 (1) on pages 22-25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7077775, {"references":["Xiao, X. E., Wang, W., Crous, P. W., Wang, H. K., Jiao, C., Huang, F., Pu, Z. X., Zhu, Z. R. & Li, H. Y. (2021) Species of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with citrus branch diseases in China. Persoonia 47: 106 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / persoonia. 2021.47.03","Dissanayake, A. J., Chen, Y. Y., Cheewangkoon, R. & Liu, J. K. (2021) Occurrence and morpho-molecular identification of Botryosphaeriales species from Guizhou Province, China. Journal of Fungi 7 (11): 2 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / jof 7110893"]}

Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K.W. Thilini, Phillips, Alan J.L., Jones, E.B. Gareth (2022): Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records. Phytotaxa 564 (1): 8-38, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.2

Sphaeropsis Sacc., Michelia 2(no. 6): 105 (1880) Index Fungorum number: IF 562041; Facesoffungi number: FoF 01704 Sphaeropsis was introduced by Saccardo (1880) with S. visci as the type species. More than 600 epithets are listed in Index Fungorum (2022). Sphaeropsis species are characterized by brown, aseptate ascospores with a small apiculus at either end. Conidia are oval, oblong or clavate, straight, pigmented and aseptate (Phillips et al. 2013)., Published as part of Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Phillips, Alan J. L. & Jones, E. B. Gareth, 2022, Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host / geographical records, pp. 8-38 in Phytotaxa 564 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7077775, {"references":["Saccardo, P. A. (1880) Conspectus genera fungorum Italiae inferiorum nempe ad Sphaeropsideas, Melanconieas et Hyphomyceteas pertinentium systemate sporologico dispositorum. Michelia 2: 1 - 38.","Index Fungorum (2022) Index Fungorum. Available from: http: // www. indexfungorum. org / names / Names. asp (accessed 10 October 2021)","Phillips, A. J. L., Alves, A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M. J., Groenewald, J. Z. & Crous, P. W. (2013) The Botryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture. Studies in Mycology 76 (1): 51 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.3114 / sim 0021"]}

Sphaeropsis eucalypticola (Doilom, J.K. Liu, & K.D. Hyde) A.J.L. Phillips, in Phillips et al., Stud. Mycol. 76: 158 (2013) Synonym: Sphaeropsis chromolaenicola Mapook & K.D. Hyde, in Mapook et al., Fungal Diversity 101: 113 (2020) Index Fungorum number: IF 805464; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00169; Figs 10, 11 Saprobic on dead branches of Ficus ampelas and Tamarindus indica. Sexual morph: Ascostromata 145–270 μm diam., 155–290 μm high, solitary or gregarious, semi-immersed, erumpent at maturity, uniloculate, globose to subglobose, ostiolate. Peridium 10–90 μm wide, composed of brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium composed of 2–5 μm wide, oblong to cylindrical, septate, hyaline pseudoparaphyses. Asci 65–190 × 20–30 μm (x̄ = 110 × 25 μm, n = 15), bitunicate, fissitunicate, 8-spored, clavate to cylindro-clavate, short pedicellate, straight to slightly curved, apically rounded with well-developed ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–35 × 10–17 μm (x̄ = 28 × 14 μm, n = 30), 1−2-seriate, overlapping in the ascus, hyaline to yellowish brown when immature, becoming brown to dark brown at maturity, ellipsoid to ovoid, aseptate, with granular appearance, widest at the center and tapering toward narrow ends, straight, small apiculus at either end, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics:—Ascospores germinating on PDA within 6 hours and germ tube produced from one side of the ascospore. Colonies on PDA reaching 5–7 cm diam. after 3 days at 25 °C, circular, flattened, fluffy, dense, grey in both upper and lower sides. Material examined: — THAILAND. Chiang Mai: Mae Tang Watershed Research Station, on dead branches of Tamarindus indica (Fabaceae), 7 July 2021, Achala Rathnayaka (MFLU 22-0095, new host record). TAIWAN. National Chiayi University (NCYU), on dead branch of Ficus ampelas (Moraceae), 21 August 2019, Dhanushka Tennakoon (MFLU 22-0099, new host and geographical record); living culture NCYUCC 19-0423. Known hosts and distribution:— Chromolaena odorata, Eucalyptus sp., Tectona grandis, Tamarindus indica in Thailand (Mapook et al. 2021, Liu et al. 2012, Phillips et al. 2013, this study), Ficus ampelas in Taiwan (this study). Notes:—Our collections (MFLU 22-0095 and NCYUCC 19-0423) clustered with Sphaeropsis eucalypticola isolates (MFLUCC 11-0579, MFLUCC 11-0654, MFLUCC 13-0701 and MFLUCC 17-1499) with relatively high 99% ML bootstrap and 1.00 PP support (Fig. 2). Morphologically, our collections show similar characters to the holotype, such as erumpent, globose to subglobose, solitary or gregarious ascostromata. Asci are cylindro-clavate, short pedicellate, and apically rounded with a well-developed ocular chamber. Ascospores are hyaline, becoming yellowish-brown to dark brown at maturity, ellipsoid to ovoid, widest at the center, aseptate, and smooth-walled with small apiculus at either end (Liu et al. 2012). However, the size of asci and ascospores (x̄ = 110 × 25 μm and x̄ = 28 × 14 μm) are slightly different to the holotype (x̄ = 106 × 29 μm and x̄ = 30 × 12 μm) (Liu et al. 2012). Based on morpho-molecular evidence, we conclude that our collections represent new host records on Tamarindus indica and Ficus ampelas in Thailand and Taiwan, respectively. Also, NCYUCC 19-0423 represents a new geographical record of S. eucalypticola from Taiwan. Mapook et al. (2021) introduced MFLUCC 17-1499 isolate as Sphaeropsis chromolaenicola, a new species of Sphaeropsis. When comparing the ITS region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), no base pair (0%) differences were found between S. chromolaenicola (MFLUCC 17-1499) and other strains of S. eucalypticola (MFLUCC 11-0579, MFLUCC 11-0654, MFLUCC 13-0701, MFLU 22-0095 and NCYUCC 19-0423). According to our phylogenetic analyses, the S. chromolaenicola isolate clusters with other S. eucalypticola isolates (Fig. 2). Therefore, we synonymize S. chromolaenicola under S. eucalypticola., Published as part of Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Phillips, Alan J. L. & Jones, E. B. Gareth, 2022, Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host / geographical records, pp. 8-38 in Phytotaxa 564 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7077775, {"references":["Liu, J. K., Phookamsak, R., Doilom, M., Wikee, S., Li, Y. M., Ariyawansha, H. A., Boonmee, S., Chomnunti, P., Dai, D. Q., Bhat, D. J., Romero, A. I., Zhuang, W. Y., Monkai, J., Jones, E. B. G., Chukeatirote, E., Ko, T. W. K., Zhao, Y. C., Wang, Y. & Hyde, K. D. (2012) Towards a natural classification of Botryosphaeriales. Fungal Diversity 57: 149 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 012 - 0207 - 4","Phillips, A. J. L., Alves, A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M. J., Groenewald, J. Z. & Crous, P. W. (2013) The Botryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture. Studies in Mycology 76 (1): 51 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.3114 / sim 0021"]}

Dothiorella albiziae Rathnayaka & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF559720; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11669; Fig. 6. Etymology:—In reference to Albizia lebbeck, the host from which the fungus was collected. Holotype:— MFLU 22-0093 Saprobic on dead Albizia lebbeck dry pod. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Conidiomata 310–340 μm high × 250–265 μm diam. (x̄ = 320 × 262 μm, n = 10), pycnidial, solitary or gregarious, globose, formed in uniloculate stromata, immersed, becoming erumpent at maturity. Conidiomata wall 24–68 μm diam., of two layers, outer layer composed of thick-walled, dark brown to brown cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of thin-walled, pale brown to hyaline cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores usually reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells 5–10 × 2–5 μm (x̄ = 7.5 × 3 μm, n = 20), lining the pycnidial cavity, holoblastic, hyaline, cylindrical, discrete, determinate, smooth-walled. Conidia 14–18 × 6–8 μm (x̄ = 16 × 7 μm, n = 20), oblong to ovoid, straight, rounded at both ends, initially hyaline and aseptate becoming brown and 1-septate often while attached to conidiogenous cell, guttulate. Culture characteristics: — Conidia germinating on PDA within 24 h. Germ tubes produced from one side of the conidium. Colonies on PDA reaching 1.0– 1.5 cm diam. after 10 days at 25 °C, circular, dense, convex with papillate surface, black colour in both upper and lower sides. Material examined:— THAILAND. Phayao: on dead dry pod of Albizia lebbeck (Fabaceae), 20 July 2020, Achala Rathnayaka (MFLU 22-0093, holotype); ex-type living culture MFLUCC 22-0057. Notes:—In the multi-gene phylogeny (ITS, LSU, tef 1-α and β-tub), our novel strain (MFLU 22-0093/ MFLUCC 22-0057) formed a separate lineage sister to D. thailandica with 81% ML bootstrap and 0.76 PP support (Fig. 1). Although the conidia of D. albiziae (16 × 7 μm) and D. thailandica (18.5 × 7 μm) are of similar size, there are several differences in conidial morphology between these two species (Phillips et al. 2013). Conidia in D. thailandica are oblong to ellipsoidal, slightly constricted at the septa, with slight undulating striations on the surface, occasionally curved and the lower cell is smaller than the upper cell (Phillips et al. 2013). In D. albiziae, the conidia are oblong to ovoid, not constricted at the septa, and the upper and lower cells are of similar size. Base pair differences (without gaps) between D. albiziae and D. thailandica are: ITS = 1.8% (8/455), LSU = 0.3% (2/794), tef 1-α = 3.7% (9/242) and β-tub = 2.1% (7/341). Considering the morpho-molecular data analysis, we established D. albiziae as a new species., Published as part of Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Phillips, Alan J. L. & Jones, E. B. Gareth, 2022, Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host / geographical records, pp. 8-38 in Phytotaxa 564 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7077775, {"references":["Phillips, A. J. L., Alves, A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M. J., Groenewald, J. Z. & Crous, P. W. (2013) The Botryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture. Studies in Mycology 76 (1): 51 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.3114 / sim 0021"]}

Botryosphaeria fabicerciana (S.F. Chen, Pavlic, M.J. Wingf. & X.D. Zhou) A.J.L. Phillips & A. Alves, Stud. Mycol. 76: 77 (2013) Index Fungorum number: IF 805457; Facesoffungi number: FoF 09152, Fig. 14 Saprobic on dead branches of Prunus serrulata. Sexual morph: Ascomata 200–270 μm high, 200–255 μm diam. (x̄ = 230 × 235 μm, n = 10), dark brown to black, solitary to aggregated, semi-immersed, erumpent at maturity, uniloculate, globose to subglobose, ostiolate. Peridium 20–56 μm wide, two-layered, outer layer composed of brown to dark brown, thick-walled cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium composed of 2–6 μm wide, dense, hyphae-like, branched, septate, hyaline pseudoparaphyses. Asci 105–132 × 15–26 μm (x̄ = 120 × 23 μm, n = 10), bitunicate, fissitunicate, 8-spored, clavate to cylindro-clavate, short pedicellate, apically rounded with a well-developed ocular chamber. Ascospores 18–24 × 8–12 μm (x̄ = 20 × 9 μm, n = 20), 1−2-seriate, hyaline, aseptate, ellipsoidal to fusiform, usually wider in the centre, thick and rough-walled, guttulate. Asexual morph: see Rathnayaka et al. (2021) for description. Culture characteristics:—Ascospores germinating on PDA within 6 hours and germ tubes produced from one side or both sides of the ascospore. Colonies on PDA reaching 5–7 cm diam. after 4 days at 25 °C, circular, flattened, fluffy, fairly dense, aerial, white at first, becoming grey to grey-black in the front view and black in reverse. Material examined: — TAIWAN. Alishan Mountain, Chiayi: on a dead twig of Prunus serrulata (Rosaceae), 16 August 2019, Achala Rathnayaka (MFLU 22-0097, new host record), living culture NCYUCC 19-0405. Known hosts and distribution:— Avicennia marina in South Africa (Osorio et al. 2017), Camellia sinensis in Taiwan (Rathnayaka et al. 2021), Carya cathayensis in China (Wang et al. 2014), Caryota sp. and Entada sp. in Thailand (Liu et al. 2012), Eucalyptus sp. in China (Chen et al. 2011), Mangifera indica in Brazil (Marques et al. 2013, Nogueira et al. 2016), South Africa (Mehl et al. 2017), Taiwan (Burgess et al. 2019) and USA (Zhang et al. 2021), Morus nigra in Brazil (Silva et al. 2021), Syzygium cordatum in South Africa (Zhang et al. 2021), Prunus serrulata in Taiwan (this study). Notes:—Our strain (NCYUCC19-0405) clustered with the ex-type and other strains of Botryosphaeria fabicerciana (CMW27094, CMW 27108, MFLU 20-0526 and MFLUCC 10-0098) with high support (82% ML/ 0.99 PP) based on the multi-gene phylogenic analyses (ITS, tef 1-α and β-tub) (Fig. 4). Morphologically, our strain is similar to the B. fabicerciana holotype (CMW27094) collected from twigs of an unknown Eucalyptus sp. in China (Chen et al. 2011), in having dark brown to black, erumpent ascomata, and hyaline, aseptate, ellipsoidal to fusiform ascospores (Liu et al. 2012). However, the holotype has aseptate pseudoparaphyses, while our strain has septate pseudoparaphyses (Liu et al. 2012). Based on morpho-molecular data analysis, we conclude that our new collection is a new host record of B. fabicerciana on Prunus serrulata in Taiwan., Published as part of Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Phillips, Alan J. L. & Jones, E. B. Gareth, 2022, Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host / geographical records, pp. 8-38 in Phytotaxa 564 (1) on pages 31-33, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7077775, {"references":["Rathnayaka, A. R., Chethana, K. W. T., Phillips, A. J., Liu, J. K. & Hyde, K. D. (2021) First report of Botryosphaeriaceae species on Camellia sinensis from Taiwan with a global checklist of Botryosphaeriaceae species on this host. Chiang Mai Journal of Sciences 48 (5): 1199 - 1223.","Osorio, J. A., Crous, C. J., De Beer, Z. W., Wingfield, M. J. & Roux, J. (2017) Endophytic Botryosphaeriaceae, including five new species, associated with mangrove trees in South Africa. Fungal Biology 121 (4): 361 - 393. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. funbio. 2016.09.004","Wang, X., Ma, L., Meng, X. & Zhang, X. (2014) Identification of the pathogens causing stem canker on Corya cathayensis. Journal of Zhejiang A & F University 31 (2): 238 - 245.","Liu, J. K., Phookamsak, R., Doilom, M., Wikee, S., Li, Y. M., Ariyawansha, H. A., Boonmee, S., Chomnunti, P., Dai, D. Q., Bhat, D. J., Romero, A. I., Zhuang, W. Y., Monkai, J., Jones, E. B. G., Chukeatirote, E., Ko, T. W. K., Zhao, Y. C., Wang, Y. & Hyde, K. D. (2012) Towards a natural classification of Botryosphaeriales. Fungal Diversity 57: 149 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 012 - 0207 - 4","Chen, S. F., Pavlic, D., Roux, J., Slippers, B., Xie, Y. J., Wingfield, M. J. & Zhoua, X. D. (2011) Characterization of Botryosphaeriaceae from plantation-grown Eucalyptus species in South China. Plant Pathology 60: 739 - 751.","Marques, M. W., Lima, N. B., de Morais, M. A. Jr., Michereff, S. J., Phillips, A. J. L. & Camara, M. P. S. (2013) Botryosphaeria, Neofusicoccum, Neoscytalidium and Pseudofusicoccum species associated with mango in Brazil. Fungal Diversity 61: 195 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 013 - 0258 - 1","Nogueira Jr, A. F., Fischer, I. H., Braganca, C. A. D., Massola Jr., N. S. & Amorim, L. (2016) Identification of Botryosphaeriaceae species that cause stylar-end rot of guavas and characterization of the disease monocycle. European Journal of Plant Pathology 144 (2): 271 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10658 - 015 - 0765 - x","Mehl, J. W., Slippers, B., Roux, J. & Wingfield, M. J. (2017) Overlap of latent pathogens in the Botryosphaeriaceae on a native and agricultural host. Fungal Biology 121 (4): 405 - 419. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. funbio. 2016.07.015","Burgess, T. I., Tan, Y. P., Garnas, J., Edwards, J., Scarlett, K. A., Shuttleworth, L. A., Daniel, R., Dann, E. K., Parkinson, L. E., Dinh, Q. & Shivas, R. G. (2019) Current status of the Botryosphaeriaceae in Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology 48 (1): 35 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13313 - 018 - 0577 - 5","Zhang, W., Groenewald, J. Z., Lombard, L., Schumacher, R. K., Phillips, A. J. L. & Crous, P. W. (2021) Evaluating species in Botryosphaeriales. Persoonia 46: 63 - 115. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / persoonia. 2021.46.03","Silva, A. A. D., Polonio, J. C., Bulla, A. M., Polli, A. D., Castro, J. C., Soares, L. C., Oliveira-Junior, V. A. D., Vicentini, V. E. P., Oliveira, A. J. B. D., Goncalves, J. E., Goncalves, R. A. C., Azevedo, J. L., de Abreu-Filho, B. A. & Pamphile, J. A. (2021) Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus Botryosphaeria fabicerciana (MGN 23 - 3) associated to Morus nigra L. Natural Product Research 6: 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786419.2021.1947272"]}

Neodeightonia arengae Y.R. Xiong, Manawas., K.D. Hyde & Z.Y. Dong, in Xiong et al., Phytotaxa: (2) (2022) Index Fungorum number: IF558659; Facesoffungi number: FoF10227, Fig. 12 Synonym: Neodeightonia pinangae Tennakoon, C.H. Kuo & K.D. Hyde, in Phukhamsakda et al., Fungal Diversity: (6) (2022) Saprobic on dead branch of Arenga tremula. Sexual morph: Ascomata 190–220 μm high × 175–280 μm diam. (x̄ = 205 × 230 μm, n = 5), solitary, scattered, semi-immersed, uniloculate, subglobose, ostiolate. Ostiole circular, central, papillate. Peridium 16–36 μm wide, composed of several layers of dark brown to hyaline cells of textura angularis to textura prismatica. Hamathecium 1–3 μm wide, dense, hyphae-like, septate, often constricted at the septa, hyaline, composed of pseudoparaphyses. Asci 45–110 × 18–30 μm (x̄ = 70 × 23 μm, n = 10), bitunicate, fissitunicate, 8-spored, clavate to cylindro-clavate, short pedicellate, apically rounded with a well-developed ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–25 × 8–11 μm (x̄ = 22 × 10 μm, n = 30), irregularly biseriate, ellipsoidal-fusiform or fusiform, hyaline, widest in the middle, both ends obtuse, aseptate, guttulate with bipolar germ pores, surrounded by 2–5.4 μm wide wing-like appendage. Asexual morph: see Xiong et al. (2022) for description. Culture characteristics:—Ascospores germinating on PDA within 6 hours and germ tube produced from one side of the ascospore. Colonies on PDA reaching 5–7 cm diam. after 3 days at 25 °C, circular, flattened, fluffy, dense, aerial, grey in upper side and black in lower side. Material examined: — TAIWAN. Fenghuang Mountain, on dead branch of Arenga tremula (Arecaceae), 17 September 2019, Achala Rathnayaka, (MFLU 22-0098, new host record), living culture NCYUCC 19-0419. Known hosts and distribution:— Arenga tremula in China (Xiong et al. 2022), Pinanga tashiroi in Taiwan (Phukhamsakda et al. 2022), Arenga tremula in Taiwan (this study). Notes:—Based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, LSU, SSU and tef 1-α), our strain (NCYUCC 19-0419) clustered with the ex-type strain (ZHKUCC 21-0074) and other authentic strains (ZHKUCC 21-0075, NCYUCC 19- 0144 and MFLUCC 19-0077) with high 91% ML bootstrap and 0.94 PP support (Fig. 3). The holotype of N. arengae is recorded from the asexual morph (Xiong et al. 2022), while our strain is recorded from the sexual morph. Therefore, we could not compare the morphology between the holotype and our strain. According to the phylogenetic analyses in this study, N. arengae (ZHKUCC 21-0074 and ZHKUCC 21-0075), N. pinangae (NCYUCC 19-0077 and MFLUCC 19-0144) introduced by Phukhamsakda et al. (2022) and our collection (NCYUCC 19-0419) clustered in the same clade, and no base pair differences were found in the ITS regions (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) among these strains. Therefore, we synonymize N. pinangae under N. arengae. Both ZHKUCC 21-0074 and NCYUCC 19-0077 were recorded from different hosts in different countries. Based on morpho-molecular evidence in this study, we conclude that our new collection is the first record of Arenga tremula in Taiwan., Published as part of Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Phillips, Alan J. L. & Jones, E. B. Gareth, 2022, Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host / geographical records, pp. 8-38 in Phytotaxa 564 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7077775, {"references":["Xiong, Y., Manawasinghe, I. S., Liao, C., Hyde, K. D. & Dong, Z. (2022) Neodeightonia arengae sp. nov., Botryosphaeriaceous taxa on Arenga tremula (Arecaceae) from Guangdong, China. Phytotaxa 530 (2): 130 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 530.2.1","Phukhamsakda, C., Nilsson, R. H., Bhunjun, C. S., de Farias, A. R. G., Sun, Y. R., Wijesinghe, S. N., Raza, M., Bao, D. F., Lu, L., Tibpromma, S. & Dong, W. (2022) The numbers of fungi: contributions from traditional taxonomic studies and challenges of metabarcoding. Fungal Diversity 114: 327 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 022 - 00502 - 3"]}

Botryosphaeria Ces. & De Not., Comm. Soc. crittog. Ital. 1(fasc. 4): 211 (1863) Index Fungorum number: IF 635; Facesoffungi number: FoF 00141 Botryosphaeria was introduced with B. dothidea as the type species by Cesati & De Notaris (1863). Botryosphaeria species have worldwide distribution on a wide range of hosts, including monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous, and gymnosperm hosts (Darge & Woldemariam 2021). Members of this genus include plant pathogens, endophytes and saprobes, and often cause die-back and canker diseases (Crous et al. 2006, Pavlic et al. 2007, Hattori et al. 2021). This genus is characterized by hyaline and aseptate ascospores that become pale brown and septate (Phillips et al. 2005, 2013). In the asexual morph, conidia are hyaline and aseptate and become pigmented with age. These conidia become one or two septate with age or before germination (Phillips et al. 2013). Currently, 30 species are accepted in this genus (Wu et al. 2021)., Published as part of Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Phillips, Alan J. L. & Jones, E. B. Gareth, 2022, Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host / geographical records, pp. 8-38 in Phytotaxa 564 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7077775, {"references":["Cesati, V. & Notaris, G. de. (1863) Schema di classificazione degli sferiacei italici aschigeri piu' o meno appartenenti al genere Sphaeria nell'antico significato attribuitoglide Persoon. Commentario della Societa Crittogamologica Italiana 14: 177 - 240.","Darge, W. A. & Woldemariam, S. S. (2021) Botryosphaeria tree fungal pathogens and their diversity. International Journal of Phytopathology 10 (1): 49 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.33687 / phytopath. 010.01.3447","Crous, P. W., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M. J., Rheeder, J., Marasas, W. F. O., Philips, A. J. L., Alves, A., Burgess, T., Barber, P. & Groenewald, J. Z. (2006) Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Studies in Mycology 55 (1): 235 - 253. https: // doi. org / 10.3114 / sim. 55.1.235","Pavlic, D., Slippers, B., Coutinho, T. A. & Wingfield, M. J. (2007) Botryosphaeriaceae occurring on native Syzygium cordatum in South Africa and their potential threat to Eucalyptus. Plant Pathology 56 (4): 624 - 636. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3059.2007.01608. x","Hattori, Y., Ando, Y., Sasaki, A., Uechi, N. & Nakashima, C. (2021) Taxonomical study of noteworthy species of Botryosphaeria in Japan. Mycobiology 49 (2): 122 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 12298093.2021.1895486","Phillips, A., Alves, A., Correia, A. & Luque, J. (2005) Two new species of Botryosphaeria with brown, 1 - septate ascospores and Dothiorella anamorphs. Mycologia 97: 513 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 15572536.2006.11832826","Phillips, A. J. L., Alves, A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Slippers, B., Wingfield, M. J., Groenewald, J. Z. & Crous, P. W. (2013) The Botryosphaeriaceae: genera and species known from culture. Studies in Mycology 76 (1): 51 - 167. https: // doi. org / 10.3114 / sim 0021","Wu, N., Dissanayake, A. J., Manawasinghe, I. S., Rathnayaka, A. R., Liu, J. K., Phillips, A. J. L., Promputtha, I. & Hyde, K. D. (2021) https: // botryosphaeriales. org /, an up-to-date classification and account of taxa of Botryosphaeriales. Database 2021 (0): 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / baab 061"]}

Neodeightonia C. Booth, in Punithalingam, Mycol. Pap. 119: 17 (1970) [1969] Index Fungorum number: IF 3450; Facesoffungi number: FoF 07627 Neodeightonia was introduced by Booth (Punithalingam 1969), with N. subglobosa as the type species. However, Arx & Müller (1975) synonymized Neodeightonia under Botryosphaeria. Later, Phillips et al. (2008) distinguished this genus from Botryosphaeria based on morphological and phylogenetic data and accepted Neodeightonia as a separate genus in Botryosphaeriaceae. This genus is characterized by hyaline, aseptate ascospores with polar apiculi, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. In the asexual morph, initially hyaline conidia become brown and 1-septate at maturity with smooth to finely roughened walls or with fine striations and this is unique to the genus Neodeightonia (Phillips et al. 2008, 2013, Konta et al. 2016, Liu et al. 2012). Eleven Neodeightonia species are listed in Index Fungorum (2022)., Published as part of Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Phillips, Alan J. L. & Jones, E. B. Gareth, 2022, Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host / geographical records, pp. 8-38 in Phytotaxa 564 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7077775, {"references":["Punithalingam, E. (1969) Studies on Sphaeropsidales in culture. Mycological Papers 119: 1 - 24.","Arx, J. A. von & Muller, E. (1975) A re-evaluation of the bitunicate ascomycetes with keys to families and genera. Studies in Mycology 9: 1 - 159. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3758851","Phillips, A. J. L., Alves, A., Pennycook, S. R., Johnston, P. R., Ramaley, A, Akulov, A. & Crous, P. W. (2008) Resolving the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of dark-spored teleomorph genera in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Persoonia 21: 29 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 003158508 X 340742","Konta, S., Hongsanan, S., Phillips, A. J., Jones, E. B. G., Boonmee, S. & Hyde, K. D. (2016) Botryosphaeriaceae from palms in Thailand II - two new species of Neodeightonia, N. rattanica and N. rattanicola from Calamus (rattan palm). Mycosphere 7 (7): 950 - 961. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / si / 1 b / 6","Liu, J. K., Phookamsak, R., Doilom, M., Wikee, S., Li, Y. M., Ariyawansha, H. A., Boonmee, S., Chomnunti, P., Dai, D. Q., Bhat, D. J., Romero, A. I., Zhuang, W. Y., Monkai, J., Jones, E. B. G., Chukeatirote, E., Ko, T. W. K., Zhao, Y. C., Wang, Y. & Hyde, K. D. (2012) Towards a natural classification of Botryosphaeriales. Fungal Diversity 57: 149 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 012 - 0207 - 4","Index Fungorum (2022) Index Fungorum. Available from: http: // www. indexfungorum. org / names / Names. asp (accessed 10 October 2021)"]}

Dothiorella obovata Rathnayaka & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF559719; Facesoffungi number: FoF 11668; Fig. 5 Etymology:—In reference to obovate-shaped ascospores. Holotype:— MFLU 22-0094 Saprobic on dead twig of Pavonia odorata. Sexual morph: Ascomata 195–250 μm high × 170–240 μm diam. (x̄ = 215 × 200 μm, n = 10), immersed to erumpent through host tissue, globose, solitary and scattered. Peridium 34–90 μm wide, 5–7 layers, brown to dark brown cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising 2–4 μm wide, oblong to cylindrical, septate pseudoparaphyses. Asci 60–95 × 12–25 μm (x̄ = 75 × 18 μm, n = 10), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindric-clavate to clavate, with a short pedicel, slightly curved, apically rounded with a well-developed ocular chamber. Ascospores 12–17 × 6–10 μm (x̄ = 14 × 8 μm, n = 30), 1–2-seriate, overlapping in the ascus, hyaline to yellowish brown, aseptate when immature, becoming brown to dark brown, 1-sepate at maturity, obovoid, with granular appearance, upper cell is wider than lower cell, straight. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics:— Conidia germinating on PDA within 24 h. Germ tubes produced from one side of the conidium. Colonies on PDA reaching 2.0– 2.5 cm diam. after 5 days at 25 °C, circular, medium dense, flat or effuse, slightly raised, fluffy to fairly fluffy, aerial, grey colour in top view, black in bottom view. Material examined:— THAILAND. Trat province (Southern Thailand): on dead twig of Pavonia odorata (Malvaceae), 3 September 2020, Rashika Sajith (MFLU 22-0094, holotype); ex-type living culture MFLUCC 22- 0058. Notes:— Dothiorella obovata fits within the generic concept of Dothiorella by having pigmented, 1-septate ascospores. Morphologically, our new strain (MFLU 22-0094/ MFLUCC 22-0058) is distinguished from other Dothiorella species by having obovate ascospores. Based on multi-gene phylogeny (ITS, LSU, tef 1-α and β-tub), D. obovata constitutes a distant lineage sister to D. brevicollis, D. diospyricola, D. lampangensis, and D. longicollis with relatively high 97% ML bootstrap and 1.00 PP support (Fig. 1). Only asexual morphs have been recorded for D. brevicollis, D. diospyricola, D. lampangensis, and D. longicollis, while D. obovata is recorded from the sexual morph. Therefore, we could not compare the morphology of D. obovata with these four species. Base pair differences between D. brevicollis, D. diospyricola, D. lampangensis, D. longicollis and D. obovata (MFLUCC 22-0058) are shown in Table 2. According to distinct morphology and phylogenetic evidence, we established D. obovata as a new species in Dothiorella., Published as part of Rathnayaka, Achala R., Chethana, K. W. Thilini, Phillips, Alan J. L. & Jones, E. B. Gareth, 2022, Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host / geographical records, pp. 8-38 in Phytotaxa 564 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7077775

A novel taxon, Pseudorobillarda camelliae-sinensis (Pseudorobillardaceae) and new host records of pleosporalean taxa viz. Neopyrenochaeta triseptatispora (Neopyrenochaetaceae), Ramusculicola thailandica (Teichosporaceae) and Vaginatispora palmae (Lophiostomataceae) resulted from our investigation of plant-associated microfungi in Alishan and Fenghuang Mountain ranges in Taiwan. These taxa were isolated from dicotyledonous hosts of Bignoniaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Meliaceae and Moraceae. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses were performed using combined SSU, LSU, ITS, tef1-α and rpb2 sequence data to clarify the phylogenetic affinities of taxa. The newly described taxa of the current study are accompanied by comprehensive descriptions, micrographs and comparisons with similar species. In addition, the importance of exploiting fungi from mountain habitats in Taiwan is discussed.