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RBCs stand for red blood cells (also known as erythrocytes), are the most common type of blood cells. They are the basic means of delivering oxygen, in the vertebrates to different cells and tissues. Hemoglobin is a protein in the RBCs, which carries oxygen and gives blood its red color. The normal range of RBCs in men is approximately 4.7 to 6.1 million cells per microliter and the normal range of RBCs in women is approximately 4.2 to 5.4 million cells per microliter. For a person to be eligible to donate blood, he/she should have the minimum number of RBCs in their blood for donation. This is only possible when the minimum duration between two donations is 3 months, be- cause it takes RBC about three months to develop completely. Many equipment have been developed or installed in hospitals for reducing energy consumption and increasing the efficiency. But even after installing these energy efficient devices in hospitals, it has been found out that these devices face a number of difficulties or obstacles. Thus, this paper focuses in developing an energy efficient software for blood transfusion that can function without interfering with any obstacles and thus giving accurate results.

Cartilaginous tumors are commonly encountered tumors that can involve almost any bone and very rarely found in the maxillofacial region. These tumors may have varied presentations ranging from a simple enchondroma to a high-grade osteo or chondrosarcoma. Owing to their membranous development they are reported to occur usually in the cartilage bearing areas of the jaws like condylar process of the mandible. This article is intended to present a rarest of rare case of enchondroma of the mandibular body which to the best knowledge of authors', is not reported in the literature so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudoaneurysms of intercostal artery are very rare. All the published cases have been caused by trauma, either iatrogenic or otherwise. They can cause hemothorax, retroperitoneal hemorrhage or can present as pulsatile chest mass. Doppler ultrasound, contrast‑enhanced CT and conventional angiogram can accurately diagnose this condition. All the reported cases have been treated by embolisation, stenting or surgery. We report an unusual case of intercostal artery pseudoaneurysm arising as a complication of corrosive poisoning presenting with hematemesis and treated by glue embolisation. The authors believe this to be the first case of intercostal artery pseudoaneurysm that is non‑traumatic, complicating corrosive poisoning and presenting with hematemesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]