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Copyright of Turkish Journal of Research & Development in Nursing / Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi is the property of Association for Research & Development in Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Research & Development in Nursing / Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi is the property of Association for Research & Development in Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Context: During labor, conscious maternal expulsive efforts are crucial, especially in the second stage. Contemporarily, medical professional's bedside observations indicate an inadequacy in the maternal contribution to the process of delivery that has led to increased rates of caesarean sections and interventional deliveries. For that reason, the importance of yoga, meditation, and breath-awareness practices increases during pregnancy and birth., Objective: The study intended to examine the impact on the delivery process of the practice of yoga and meditation during pregnancy and labor., Design: The research team designed a randomized controlled trial., Setting: The research was conducted between October 2016 and May 2018 at an educational and research hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, on the Anatolian side of the Istanbul province., Participants: Participants were 90 primiparous pregnant women who applied to the pregnancy school at the hospital and who met the criteria for acceptance into the study., Intervention: The participants was randomly divided into two groups, 30 in an intervention group and 60 in a control group. The intervention group performed yoga and meditation for 60 minutes two times a week for 10 weeks. Yoga and meditation practices also occurred during the course of labor for the intervention group. Routine midwifery care was given to both groups during labor., Outcome Measures: The data were collected using: (1) the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), (2) the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire A, (3) the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Scale (CBSEI) Short Form, (4) the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version B, and (5) a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain., Results: When the labor data were evaluated, the intervention group had statistically higher vaginal delivery rates, lower labor intervention rates and episiotomy opening frequencies, lower pain measurement scores and WIJMA B scores, and higher CBSEI scores than the control group. However, the intervention group's STAI scores had increased significantly after the practice post intervention., Conclusions: Yoga and meditation are effective methods for reducing pain and fear perception and increasing self-efficacy and vaginal delivery rates during the labor process.

It was aimed to determine the effect of continuous technique for repair of episiotomy and spontaneous tear repair compared to interrupted suture technique for perineal pain and dyspareunia. The research was completed with the total 56 cases. It was found in the research that continuous suture technique used in the perineal trauma repair resulted in less perineal pain, less analgesia need, better wound healing, shorter repair time, less material use during rest and daily activities in the early postpartum period compared to the interrupted suture technique. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of having dyspareunia.

Objective: To assess the effects of relaxation exercises on subjective sleep quality of in third-trimester pregnant women., Materials and Methods: The pretest posttest randomized controlled trial recruited 84 pregnant women in the third trimester. Following random assignment of subjects, the treatment group (n = 46) performed relaxation exercises for four weeks and the control group (n = 46) received standart cares. At baseline and after the intervention sleep quality was assessed. Data obtained were analyzed in SPSS., Results: The mean score of the global Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was 7.12 ± 3.66. It was determined that relaxation exercises improved some sleep quality subscales including subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration and habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction and global sleep quality. The difference between the two groups was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: A four -week compact disc guide relaxation exercises program can be effective in improving sleep quality., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)., Subjects and Setting: The sample was drawn from community-dwelling women in the province of Istanbul who were cared for in the diabetes outpatient clinic of Istanbul Medical School between January and June 2012. Two hundred forty-nine women with DM were compared to 255 women without DM cared for in the obstetrics and gynecology department of the same university hospital. The mean ages of the groups were 55.1 and 53.7 years, respectively., Methods: Participants completed a questionnaire that queried sociodemographic and clinical characteristics; the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms-Short Form (BFLUTS-SF) was used to evaluate LUTS. The questionnaire required 10 to 15 minutes to complete; participants completed the questionnaire in a private room of each of the respective outpatient clinics., Results: No statistically significant differences were found when groups (women with and without DM) were compared based on age and cigarette smoking (P > .05). In contrast, BMI scores were significantly higher in the women with DM (P < .001). The cumulative BFLUTS scores and the filling and incontinence symptoms subscale sores (P < .001) were significantly higher in women with DM. No differences were observed in voiding symptoms (P = .347), sexual function (P = .380), and health-related quality of life (P = .142) subscale scores. The prevalence of storage symptoms nocturia, voiding frequency, urge incontinence, stress incontinence, frequency of incontinent episodes were higher among women with DM. In addition, women with DM were more likely to report the need to change clothing because of urinary leakage, effect of incontinence on daily tasks, and overall interference with daily activities of living., Conclusions: Women with type 2 DM are more likely to experience LUTS as compared to women without DM. Women with type 2 DM should routinely be assessed for LUTS.

Background: Although it is known that lifestyle behaviors of pregnant women are closely related to maternal and fetal health, number of data concerning efficacy of intervention on lifestyle during pregnancy is limited. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of lifestyle interventions on improving dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors, ensuring gestational weight gain (GWG) within recommended levels and limiting postpartum weight retention (PWR)., Methods: The study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial in a family health center located in Istanbul, Turkey, between June 2011 and July 2012. The primary outcomes were GWG, and the proportion of pregnant women whose GWG was within the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. One hundred two pregnant women with gestation ≤12 weeks, age ≥18 years, gravidity ≤2, and who did not intend to lose weight in prepregnancy period were randomly included in this study as intervention (n = 51) and control (n = 51) groups. The study was completed with 45 women for each group. The control group received routine antenatal care. The intervention group was received an individualized lifestyle intervention focusing on healthy lifestyle, diet, exercise, and weight monitoring as four sessions at 12-15, 16-18, 20-24, and 37 weeks gestation. Lifestyle behaviors were evaluated with Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II. Dietary habits were assessed by 3-day dietary recalls, and weight was followed from pregnancy until 6 weeks postpartum., Results: The lifestyle interventions had a significant effect on improving lifestyle behaviors, protein intake, percentage of energy from protein, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and vegetable intakes when adjusted for confounders (p < 0.05). The proportion of women who were within the IOM recommendations was higher in the intervention group (51.1 %) than in the control group (28.9 %) The odds ratio for GWG within IOM was statistically significant between the groups (OR = 0.59, 95 % CI, 0.45-0.72). There were no difference between groups in terms of the other dietary intakes, total GWG, and PWR (p > 0.05)., Conclusions: Lifestyle intervention improves the lifestyle behaviors during pregnancy and increases the appropriate GWG for prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), but it has a limited effect in terms of improving dietary habits and has no effect on PWR.

The aim of this study was to evaluate awareness, knowledge, and risk perception about human papillomavirus (HPV), cervical cancer, and HPV vaccines among undergraduate students in Turkey. The convenience sample of this descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of 605 undergraduate students in Istanbul University during a semester. Demographic characteristics of students, their reproductive health and lifestyle behaviors, and knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine were questioned using self-administered forms. The overall proportion of students who had heard about HPV infection was 48.8%, while the proportion of students who had heard of the HPV vaccine was 44.5%. Forty eight percent of females and 60% of males reported never having heard of the HPV. Only 45.7% of females had knowledge about HPV as a cause of genital warts, and 58.1% correctly indicated that HPV caused cervical cancer. The majority of students in both genders (>80%) knew that the infection is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse. Females were more concerned than males about having cervical/penile cancer associated with HPV in the future. Only 46.4% of females and 39% of males reported having heard of the HPV vaccine. The majority of the female and male students did not know who should get the HPV vaccine and when to get vaccinated. Among males, 25.8% reported that they would consider getting vaccinated (if available) and 38.4% intended to vaccinate their children. Turkish undergraduate students had a low to moderate level of knowledge regarding HPV infection and HPV vaccine. In order to increase awareness about HPV and develop positive behaviors, young people should be provided with accurate information through educational activities in the community and health care services.

Aims and Objectives: To investigate the risk-taking behaviours and beliefs about fertility among university students in Turkey., Background: Young people are usually ignorant about reproductive health and engage in risky practices., Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study., Methods: The convenience sample of the study was consisted of 1030 undergraduate students. Data were collected using a self-administered question form, and students' reproductive health and lifestyle behaviours related with infertility, their beliefs about the risk factors and fertility myths were questioned., Results: The mean age of the students was 20.4 (SD = 2) and ranged between the ages of 16-37. Sexual activity rate was higher among men and 47% of men had more than one sexual partner. Condom use rate was low among women. Underweight was more common among women, while overweight was seen more among men. Students mostly did not exercise regularly. Alcohol was not common, and the rates of smoking were 15% and 23% for women and men, respectively. Only 35-50% of students thought that smoking, alcohol, stress, sexually transmitted diseases, infections, pollution, chemicals, radiation and cancer treatment could be risk factors for fertility. Advanced age and obesity were seen as risk factors for women. Of the students, 50-65% believed that having more than one sexual partner, being underweight, high-level exercise, excessive caffeine, chronic disease and medications could not have an effect on fertility. Women were more concerned about being infertile, and half of students believed that infertility is preventable., Conclusion: Turkish university students have insufficient knowledge of reproductive health, and they have false beliefs that might affect their risk perception or views about fertility., Relevance to Clinical Practice: Reproductive healthcare services for young adults should be made more widespread and accessible, and nurses, health providers and instructors should be supportive of them in these matters., (© 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Young people are affected to a higher extent by early and unprotected sexual relations in Turkey. They do not have healthy sexual attitudes, are ignorant about reproductive health and engage in risky practices and behavior. It is therefore necessary to provide effective and confidential reproductive health services to young people., Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the reproductive health behaviors of male and female university students., Methods: This descriptive study was conducted between January and May 2008. The study population was composed of university students from Istanbul University, Florence Nightingale Nursing High School, Faculty of Forestry and Department of Science Teachers' Training, as well as students residing at the Students Dormitory of the Regional Directory of Forestry. Questionnaires were distributed in envelopes during the breaks in the university buildings, cafeterias and in the dormitories. Completed questionnaires were also collected under cover in envelopes. The data were collected by four students from the nursing school., Results: A total of 647 students were enrolled. Among the participants, 75% (N = 490) were female students and 24.3% (N = 157) were male students. The mean age was 21.38 (SD = 1.92). The rate of sexually active participants was 26% (N = 169) and the rate of participants who masturbated was 36% (N = 233). The rate of using a family planning method was determined as 25% (N = 163) and the most frequently used family planning method was use of condoms (67.4%). The rate of pregnancy was determined as 1.5% and the rate of abortion was 1.4%. In 69% of the students, the main source of knowledge on sexuality was the internet. The rate of students stating that sexually transmitted diseases are transmitted by sexual intercourse and via blood was 72.6%, and the percentage of students who were vaccinated against Hepatitis B was 61.8%., Conclusion: Twenty-six percent of the students are sexually active and students are unable to reach information on reproduction and sexual health through reliable sources. These results indicate the need for organization of health education programs for university students with regard to reproductive and sexual health.

Aim: This article is a report of a study of the extent of postpartum sexual dysfunction associated with perineal trauma., Background: Sexual health problems are common in the postpartum period but despite this it is a topic that lacks professional recognition. After delivery, many women experience reduced sexual desire and reduced vaginal lubrication, as well as weaker and shorter orgasms., Methods: Women giving birth in the study hospital between 2005 and 2006 and meeting the inclusion criteria were studied, i.e. women at low-risk who expected vaginal delivery at over 38 weeks' gestation with a single foetus in the vertex position. One hundred and sixty-five women were invited for postpartum check-ups 3 months later and 55 attended. A detailed gynaecologic examination was carried out and the perineum was carefully inspected by the same physician. Questionnaires were administered and 20-minute face-to-face interviews were carried out to compare the women's sexual lives before pregnancy and after giving birth., Findings: Compared to women with intact perineum, those who had both episiotomy and second degree perineal tears, had lower levels of libido, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction and more pain during intercourse. The presence of at least one sexual problem (reduced sexual desire, reduced vaginal arousal, reduced vaginal lubrication, reduced frequency of orgasm, dissatisfaction with sexual life and dyspareunia) was statistically significant more common after birth., Conclusion: Limiting perineal trauma during delivery is important for the resumption of sexual intercourse after childbirth. Routine episiotomy and fundal pressure should be avoided to prevent perineal trauma., (© 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)