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We are interested in the optimal growth in terms of $L^p$-averages of hypercyclic and $\mathcal{U}$-frequently hypercyclic functions for some weighted Taylor shift operators acting on the space of analytic function on the unit disc. We unify the results obtained by considering intermediate notions of upper frequent hypercyclicity between the $\mathcal{U}$-frequent hypercyclicity and the hypercyclicity.

Background The rate of growth of primary melanoma is a robust predictor of aggressiveness, but the mutational profile of fast-growing melanomas (FGMM) and the potential to stratify patients at high risk of death has not been comprehensively studied. Objective To investigate the epidemiologic, clinical, and mutational profile of primary cutaneous melanomas with a thickness ≥ 1 mm, stratified by rate of growth. Methods Observational prospective study. Deep-targeted sequencing of 40 melanoma driver genes on formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded primary melanoma samples. Comparison of FGMM (rate of growth > 0.5 mm/month) and nonFGMM (rate of growth ≤ 0.5 mm/month). Results Two hundred patients were enrolled, among wom 70 had FGMM. The relapse-free survival was lower in the FGMM group (P = .014). FGMM had a higher number of predicted deleterious mutations within the 40 genes than nonFGMM (P = .033). Ulceration (P = .032), thickness (P = .006), lower sun exposure (P = .049), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) mutations (P = .037) were significantly associated with fast growth. Limitations Single-center study, cohort size, potential memory bias, number of investigated genes. Conclusion Fast growth is linked to specific tumor biology and environmental factors. Ulceration, thickness, and FGFR2 mutations are associated with fast growth. Screening for FGFR2 mutations might provide an additional tool to better identify FGMM, which are probably good candidates for adjuvant therapies.

In this present paper, we introduce and explore certain new classes of uniformly convex and starlike functions related to the Liu–Owa integral operator. We explore various properties and characteristics, such as coefficient estimates, rate of growth, distortion result, radii of close-to-convexity, starlikeness, convexity, and Hadamard product. It is important to mention that our results are a generalization of the number of existing results in the literature.

Brazil’s leadership in soybean and maize production depends on predictable rainfall in the Amazon-Cerrado agricultural frontier. Here we assess whether agricultural expansion and intensification in the region are approaching a climatic limit to rainfed production. We show that yields decline in years with unusually low rainfall or high aridity during the early stages of crop development—a pattern observed in rainfed and irrigated areas alike. Although agricultural expansion and intensification have increased over time, dry–hot weather during drought events has slowed their rate of growth. Recent regional warming and drying already have pushed 28% of current agricultural lands out of their optimum climate space. We project that 51% of the region’s agriculture will move out of that climate space by 2030 and 74% by 2060. Although agronomic adaptation strategies may relieve some of these impacts, maintaining native vegetation is a critical part of the solution for stabilizing the regional climate. Soybean and maize yields in the Amazon-Cerrado region of Brazil are dependent on water from rain. Warming and drying will make the climate less suitable for agricultural production; changes have already moved 28% of croplands out of their optimum climate space.

The initial phase of a temperature growth in different parts of the Earth has been examined. It is found that climate warming in the continental areas began 6–8 years earlier than in the oceanic areas. Climate warming in the sub-polar cyclonic circulation area in the North Atlantic has been started only after the beginning of the positive quasi-30-year phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), i. e. since 2000s. On the basis of the Singular Spectrum Analysis of the air temperature time series the continental areas are found, in which summer air temperature changes are synchronous with AMO on a decadal scale. In those regions, climate warming began with a 10–15 year lag in comparison to other continental areas. The highest level of statistical significance of the correlation between quasi-60-year AMO components and summer air temperatures is observed in Central and Eastern Europe (35–60° N, 10–45° E). This oscillation explains the decadal summer temperature changes within the range of ±(0.5–0.6) °C in Belarus. Climate warming intensifies in summer during the ascending AMO segment, while during the descending segment, which has started since around 2010, the decrease in the rate of growth of summer temperatures should be expected.

Objective: The authors examined access to care among persons with serious mental illness during the pandemic and disparities in use of virtual care among this population versus among individuals with other psychiatric diagnoses. Methods: Data from the Veterans Health Administration were used to examine whether the number of visits for serious mental illness differed for January-September 2019 versus the same period in 2020. Mixed-effects regression analyses tested whether the post-COVID-19 rate of growth in virtual care differed for people with serious mental illnesses versus those with other diagnoses. Results: Fewer visits for serious mental illnesses occurred during the initial weeks of the pandemic but not subsequently. The rate of growth in video visits during 2020 was slower for serious mental illnesses than for other psychiatric diagnoses. Conclusions: Several months after the pandemic's start, the total number of visits for serious mental illnesses was similar to 2019; however, adoption of video care was slower than for other psychiatric diagnoses.

OBJECTIVE In a 2014 analysis of orthopedic and neurological surgical case logs published by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), it was reported that graduating neurosurgery residents performed more than twice the number of spinal procedures in their training compared with graduating orthopedic residents. There has, however, been no follow-up assessment of this trend. Moreover, whether this gap in case volume equates to a similar gap in procedural hours has remained unstudied. Given the association between surgical volume and outcomes, evaluating the status of this disparity has value. Here, the authors assess trends in case volume and procedural hours in adult spine surgery for graduating orthopedic and neurological surgery residents from 2014 to 2019. METHODS A retrospective analysis of ACGME case logs from 2014 to 2019 for graduating orthopedic and neurological surgery residents was conducted for adult spine surgeries. Case volume was converted to operative hours by using periprocedural times from the 2019 Medicare/Medicaid Physician Fee Schedule. Graduating residents’ spinal cases and hours, averaged over the study period, were compared between the two specialties by using 2-tailed Welch’s unequal variances t-tests (α = 0.05). Longitudinal trends in each metric were assessed by linear regression followed by cross-specialty comparisons via tests for equality of slopes. RESULTS From 2014 to 2019, graduating neurosurgical residents logged 6.8 times as many spinal cases as their orthopedic counterparts, accruing 431.6 (95% CI 406.49–456.61) and 63.8 (95% CI 57.08–70.56) cases (p < 0.001), respectively. Accordingly, graduating neurosurgical residents logged 6.1 times as many spinal procedural hours as orthopedic surgery residents, accruing 1020.7 (95% CI 964.70–1076.64) and 166.6 (95% CI 147.76–185.35) hours (p < 0.001), respectively. Over these 5 years, both fields saw a linear increase in graduating residents’ adult spinal case volumes and procedural hours, and these growth rates were higher for neurosurgery (+16.2 cases/year vs +4.4 cases/year, p < 0.001; +36.4 hours/year vs +12.4 hours/year, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Graduating neurosurgical residents accumulated substantially greater adult spinal case volumes and procedural hours than their orthopedic counterparts from 2014 to 2019. This disparity has been widened by a higher rate of growth in adult spinal cases among neurosurgery residents. Accordingly, targeted efforts to increase spinal exposure for orthopedic surgery residents—such as using cross-specialty collaboration—should be explored.

For any [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be the Lüroth expansion of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study the relative convergence speed of its convergents [Formula: see text] to the rate of growth of digits in the Lüroth expansion of an irrational number. For any [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], the sets [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are proved to be of same Hausdorff dimension [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, for any [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], the Hausdorff dimension of the set [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] is proved to be either [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] according as [Formula: see text] or not.

We are interested in the optimal growth in terms of $L^p$-averages of hypercyclic and $\mathcal{U}$-frequently hypercyclic functions for some weighted Taylor shift operators acting on the space of analytic function on the unit disc. We unify the results obtained by considering intermediate notions of upper frequent hypercyclicity between the $\mathcal{U}$-frequent hypercyclicity and the hypercyclicity.

The paper criticizes the so-called Ricardian Equivalence (RE) and its implications for the analysis of the problem of the public debt. The RE hinges on a view of the economic role of the state as merely parasitic and on an unwarranted extension of the micro-economic analysis of debts to the macro-economic level. The RE is at the heart of the mainstream approach to the public debt and the policies that indicate the running of primary surpluses as the only way to stabilize its ratio to GDP. The paper suggests a different ‘non-Ricardian’ approach in which the state is not a mere parasite. The government, by restructuring its expenditure, can contribute to raise the economy’s rate of growth and ensure a stable and sustainable ratio of the public debt to GDP, without necessarily running primary surpluses.

Background: Understanding the dynamics of epidemiologic trends in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) and their epidemiologic causes is vital to providing important insights into reducing the burden associated with these conditions. Objective: To model the time trends in age-adjusted AD/ADRD prevalence and incidence-based mortality (IBM), and identify the main causes of the changes in these measures over time in terms of interpretable epidemiologic quantities. Methods: Trend decomposition was applied to a 5%sample of Medicare beneficiaries between 1991 and 2017. Results: Prevalence of AD was increasing between 1992 and 2011 and declining thereafter, while IBM increased over the study period with a significant slowdown in its rate of growth from 2011 onwards. For ADRD, prevalence and IBM increased through 2014 prior to taking a downwards turn. The primary determinant responsible for declines in prevalence and IBM was the deceleration in the increase and eventual decrease in incidence rates though changes in relative survival began to affect the overall trends in prevalence/IBM in a noticeable manner after 2008. Other components showed only minor effects. Conclusion: The prevalence and IBM of ADRD is expected to continue to decrease. The directions of these trends for AD are not clear because AD incidence, the main contributing component, is decreasing but at a decreasing rate suggesting a possible reversal. Furthermore, emerging treatments may contribute through their effects on survival. Improving ascertainment of AD played an important role in trends of AD/ADRD over the 1991-2009/10 period but this effect has exhausted itself by 2017.

Background and Study Aim. The work aim is to develop and experimentally test the combined impact method performance in the preparatory period of the annual macrocycle of 18–19 year old volleyball players (girls). Material and Methods. The study involved volleyball players (girls) aged 18–19 years old (n = 24, training experience – 9 years). Volleyball players (girls) were divided into control (n = 12) and experimental (n = 12) groups. Results. The method contributed to a higher rate of growth of most parameters of special readiness among volleyball players (girls) of the experimental group. A significant improvement in special readiness (p, Предпосылки и цель исследования. Целью работы является разработка и экспериментальная проверка эффективности комбинированного метода воздействия в подготовительном периоде годичного макроцикла волейболисток 18-19 лет (девушек). Материал и методы. В исследовании принимали участие волейболистки (девушки) в возрасте 18-19 лет (n = 24, стаж тренировок - 9 лет). Волейболистки (девушки) были разделены на контрольную (n = 12) и экспериментальную (n = 12) группы. Результаты. Метод способствовал повышению темпов роста большинства параметров особой подготовленности среди волейболисток (девушек) экспериментальной группы. Выявлено значительное улучшение специальной готовности (р, Передумови та мета дослідження. Метою роботи є розробка та експериментальна перевірка ефективності комбінованого методу впливу в підготовчому періоді річного макроциклу волейболісток 18–19 років (дівчат). Матеріал та методи. У дослідженні брали участь волейболістки (дівчата) у віці 18–19 років (n = 24, стаж тренувань - 9 років). Волейболістки (дівчата) були розділені на контрольну (n = 12) та експериментальну (n = 12) групи. Результати. Метод сприяв підвищенню темпів зростання більшості параметрів особливої ​​підготовленості серед волейболісток (дівчат) експериментальної групи. Виявлено значне поліпшення спеціальної готовності (р

Research Findings: This study examined the extent to which children’s development and growth in oral language and literacy skills during the early childhood period predicted writing ability in the ...

Bonga sheep is one among the known indigenous sheep breeds in Ethiopia with a high rate of growth and weight gain under smallholder management. To enhance the sheep productivity, 16 Bonga sheep bre...

Manchester experienced an astonishing rate of growth from the late 18th century to become the first industrial town in the world by the 1830s. Its industrial prowess was fuelled by remarkable engineering talent that was drawn from across the country, coupled with the migration of workers on a scale that was unprecedented and unforeseen. The living conditions, sanitation and health of the burgeoning ranks of urban poor had become a pressing issue for social concern in many towns by the mid-19th century, and the introduction of public baths and wash-houses was an early attempt at redress. These important facilities represented the first civil-engineering projects that were implemented explicitly for the poor, and some of the earliest in the country were established in Manchester and Salford by private enterprise and combined innovative technology with impressive architectural detailing that exuded civic pride, setting a high standard for later swimming baths. Several of these pioneering public baths have been subject to archaeological excavation since 2014, making an important contribution to understanding this significant but dwindling monument type.

One way to break the chain of the spread of Covid 19 is by limiting interaction with the community which is applied to inhibit the rate of growth in various fields of life, both in the economic, social and of course education. The government's decision to dismiss students, move the teaching and learning process at school to be at home. Some local governments decided to implement a policy of laying off and starting to implement online learning (online) or through an online system. The temporary closure of educational institutions to contain the spread of the Covid 19 pandemic in Indonesia nationally has an impact on millions of students. Disturbances in the learning process directly between students and teachers and the cancellation of learning assessments have an impact on the psychology of students and reduce the quality of students' learning skills. This article aims to identify the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic on teaching conducted by teachers. This study shows that there are several obstacles experienced by students, teachers and parents in learning activities, namely the mastery of technology is still lacking, the addition of internet communication quota costs for students, parents and teachers is reduced; and unlimited working hours for teachers because they have to communicate and coordinate with parents, other teachers and school principals. Keywords: Pandemic covid 19, Online Teaching

We consider the design of the optimal dynamic policy for a firm subject to moral hazard problems. With respect to the existing literature we enrich the model by introducing durable capital with partial irreversibility, which makes the size of the firm a state variable. This allows us to analyze the role of fi rm's size, separately from age and financial structure. We show that a higher level of capital decreases the probability of liquidation and increases the future size of the firm. Although analytical results are not available, we show through simulations that, conditional on size, the rate of growth of the fi rm, its variability and the variability of the probability of liquidation decline with age. Sin financiación 2.250 JCR (2021) Q2, 178/381 Economics 3.037 SJR (2021) Q1, 45/708 Economics and Econometrics No data IDR 2021 UEM

PurposeThe emergence of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has had a tremendous impact on the world, and the characteristics of its evolution need to be better understood.Design/methodology/approachTo explore the changes of cases and control them effectively, this paper analyzes and models the fluctuation and dynamic characteristics of the daily growth rate based on the data of newly confirmed cases around the world. Based on the data, the authors identify the inflection points and analyze the causes of the new daily confirmed cases and deaths worldwide.FindingsThe study found that the growth sequence of the number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases per day has a significant cluster of fluctuations. The impact of previous fluctuations in the future is gradually attenuated and shows a relatively gentle long-term downward trend. There are four inflection points in the global time series of new confirmed cases and the number of deaths per day. And these inflection points show the state of an accelerated rise, a slowdown in the rate of decline, a slowdown in the rate of growth and an accelerated decline in turn.Originality/valueThis paper has a certain guiding and innovative significance for the dynamic research of COVID-19 cases in the world.

A high-performance protocol for callus induction was devised using germinating mature embryos of two local wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces as explant. The results showed that callus development from germinating embryos was rapid starting one day after culture with an induction rate 20 to 25% higher than those of soaked embryos. In addition, the mean rate of growth of callus developed from germinating embryos was 60 to 70% higher than those cultured from soaked embryos. This study also demonstrated a higher frequency of green spots formation(48 to 56%)on callus derived from germinating embryos compared to their soaked counterpart (24 to 28%), suggesting a better differentiation potential of callus cultures derived from germinating embryo. These findings indicate that germinating mature embryo is more suitable explant for wheat callus induction and regeneration than the soaked mature embryo commonly employed for wheat callus culture.

Objective To report two rare cases of medulloblastoma in pregnant patients and a review of the literature. Material and methods Report of patients diagnosed with medulloblastoma during their pregnancies, who were treated with surgery and adjuvant therapy. We also reviewed other cases reported in the literature and the association made with hormonal receptors. Results Brain tumors in coincidence with pregnancy are unusual, and the incidence of medulloblastoma in pregnancy is still rarer. We found 8 cases of medulloblastomas diagnosed during pregnancy. Reports suggest that hormonal changes and increases in the levels of growth factors and angiogenic factors during pregnancy influence the rate of growth of brain tumors (not only medulloblastomas but also meningiomas or glial tumors). Conclusions The uniqueness of these cases is their rarity. The symptoms are usually masked by the symptoms of pregnancy. At present, there is still little evidence regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of medulloblastoma in pregnancy.

The study explored whether fast-growth cities in Texas were able to retain their existing level of park supply over a 12-year period between 2008 and 2020. Directors of 50 Texas cities were surveyed in each of those years. Analyses showed the ratio of parks per thousand people was significantly lower in 2020 than in 2008. Correlation results suggested the higher the rate of growth, the more challenging it is for cities to retain their existing levels of service. The negative impact of growth was significantly mitigated in cities that had a parkland dedication ordinance. The results suggest there is a significant probability there will be a decline in parks provision in fast-growth cities, but the finding that there was no decline in 30% of cities in this sample offers a source of encouragement.Subscribe to JPRA

We study the behaviour of a natural measure defined on the leaves of the genealogical tree of some branching processes, namely self-similar growth-fragmentation processes. Each particle, or cell, is attributed a positive mass that evolves in continuous time according to a positive self-similar Markov process and gives birth to children at negative jumps events. We are interested in the asymptotics of the mass of the ball centered at the root, as its radius decreases to 0. We obtain the almost sure behaviour of this mass when the Eve cell starts with a strictly positive size. This differs from the situation where the Eve cell grows indefinitely from size 0. In this case, we show that, when properly rescaled, the mass of the ball converges in distribution towards a non-degenerate random variable. We then derive bounds describing the almost sure behaviour of the rescaled mass. Those results are applied to certain random surfaces, exploiting the connection between growth-fragmentations and random planar maps obtained in (Probab. Theory Related Fields 172 (2018) 663???724). This allows us to extend a result of Le Gall (Ann. Inst. Henri Poincar?? Probab. Stat. 55 (2019) 237???313) on the volume of a free Brownian disk close to its boundary, to a larger family of stable disks. The upper bound of the mass of a typical ball in the Brownian map is refined, and we obtain a lower bound as well.

Objective This study aimed to explore the development of working conditions within and between occupations in the Swedish labor market from 1997 to 2015 and whether any polarization in working conditions concurrently occurred between occupations. Methods Cross-sectional data from ten waves of the Swedish Work Environment Surveys (1997–2015) were used and an aggregated occupational-level dataset was created using the Swedish Standard Classification of Occupations. To capture the patterns of change in working conditions over time (ie, growth), growth curve modeling was used to identify the starting points for 89 occupations (intercepts) as well as both the shape (functional form) and rate of growth (slope) over time. Results The Swedish labor market was stable overall, with some small, mainly positive, changes in job demands and resources. Different occupations developed in divergent directions, but there was no evidence of polarization. Conclusions The findings indicate that macro-level stability can hide highly heterogeneous patterns of change among different occupational groups. This type of analysis, taking context into account, could be valuable for decision makers intending to improve the work environment.

We model a stable population that has experienced an important historical event and the declining proportion, as time passes, of the population that remembers that event. The proportion is determined by the demographic characteristics of the population, including its age distribution, the natural rate of growth, the underlying birth rate, the life table probabilities to which the population is subject, and the effects of immigration and emigration under alternative assumptions about the nature of the event. (We distinguish between “local” and “universal” events.) It is determined also by the choice of an age of awareness of children at the time the event occurred. We preface development of the model by noting examples of major events of the kind we have in mind and, after development, explore the model's sensitivity to different parameter specifications by experimental simulation. The output of each experiment is a sequence of “remembering” proportions at successive decade intervals and the corresponding mean ages of the “rememberers” in relation to the overall mean age of the population.

Culex mosquitoes usually lay their eggs in form of a raft with up to 100 to 400 eggs. This eggs hatch at the same time to release first instar larva which molts four times, pupate and finally become adults. In the present study, it was observed that emergence of adults follow a well-defined pattern which depends on the sex of the emerging mosquito. The pattern followed by emerging males could be described as a logarithmic function of the emergence time at 24 hours interval. Female emergence could best be described as a power function of emergence time when compared to the exponential function model, both at 24 hours interval. A difference in the rate of growth and development which may exist between the male and female immature stages of the species was proposed as a cause of the pattern. Insights from the data shows that the pattern reduces the frequency of successful mating that may occur between offspring of same parent hatched at same time. In a complex breeding environment, there is a higher chance that successful mating will occur between offspring of different parents hatched at different time, thus it could be said that the pattern promotes genetic diversity within the species.

BACKGROUND The rate of growth for male cosmetic treatments has slowed in the past 5 years. There is limited data on why men may not seek cosmetic treatments. OBJECTIVE To evaluate women's perspectives on male cosmetic treatments. METHODS Heterosexual female patients (single (n = 64); in a relationship/married (IR/M) (n = 136)) completed an online survey. RESULTS 87.5% of single and 36.03% of IR/M women reported that men are bothered by signs of aging (p < .0001). However, both single and IR/M women reported that men are interested in (single: 77.78%, IR/M: 65.44%) and will benefit (single: 93.55%, IR/M: 67.31%) from cosmetic procedures. Both groups of women (single: 93.75%, IR/M: 83.82%, p < .0530) indicated, however, that men are reluctant to seek cosmetic treatments. Societal stigma/perception of masculinity was the number one cited reason (single: 87.1.75%, IR/M: 73.02%, p < .0264). However, 87.5% of single and 94.86% of IR/M women (p = .0659) reported that male cosmetic treatments will not affect their perceptions of masculinity. Furthermore, 95% of women (single: 95.31%, IR/M: 95.59%, p = .9292) reported that they will support their partners from pursuing cosmetic treatments. CONCLUSION Women strongly believe that men can benefit from cosmetic treatments, do not believe cosmetic treatments affect masculinity, and are overwhelmingly supportive of male cosmetic treatments.

The paper investigates whether productivity growth is affected by the rate of growth of income and by that of employment for a representative sample of Latin American countries from the 1980s to th...

In this paper, we consider a predator–prey model with Beddington–DeAngelis functional response. Considering the predator’s rate of growth and death is much lower than that of prey’s, the model becomes a slow–fast system that mathematically leads to a singular perturbation problem. Using geometric singular perturbation theory due to Fenichel and blow up technique, we have investigated the system and obtained very rich and complicated dynamical phenomena including the existence of relaxation oscillation, canard cycles near the Hopf bifurcation point and the interesting phenomenon of canard explosion.

US health care spending increased 4.6 percent to reach $3.8 trillion in 2019, similar to the rate of growth of 4.7 percent in 2018. The share of the economy devoted to health care spending was 17.7 percent in 2019 compared with 17.6 percent in 2018. In 2019 faster growth in spending for hospital care, physician and clinical services, and retail purchases of prescription drugs-which together accounted for 61 percent of total national health spending-was offset mainly by expenditures for the net cost of health insurance, which were lower because of the suspension of the health insurance tax in 2019.

This paper investigates sample paths properties of φ-sub-Gaussian processes by means of entropy methods. Basing on a particular entropy integral, we treat the questions on continuity and the rate of growth of sample paths. The obtained results are then used to investigate the sample paths properties for a particular class of φ-sub-Gaussian processes related to the random heat equation. We derive the estimates for the distribution of suprema of such processes and evaluate their rate of growth.

The market nowadays, due to the rapid changes happening in the technologies requires a high level of interaction between the educators and the fresher coming to going the market. The demand for IT-related jobs in the market is higher than all other fields, In this paper, we are going to discuss the survival analysis in the market of parallel two programming languages Python and R . Data sets are growing large and the traditional methods are not capable enough of handling the large data sets, therefore, we tried to use the latest data mining techniques through python and R programming language. It took several months of effort to gather such an amount of data and process it with the data mining techniques using python and R but the results showed that both languages have the same rate of growth over the past years.

Energy industry and coal mining produce large amounts of mining waste. The material is accumulated on dumps and heaps which alter the landscape appearance. As the material is waste from mining, there are concerns from possible environmental contamination. On the other hand, some scientific publications mention favorable properties of this material and claim that it can be possibly used for example in land reclamation. This research is focused on the testing of phytotoxicity of samples collected from mining waste heaps. The pH values of tested samples ranged from 7.00 to 8.67. In the phytotoxicity tests, vital seeds of plants Sinapis alba. L., Hordeum vulgare L., and Cannabis sativa L. were used. The tests did not exhibit high phytotoxicity. Contrariwise, many results showed a high rate of growth stimulation (nearly 80%). Average values (median) of growth inhibition observed in individual samples for all three plant species in the share of 100% (with no addition of OECD soil) ranged from −13.96% to −33.73%. The obtained results can confirm the positive properties of mining waste in terms of phytotoxicity, resp. the experiments did not confirm the phytotoxic effects on the tested plants. Mining waste/material could have a positive effect on plants and thanks to its properties it could be used e.g., in land reclamation.

In [3] , [4] the authors found formulas for the number of spanning 2-forests (equivalently for the resistance distance) between any pair of vertices in a “straight linear 2-tree” and in a “linear 2-tree with a single bend.” The main result of this paper generalizes these formulas to linear 2-trees with any number of bends. We also give alternative and perhaps more transparent versions of these formulas in terms of block matrices. As an application we find the resistance distance between the extremal vertices of the “corrugated linear 2-tree” and use this result to determine its asymptotic rate of growth as the number of vertices goes to infinity. Finally we note that our formulas give a different way to determine all the resistance distances in a “fan graph.”

The studies were performed in pigs obtained by commercial cross-breeding under conditions of pig-breeding complex of Agricultural Open Joint-Stock Company Agrokombinat Kalyta. 115 crossbred breeding sows (Big White x Landras) – of similar age and development – were selected for the study; they were mated with purebred Big White boars. Three groups by five animals were selected from these breeding sows by pregnancy duration. The first one (control group, the pregnancy duration was the farm average) – 112-116 days; the second one (study group, reduced pregnancy duration) – 103-111 days; the third one (study group, extended pregnancy duration) – 117-120 days. The authors studied the growth duration and hematological parameters of these breeding sows’ offsprings after ablactation until the end of fattening. The piglets were ablactated at the age of 26 days. The young stock were fed with dry feed stuff according to the conventional technology. The feed level for the pigs of all groups was the same. The pigs were weighted upon birth at 1, 2, 4, 6 months, and the relative weight gain and actual growth rate of the pigs were determined by Shmalgauzen and Brody formula. Hematological tests were performed at the age of 2, 4 and 6 months in four animals from each group (two gilts and two boars). Blood for tests was collected from auricular veins before feeding. Red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration were measured by hemascope, total protein, albumin and globulins were measured refractometrically. It has been established that the piglets obtained from the breeding sows with reduced pregnancy duration had the lowest body weight at birth, and the piglets obtained from the extended pregnancy had the highest body weight. From the age of two months, the young stock with the reduced embryonic growth duration were superior to the age-mates with the average and extended pregnancy in terms of body weight. The animals with reduced embryonic growth duration had higher relative weight gain and the actual growth rate factor, which characterizes their high growth intensity. The pigs obtained at commercial cross-breeding with different embryonic development duration had different blood composition. Thus, the piglets with reduced and average embryonic growth duration, had higher red blood cells count, hemoglobin and total protein content. Higher hematological indicators in pigs with reduced embryonic period coincide with the period of their higher growth energy which indicates the interrelation between the intensity of the animals’ growth and the red blood cell count, hemoglobin and total protein in blood. Therefore, the embryonic development period reduction positively affects the growth energy, that is associated with improved hematological indicators, which is advisable to consider in pigs selection program.

This commentary identifies and characterizes correction and erratum in COVID-19 publications with a scientometric approach by considering their rate of growth, reasons for correction, the time-span between publishing the original and corrected versions, as well as their citation status in four questions. It also suggestions to solve the current issues regarding indexing, retrieving, publishing, and research evaluation.

Tungro is a disease of rice plant (Oryza sativa) caused by tungro rice plant virus called Rice Tungro Baciliform Virus (RTBV) and Rice Tungro Spherical Virus (RTSV). Those viruses are transmitted by green planthopper vector (Nephotettix virescens). Rice tungro virus, that attack at vegetative phase, could make the rice plant tiny. This research governs a tungro transmission model that consider the rate of growth, natural mortality and virus infection as parameters. The interaction between green planthopper vector and spider as the predator of it is also considered. The other one is the probability of successes contacts between the green planthopper vectors with the susceptible rice population and tungro infected rice. The model, that modified from Susceptible-Infected model, has two critical endemic points of, and The stability of both points are analyzed using linearity and Routh hurwitz criteria. To reach their stability, the first critical point requires the values of natural death of green planthopper vector that must bigger than natural death of rice plant and the second critical point requires the natural growth rate of the spider predator must smaller than its natural death. Keywords : Analysis of Stability, Routh-Hurwitz Criteria, Tungro