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Penile fracture is defined as a traumatic rupture of the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa. The pathologic lesion is a tear of the outer longitudinal layer of the tunica albuginea resulting in hematoma, swelling, and skin discoloration. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) on the penile cavernosal tissue histopathologically and possible use as a haemostatic agent in penile cavernosal surgeries. Experimental penile fracture was formed by incising from the proximal dorsal side of the penis in thirty-two Wistar Albino rats and the rats were randomly assigned into four main groups, each group containing eight rats. In group A, ABS was only applied locally onto the incision region. In group P, the incision was primarily repaired. In group PA; ABS was applied onto the incision region following primary repair. In group C, the incision was not repaired and left to secondary healing. Three weeks later, all rats were sacrificed and penectomy was carried out. In group A, fibrosis was observed in 2 rats and this group seemed to be the best group according to cavernosal healing. Although there was no significant difference between control group and groups A and PA according to inflammation, group A and PA were better than primary repair group (p= 0.046). The presence of siderophages and red blood cell aggregation were only observed in group A and group PA. ABS can be employed to use in cavernosal surgeries due to its haemostatic and anti-inflammatory properties. Erythrocyte aggregation confirmed haemostatic activity of ABS in penile tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To detect and locate anatomically peripheral dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in rat cavernosa, as dopamine is important in sexual drive and penile erection through receptors located in the central nervous system. Materials and methods Corpora cavernosa were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats; total RNA and membrane proteins were extracted and cryostat sections prepared. The rat brain hypothalamus was used as a control for dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. The presence and expression of peripheral dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs in rat corpus cavernosa was assessed using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Northern blot hybridization using 32 P-UTP-labelled RNA probes. Concurrently, corresponding proteins from D1 and D2 receptors were assayed and detected by a Western blotting technique. The anatomical location of dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs in rat penile tissues was identified by in situ hybridization using 35 S-UTP-labelled RNA probes in cryostat sections. Immunohistochemical staining was used to locate peripheral dopamine D1 and D2 receptor proteins in rat corpora cavernosa. Results Dopamine D1 and D2 receptor gene expression was detected in rat corpora cavernosa. In situ hybridization signals for dopamine D1 and D2 receptor mRNAs were localized to corpus cavernosal tissues and dorsal vessels in the rat penis. Western blot analyses showed peripheral dopamine D1 and D2 receptor proteins in rat corpora cavernosa. Immunohistochemically, peripheral dopamine D1 and D2 receptor proteins were detected in dorsal nerves, dorsal vessels and corpus cavernosal smooth muscle of the rat penile tissues. Conclusions Peripheral dopamine D1 and D2 receptors are present in the corpora cavernosa of rats. The functional significance of these receptors and signal transduction pathways in modulating the vascular tone of the penis warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]