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2. Local incomplete combustion emissions define the PM2.5 oxidative potential in Northern India

Author

Bhattu, Deepika, Tripathi, Sachchida Nand, Bhowmik, Himadri Sekhar, Moschos, Vaios, Lee, Chuan Ping, Rauber, Martin, Salazar, Gary, Abbaszade, Gülcin, Cui, Tianqu, Slowik, Jay G., Vats, Pawan, Mishra, Suneeti, Lalchandani, Vipul, Satish, Rangu, Rai, Pragati, Casotto, Roberto, Tobler, Anna, Kumar, Varun, Hao, Yufang, Qi, Lu, Khare, Peeyush, Manousakas, Manousos Ioannis, Wang, Qiyuan, Han, Yuemei, Tian, Jie, Darfeuil, Sophie, Minguillon, Mari Cruz, Hueglin, Christoph, Conil, Sébastien, Rastogi, Neeraj, Srivastava, Atul Kumar, Ganguly, Dilip, Bjelic, Sasa, Canonaco, Francesco, Schnelle-Kreis, Jürgen, Dominutti, Pamela A., Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, Szidat, Sönke, Chen, Yang, Cao, Junji, Baltensperger, Urs, Uzu, Gaëlle, Daellenbach, Kaspar R., El Haddad, Imad, and Prévôt, André S. H.

Published
2024
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9. Chemical speciation and source apportionment of ambient PM2.5 in New Delhi before, during, and after the Diwali fireworks

Author

Manchanda, Chirag, Kumar, Mayank, Singh, Vikram, Hazarika, Naba, Faisal, Mohd, Lalchandani, Vipul, Shukla, Ashutosh, Dave, Jay, Rastogi, Neeraj, and Tripathi, Sachchida Nand

Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Diwali is among the most important Indian festivals, and elaborate firework displays mark the evening's festivities. This study assesses the impact of Diwali on the concentration, composition, and sources of ambient PM2.5. We observed the total PM2.5 concentrations to rise to 16 times the pre-firework levels, while each of the elemental, organic, and black carbon fractions of ambient PM2.5 increased by a factor of 46.1, 3.7, and 5.6, respectively. The concentration of species like K, Al, Sr, Ba, S, and Bi displayed distinct peaks during the firework event and were identified as tracers. The average concentrations of potential carcinogens, like As, exceeded US EPA screening levels for industrial air by a factor of ~9.6, while peak levels reached up to 16.1 times the screening levels. The source apportionment study, undertaken using positive matrix factorization, revealed the fireworks to account for 95% of the total elemental PM2.5 during Diwali. The resolved primary organic emissions, too, were enhanced by a factor of 8 during Diwali. Delhi has encountered serious haze events following Diwali in recent years; this study highlights that biomass burning emissions rather than the fireworks drive the poor air quality in the days following Diwali., Comment: The manuscript is accepted for publication in Atmospheric Pollution Research. Present Status: Accepted

Published
2020
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16. A dose escalated fiducial marker-based image guided radical radiotherapy in locally advanced prostate cancers: A single institute experience from India

Author

Gupta, Pramod K., Rastogi, Neeraj, Das, Koilpillai Joseph Maria, and Kumar, Shaleen

Subjects
Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Prostate cancer -- Care and treatment, Medical records, Radiation, Radiotherapy
Abstract

ABSTRACT Purpose: Image guided radiotherapy (IGRT) is one of the most commonly used treatment in LAPC. Dose escalation >74 Gy has shown to improve the biochemical control and freedom from failure rate in LAPC.We started treating LAPC patients with dose escalated IGRT in our institute since 2008. We did a retrospective analysis to see the biochemical relapse-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and bladder and rectal toxicity. Methods: A total of 50 consecutive prostate cancer patients were treated with dose escalated IGRT between January 2008 to Dec 2013. Out of these, 37 patients of LAPC were analyzed and their medical records were retrieved. All were biopsy proven adenocarcinoma of prostate with D'Amico high risk category (PSA >20 ng/mL or Gleason score (GS) >7 or T2c-T4). Three gold fiducial markers were placed in the prostate. Patients were immobilized in supine position with either ankle or knee rest. Partial bladder filling and rectum emptying protocol was followed. Clinical target volume (CTV) segmentation was done according to EORTC recommendation. Population based PTV expansion from CTV of 10 mm (cranio-caudal), 10 mm (medio-lateral), 10 mm (anterior) and 5 mm (posterior) was given. In patients with radiologically enlarged pelvic lymph node, whole pelvis intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to a dose of 50.4 Gy/28# followed by prostatic boost 26Gy/13# by IMRT using image guidance. Rest of the patients received prostate only RT to a dose of 76Gy/38# by IGRT. Daily On board KV images were taken and 2D-2D fiducial marker matching was done and shifts were applied on machine before treatment. Biochemical relapse was defined as per Phoenix definition (nadir + 2 ng/mL). Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) toxicity grading system was used to document acute and late toxicity. Results: Median age of patients was 66 years. Median pre-treatment PSA was 22 ng/mL. Thirty patients (81) had T3/T4 lesions and nodal metastasis was seen in 11 (30). Median GS was 8. Median radiotherapy dose was 76 Gy. Imaging before radiation delivery was done in 19(51) patients and 100 in 14 (38) patients. With a median follow up of 6.5 years, 5-year biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) was 66 and 79 respectively. Mean bRFS and CSS were 71 months and 83 months however Median bRFS and CSS were not reached. Distant metastasis was seen in 8 (22). RTOG grade III bladder and rectal toxicity was seen in 2 (6) and 2 (6) patients respectively. Conclusion: Dose escalated IGRT with fiducial marker positional verification for LAPC is doable in Indian setup provided more emphasis given on daily on-board imaging with rigorous bladder filling and rectal emptying protocol. Long term follow up is needed to assess the effect on distant disease-free survival and CSS. Keywords: Fiducial gold marker, image guided radiotherapy, locally advanced prostate cancer, Author(s): Pramod K. Gupta [1,2]; Neeraj Rastogi (corresponding author) [2]; Koilpillai Joseph Maria Das [2]; Shaleen Kumar [2] INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer and [...]

Published
2023
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17. Spatio-temporal variation of C-PM2.5 (composition based PM2.5) sources using PMF*PMF (double-PMF) and single-combined PMF technique on real-time non-refractory, BC and elemental measurements during post-monsoon and winter at two sites in Delhi, India

Author

Shukla, Ashutosh Kumar, Tripathi, Sachchida Nand, Canonaco, Francesco, Lalchandani, Vipul, Sahu, Ravi, Srivastava, Deepchandra, Dave, Jay, Thamban, Navaneeth Meena, Gaddamidi, Sreenivas, Sahu, Lokesh, Kumar, Mayank, Singh, Vikram, and Rastogi, Neeraj

Published
2023
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20. Gridded distribution of total suspended particulate matter (TSP) and their chemical characterization over Delhi during winter

Author

Jangirh, Ritu, Ahlawat, Sakshi, Arya, Rahul, Mondal, Arnab, Yadav, Lokesh, Kotnala, Garima, Yadav, Pooja, Choudhary, Nikki, Rani, Martina, Banoo, Rubiya, Rai, Akansha, Saharan, Ummed Singh, Rastogi, Neeraj, Patel, Anil, Shivani, Gadi, Ranu, Saxena, Priyanka, Vijayan, Narayanasamy, Sharma, Chhemendra, Sharma, Sudhir Kumar, and Mandal, Tuhin Kumar

Published
2022
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27. Local incomplete combustion emissions define the PM2.5 oxidative potential in Northern India

Author

0000-0003-3597-190X, 0000-0002-6402-4680, 0009-0000-6159-6854, 0000-0002-6251-4117, 0000-0003-0051-8179, 0000-0002-0021-4813, 0000-0002-0425-5997, 0000-0002-0062-234X, 0000-0002-5764-0231, 0000-0003-3810-3972, 0000-0002-0725-7517, 0000-0003-2669-9633, 0000-0002-6582-0742, 0000-0003-1078-1296, 0000-0003-1111-0881, 0000-0002-5044-8386, 0000-0003-3307-2548, 0000-0002-5464-0391, 0000-0002-6973-522X, 0000-0001-6767-821X, 0000-0003-4532-7827, 0000-0001-5282-0156, 0000-0002-9805-3201, 0000-0001-8495-6461, 0000-0003-4846-2303, 0000-0002-9876-6383, 0000-0002-1824-6207, 0000-0003-0079-8713, 0000-0002-7720-0233, 0000-0003-1246-6396, 0000-0002-2461-7238, 0000-0002-9243-8194, Bhattu, Deepika, Tripathi, Sachchida Nand, Bhowmik, Himadri Sekhar, Moschos, Vaios, Lee, Chuan Ping, Rauber, Martin, Salazar, Gary, Abbaszade, Gülcin, Cui, Tianqu, Slowik, Jay G., Vats, Pawan, Mishra, Suneeti, Lalchandani, Vipul, Satish, Rangu, Rai, Pragati, Casotto, Roberto, Tobler, Anna, Kumar, Varun, Hao, Yufang, Qi, Lu, Khare, Peeyush, Manousakas, Manousos Ioannis, Wang, Qiyuan, Han, Yuemei, Tian, Jie, Darfeuil, Sophie, Minguillon, Mari Cruz, Hueglin, Christoph, Conil, Sébastien, Rastogi, Neeraj, Srivastava, Atul Kumar, Ganguly, Dilip, Bjelic, Sasa, Canonaco, Francesco, Schnelle-Kreis, Jürgen, Dominutti, Pamela A., Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, Szidat, Sönke, Chen, Yang, Cao, Junji, Baltensperger, Urs, Uzu, Gaëlle, Daellenbach, Kaspar R., El Haddad, Imad, Prévôt, André S. H., 0000-0003-3597-190X, 0000-0002-6402-4680, 0009-0000-6159-6854, 0000-0002-6251-4117, 0000-0003-0051-8179, 0000-0002-0021-4813, 0000-0002-0425-5997, 0000-0002-0062-234X, 0000-0002-5764-0231, 0000-0003-3810-3972, 0000-0002-0725-7517, 0000-0003-2669-9633, 0000-0002-6582-0742, 0000-0003-1078-1296, 0000-0003-1111-0881, 0000-0002-5044-8386, 0000-0003-3307-2548, 0000-0002-5464-0391, 0000-0002-6973-522X, 0000-0001-6767-821X, 0000-0003-4532-7827, 0000-0001-5282-0156, 0000-0002-9805-3201, 0000-0001-8495-6461, 0000-0003-4846-2303, 0000-0002-9876-6383, 0000-0002-1824-6207, 0000-0003-0079-8713, 0000-0002-7720-0233, 0000-0003-1246-6396, 0000-0002-2461-7238, 0000-0002-9243-8194, Bhattu, Deepika, Tripathi, Sachchida Nand, Bhowmik, Himadri Sekhar, Moschos, Vaios, Lee, Chuan Ping, Rauber, Martin, Salazar, Gary, Abbaszade, Gülcin, Cui, Tianqu, Slowik, Jay G., Vats, Pawan, Mishra, Suneeti, Lalchandani, Vipul, Satish, Rangu, Rai, Pragati, Casotto, Roberto, Tobler, Anna, Kumar, Varun, Hao, Yufang, Qi, Lu, Khare, Peeyush, Manousakas, Manousos Ioannis, Wang, Qiyuan, Han, Yuemei, Tian, Jie, Darfeuil, Sophie, Minguillon, Mari Cruz, Hueglin, Christoph, Conil, Sébastien, Rastogi, Neeraj, Srivastava, Atul Kumar, Ganguly, Dilip, Bjelic, Sasa, Canonaco, Francesco, Schnelle-Kreis, Jürgen, Dominutti, Pamela A., Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, Szidat, Sönke, Chen, Yang, Cao, Junji, Baltensperger, Urs, Uzu, Gaëlle, Daellenbach, Kaspar R., El Haddad, Imad, and Prévôt, André S. H.

Abstract

The oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) is a major driver of PM-associated health effects. In India, the emission sources defining PM-OP, and their local/regional nature, are yet to be established. Here, to address this gap we determine the geographical origin, sources of PM, and its OP at five Indo-Gangetic Plain sites inside and outside Delhi. Our findings reveal that although uniformly high PM concentrations are recorded across the entire region, local emission sources and formation processes dominate PM pollution. Specifically, ammonium chloride, and organic aerosols (OA) from traffic exhaust, residential heating, and oxidation of unsaturated vapors from fossil fuels are the dominant PM sources inside Delhi. Ammonium sulfate and nitrate, and secondary OA from biomass burning vapors, are produced outside Delhi. Nevertheless, PM-OP is overwhelmingly driven by OA from incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels, including traffic. These findings suggest that addressing local inefficient combustion processes can effectively mitigate PM health exposure in northern India.

Published
2024

28. Consolidation chemoradiation (cCTRT) improves survival in responders to first-line chemotherapy (CT) in locally advanced gallbladder cancer (LA-GBC): A new standard of care?

Author

Alam, Mohammed, Agrawal, Sushma, Rastogi, Neeraj, and Das, Koilpillai Maria

Subjects
Gallbladder cancer, Patient compliance, Chemotherapy, Cancer -- Chemotherapy, Health
Abstract

Byline: Mohammed. Alam, Sushma. Agrawal, Neeraj. Rastogi, Koilpillai. Maria Das Introduction: Chemotherapy (CT) is the standard of care in advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC). Should locally advanced GBC (LA-GBC) with response [...]

Published
2022

33. Inter-continental variability in the relationship of oxidative potential and cytotoxicity with PM2.5 mass.

Author

Salana, Sudheer, Yu, Haoran, Dai, Zhuying, Subramanian, P. S. Ganesh, Puthussery, Joseph V., Wang, Yixiang, Singh, Ajit, Pope, Francis D., Leiva G., Manuel A., Rastogi, Neeraj, Tripathi, Sachchida Nand, Weber, Rodney J., and Verma, Vishal

Subjects
CYTOTOXINS, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL models, SPATIAL variation, PARTICULATE matter
Abstract

Most fine ambient particulate matter (PM2.5)-based epidemiological models use globalized concentration-response (CR) functions assuming that the toxicity of PM2.5 is solely mass-dependent without considering its chemical composition. Although oxidative potential (OP) has emerged as an alternate metric of PM2.5 toxicity, the association between PM2.5 mass and OP on a large spatial extent has not been investigated. In this study, we evaluate this relationship using 385 PM2.5 samples collected from 14 different sites across 4 different continents and using 5 different OP (and cytotoxicity) endpoints. Our results show that the relationship between PM2.5 mass vs. OP (and cytotoxicity) is largely non-linear due to significant differences in the intrinsic toxicity, resulting from a spatially heterogeneous chemical composition of PM2.5. These results emphasize the need to develop localized CR functions incorporating other measures of PM2.5 properties (e.g., OP) to better predict the PM2.5-attributed health burdens. This study shows that the relationship between concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its health effects may vary in different regions of the world due to significant spatial variations in the toxicities of PM2.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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37. A comparative study of gemcitabine and cisplatin versus oral capecitabine alone in metastatic gallbladder cancer

Author

Kumar, Deepak, Rastogi, Neeraj, Agarwal, Sushma, Mishra, Shagun, Kumar, Shaleen, Lal, Punita, Singh, Shalini, and Choudhary, Sunil

Subjects
Gemcitabine -- Dosage and administration -- Comparative analysis, Gallbladder cancer -- Drug therapy, Metastasis -- Drug therapy, Capecitabine -- Dosage and administration -- Comparative analysis, Cisplatin -- Comparative analysis -- Dosage and administration, Health
Abstract

Byline: Deepak. Kumar, Neeraj. Rastogi, Sushma. Agarwal, Shagun. Mishra, Shaleen. Kumar, Punita. Lal, Shalini. Singh, Sunil. Choudhary Aims: There is no consensus for palliative chemotherapy regimen in metastatic gallbladder cancer. [...]

Published
2022

43. Nighttime NO emissions strongly suppress chlorine and nitrate radical formation during the winter in Delhi

Author

Haslett, Sophie, Bell, David M., Kumar, Varun, Slowik, Jay G., Wang, Dongyu S., Mishra, Suneeti, Rastogi, Neeraj, Singh, Atinderpal, Ganguly, Dilip, Thornton, Joel, Zheng, Feixue, Li, Yuanyuan, Nie, Wei, Liu, Yongchun, Ma, Wei, Yan, Chao, Kulmala, Markku, Daellenbach, Kaspar R., Hadden, David, Baltensperger, Urs, Prevot, Andre S. H., Tripathi, Sachchida N., Mohr, Claudia, Haslett, Sophie, Bell, David M., Kumar, Varun, Slowik, Jay G., Wang, Dongyu S., Mishra, Suneeti, Rastogi, Neeraj, Singh, Atinderpal, Ganguly, Dilip, Thornton, Joel, Zheng, Feixue, Li, Yuanyuan, Nie, Wei, Liu, Yongchun, Ma, Wei, Yan, Chao, Kulmala, Markku, Daellenbach, Kaspar R., Hadden, David, Baltensperger, Urs, Prevot, Andre S. H., Tripathi, Sachchida N., and Mohr, Claudia

Abstract

Atmospheric pollution in urban regions is highly influenced by oxidants due to their important role in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and smog. These include the nitrate radical (NO3), which is typically considered a nighttime oxidant, and the chlorine radical (Cl), an extremely potent oxidant that can be released in the morning in chloride-rich environments as a result of nocturnal build-up of nitryl chloride (ClNO2). Chloride makes up a higher percentage of particulate matter in Delhi than has been observed anywhere else in the world, which results in Cl having an unusually strong influence in this city. Here, we present observations and model results revealing that atmospheric chemistry in Delhi exhibits an unusual diel cycle that is controlled by high concentrations of NO during the night. As a result of this, the formation of both NO3 and dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), a precursor of ClNO2 and thus Cl, are suppressed at night and increase to unusually high levels during the day. Our results indicate that a substantial reduction in nighttime NO has the potential to increase both nocturnal oxidation via NO(3 )and the production of Cl during the day.

Published
2023
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45.  Understanding the impact of Hunga-Tonga undersea eruption on the stratospheric aerosol population using Balloon measurements, Satellite data, and model simulations

Author

Vernier, Hazel, primary, Quintão, Demilson, additional, Biazon, Bruno, additional, Landulfo, Eduardo, additional, Souza, Giovanni, additional, J. S. Lopes, Fabio, additional, Rastogi, Neeraj, additional, Meena, Rohit, additional, Liu, Hongyu, additional, Fadnavis, Suvarna, additional, Mau, Johnny, additional, K. Pandit, Amit, additional, Berthet, Gwenael, additional, and Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional

Published
2023
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49. Nighttime NO emissions strongly suppress chlorine and nitrate radical formation during the winter in Delhi.

Author

Haslett, Sophie L., Bell, David M., Kumar, Varun, Slowik, Jay G., Wang, Dongyu S., Mishra, Suneeti, Rastogi, Neeraj, Singh, Atinderpal, Ganguly, Dilip, Thornton, Joel, Zheng, Feixue, Li, Yuanyuan, Nie, Wei, Liu, Yongchun, Ma, Wei, Yan, Chao, Kulmala, Markku, Daellenbach, Kaspar R., Hadden, David, and Baltensperger, Urs

Subjects
AIR pollution, URBAN pollution, ATMOSPHERIC chemistry, CHLORINE, CIRCADIAN rhythms
Abstract

Atmospheric pollution in urban regions is highly influenced by oxidants due to their important role in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and smog. These include the nitrate radical (NO 3), which is typically considered a nighttime oxidant, and the chlorine radical (Cl), an extremely potent oxidant that can be released in the morning in chloride-rich environments as a result of nocturnal build-up of nitryl chloride (ClNO 2). Chloride makes up a higher percentage of particulate matter in Delhi than has been observed anywhere else in the world, which results in Cl having an unusually strong influence in this city. Here, we present observations and model results revealing that atmospheric chemistry in Delhi exhibits an unusual diel cycle that is controlled by high concentrations of NO during the night. As a result of this, the formation of both NO 3 and dinitrogen pentoxide (N 2 O 5), a precursor of ClNO 2 and thus Cl, are suppressed at night and increase to unusually high levels during the day. Our results indicate that a substantial reduction in nighttime NO has the potential to increase both nocturnal oxidation via NO 3 and the production of Cl during the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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50. A Fifteen Years Audit of Endometrial Cancer Referred for Adjuvant Treatment to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India.

Author

GUPTA, PRAMOD KUMAR, SINGH, SHALINI, GUPTA, RUPALI, LAL, PUNITA, and RASTOGI, NEERAJ

Abstract

Introduction: Endometrial cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women worldwide with Age Standardised Incidence Rate (ASIR) of 8.4 per lac. In Indian subcontinent, the incidence is lesser and the ASIR is 2.1/100,000 women. However, its incidence is on the steady rise in developing part of the world including India. Surgery is the primary treatment and adjuvant radiotherapy is given in patients with high-risk of recurrence and significant change has happened in the management in the last 20 years. From India limited literature is available for management practices for endometrial cancer. Aim: To assess the referral patterns, demography, staging, surgical practices, adjuvant treatment and follow-up policies for endometrial cancer in a tertiary care hospital in northern India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was done for patients having endometrial cancer treated between January 2000-December 2015 in a tertiary care hospital in northern India in January 2022. A total of 93 patients having endometrial cancer were referred for radiotherapy. For these patients, their referral patterns, demography, staging, surgical practices, adjuvant treatment and follow-up policies were analysed, retrospectively. Disease Free Survival (DFS) and Overall Survival (OS) were computed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The median age at presentation was 55 years. Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding was the commonest symptom 78 (83.87%). Ultrasonography 23 (24.73%) was the preferred first imaging modality. Type 1 endometroid carcinoma was 75 (80.64%) and total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy was done in 82 (88.17%). Adjuvant External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) with Brachytherapy (BT) was given in 61 (65.59%), EBRT alone in 7(7.52%) and BT alone given in 11 (11.83%). Median EBRT dose was 50.4 Gy. Vaginal cylinder applicator was used in 69 (95.83%) out of 72 patients receiving BT. A 6.0 Gy/# to a total of 2 fractions were given in 57 (79.16%). Median treated length of vagina was 3 cm (range 2-8 cm). Five year DFS and OS was 25% and 25% and 64% and 62% respectively in worst and best case scenario. Ten (10.75%) patients, all having high-risk had multiple visceral and local recurrence. Conclusion: In patients with endometrial cancer, total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy is commonest surgical practice with adjuvant radiotherapygiven in patients with high risk of recurrence. In a developing country like India, assuring uniformity of treatment protocols is a challenging task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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