314 results on '"Raspollini, P."'
Search Results
2. Painful sexual intercourse, quality of life and sexual function in patients with endometriosis: not just deep dyspareunia
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Del Forno, Simona, Raspollini, Arianna, Doglioli, Marisol, Andreotti, Anna, Spagnolo, Emanuela, Lenzi, Jacopo, Borghese, Giulia, Raimondo, Diego, Arena, Alessandro, Rodriguez, Elena, Hernandez, Alicia, Govoni, Francesca, and Seracchioli, Renato
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- 2024
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3. Comparison of the H2O, HDO and δD stratospheric climatologies between the MIPAS-ESA V8, MIPAS-IMK V5 and ACE-FTS V4.1/4.2 satellite datasets
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K. De Los Ríos, P. Ordoñez, G. P. Stiller, P. Raspollini, M. Gai, K. A. Walker, C. Peña-Ortiz, and L. Acosta
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Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Earthwork. Foundations ,TA715-787 - Abstract
Variations in the isotopologic composition of water vapour are fundamental for understanding the relative importance of different mechanisms of water vapour transport from the tropical upper troposphere to the lower stratosphere. Previous comparisons obtained from observations of H2O and HDO by satellite instruments showed discrepancies. In this work, newer versions of H2O and HDO retrievals from Envisat/MIPAS and SCISAT/ACE-FTS are compared. Specifically, MIPAS-IMK V5, MIPAS-ESA V8 and ACE-FTS V4.1/4.2 for the common period from February 2004 to April 2012 are compared for the first time through a profile-to-profile approach and comparison based on climatological structures. The comparison is essential for the scientific community to assess the quality of new satellite data products, a necessary procedure to validate further scientific work. Averaged stratospheric H2O profiles reveal general good agreement between 16 and 30 km. Biases derived from the profile-to-profile comparison are around zero between 16 and 30 km for MIPAS-IMK and ACE-FTS comparison. For HDO and δD, low biases are found in the MIPAS-ESA and ACE-FTS comparison in the same range of altitudes, even if associated with a larger de-biased standard deviation. The zonally averaged cross sections of H2O and HDO exhibit the expected distribution that has been established in previous studies. For δD the tropical depletion in MIPAS-ESA occurs at the top of the dynamical tropopause, but this minimum is found at higher altitudes in the ACE-FTS and MIPAS-IMK dataset. The tape recorder signal is present in H2O and HDO for the three databases with slight quantitative differences. The δD annual variation for ACE-FTS data and MIPAS-ESA data is weaker compared to the MIPAS-IMK dataset, which shows a coherent tape recorder signal clearly detectable up to at least 30 km. The observed differences in the climatological δD composites between databases could lead to different interpretations regarding the water vapour transport processes toward the stratosphere. Therefore, it is important to further improve the quality of level 2 products.
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- 2024
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4. mTOR eosinophilic renal cell carcinoma: a distinctive tumor characterized by mTOR mutation, loss of chromosome 1, cathepsin-K expression, and response to target therapy
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Caliò, Anna, Marletta, Stefano, Settanni, Giulio, Rizzo, Mimma, Gobbo, Stefano, Pedron, Serena, Stefanizzi, Lavinia, Munari, Enrico, Brunelli, Matteo, Marcolini, Lisa, Pesci, Anna, Fratoni, Stefano, Pierconti, Francesco, Raspollini, Maria Rosaria, Marchetti, Antonio, Doglioni, Claudio, Amin, Mahul B., Porta, Camillo, and Martignoni, Guido
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- 2023
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5. The SPARC water vapour assessment II: biases and drifts of water vapour satellite data records with respect to frost point hygrometer records
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M. Kiefer, D. F. Hurst, G. P. Stiller, S. Lossow, H. Vömel, J. Anderson, F. Azam, J.-L. Bertaux, L. Blanot, K. Bramstedt, J. P. Burrows, R. Damadeo, B. M. Dinelli, P. Eriksson, M. García-Comas, J. C. Gille, M. Hervig, Y. Kasai, F. Khosrawi, D. Murtagh, G. E. Nedoluha, S. Noël, P. Raspollini, W. G. Read, K. H. Rosenlof, A. Rozanov, C. E. Sioris, T. Sugita, T. von Clarmann, K. A. Walker, and K. Weigel
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Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Earthwork. Foundations ,TA715-787 - Abstract
Satellite data records of stratospheric water vapour have been compared to balloon-borne frost point hygrometer (FP) profiles that are coincident in space and time. The satellite data records of 15 different instruments cover water vapour data available from January 2000 through December 2016. The hygrometer data are from 27 stations all over the world in the same period. For the comparison, real or constructed averaging kernels have been applied to the hygrometer profiles to adjust them to the measurement characteristics of the satellite instruments. For bias evaluation, we have compared satellite profiles averaged over the available temporal coverage to the means of coincident FP profiles for individual stations. For drift determinations, we analysed time series of relative differences between spatiotemporally coincident satellite and hygrometer profiles at individual stations. In a synopsis we have also calculated the mean biases and drifts (and their respective uncertainties) for each satellite record over all applicable hygrometer stations in three altitude ranges (10–30 hPa, 30–100 hPa, and 100 hPa to tropopause). Most of the satellite data have biases % and average drifts % yr−1 in at least one of the respective altitude ranges. Virtually all biases are significant in the sense that their uncertainty range in terms of twice the standard error of the mean does not include zero. Statistically significant drifts (95 % confidence) are detected for 35 % of the ≈ 1200 time series of relative differences between satellites and hygrometers.
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- 2023
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6. ESGO/ESTRO/ESP Guidelines for the management of patients with cervical cancer – Update 2023*
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Cibula, David, Raspollini, Maria Rosaria, Planchamp, François, Centeno, Carlos, Chargari, Cyrus, Felix, Ana, Fischerová, Daniela, Jahnn-Kuch, Daniela, Joly, Florence, Kohler, Christhardt, Lax, Sigurd, Lorusso, Domenica, Mahantshetty, Umesh, Mathevet, Patrice, Naik, Raj, Nout, Remi A., Oaknin, Ana, Peccatori, Fedro, Persson, Jan, Querleu, Denis, Bernabé, Sandra Rubio, Schmid, Maximilian P., Stepanyan, Artem, Svintsitskyi, Valentyn, Tamussino, Karl, Zapardiel, Ignacio, and Lindegaard, Jacob
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- 2023
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7. Ovarian tissue transplantation: 10 years of experience at the Bologna University
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Raffaella Fabbri, Rossella Vicenti, Valentina Magnani, Roberto Paradisi, Lucia De Meis, Diego Raimondo, Alessandro Arena, Stefano Venturoli, Antonio Raffone, Arianna Raspollini, and Renato Seracchioli
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ovarian tissue cryopreservation ,fertility preservation ,cancer ,orthotopic and heterotopic transplantation ,restoration of endocrine function ,longevity ,Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,RC648-665 - Abstract
ObjectiveThe efficiency of ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT) was established in terms of ovarian function recovery (95% of cases), number of live births (over 200 worldwide to date) and induction of puberty. Unfortunately, the lack of international registries and the fact that many centers have not yet reported their outcomes, lead to poor knowledge of the exact fertility data. The aim of the study is to describe our experience with OTT to restore ovarian function and fertility.MethodsThis study was designed as a single-center, observational, retrospective, cohort study that includes women who underwent OTT between December 2012 and June 2023 at our center. After approval by the oncologist/hematologist, a small fragment of ovarian tissue was thawed and analyzed to detect the presence of micrometastases before OTT. Thawed ovarian tissue was grafted laparoscopically at multiple sites, including the remaining ovary and pelvic side wall (orthotopic transplantation) and/or abdominal wall (heterotopic transplantation). After OTT, ovarian function was monitored by hormonal assay, ultrasound and color Doppler at approximately 4-week intervals.ResultsBetween December 2012 and June 2023, 30 women performed OTT. Prior to OTT, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses revealed no micrometastases in all thawed ovarian tissue samples. In our series of 30 women, 20 of women were on premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), and the remaining ten cases still had oligomenorrhea and difficulty getting pregnant. Among the women with POI before OTT and at least 6 months follow-up, recovery of endocrine function was observed in all but one woman who underwent orthotopic transplantation (13 of 14 cases), in one out of two women who underwent both orthotopic and heterotopic transplantation (1 of 2 cases) and in all women who underwent heterotopic transplantation (4 of 4 cases). Women who underwent OTT to enhance fertility had no alterations in menstrual cycle and hormonal levels. In total, ten pregnancies were obtained in 25 women, resulting in four live births, two ongoing pregnancies and four spontaneous abortions.ConclusionOur data can help patients and physicians in their discussions and decisions about the need and possibilities of preserving fertility.
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- 2024
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8. Robotic approach with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in adult Wilms’ tumor: A feasibility study report and a systematic review of the literature
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Simone Sforza, Valeria Emma Palmieri, Maria Rosaria Raspollini, Giandomenico Roviello, Alberto Mantovani, Umberto Basso, Maria Carmen Affinita, Alberto D'Angelo, Lorenzo Antonuzzo, Marco Carini, Andrea Minervini, and Lorenzo Masieri
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Nephroblastoma ,Nephrectomy ,Renal neoplasm ,Minimally invasive surgery ,Rare tumor ,Wilms' tumor ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Objective: The incidence of Wilms’ tumor (WT) among adult individuals accounts for less than 1% of kidney cancer cases, with a prognosis usually less favorable when compared to younger individuals and an overall survival rate of 70% for the adult patients versus 90% for the pediatric cases. The diagnosis and treatment of WT are complex in the preoperative setting; neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) or robotic surgery has rarely been described. This study aimed to review the literature of robotic surgery in WT and report the first adult WT management using both NAC and robotic strategy. Methods: We reported a case of WT managed in a multidisciplinary setting. Furthermore, according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations, a systematic review of the literature until August 2020 of WT treated with a robotic approach was carried out. Results: A 33-year-old female had a diagnosis of WT. She was scheduled to NAC, and according to the clinical and radiological response to a robotic radical nephrectomy with aortic lymph nodes dissection, she was managed with no intraoperative rupture, a favorable surgical outcome, and a follow-up of 25 months, which did not show any recurrence. The systematic review identified a total number of 230 cases of minimally invasive surgery reported in the literature for WT. Of these, approximately 15 patients were carried out using robotic surgery in adolescents while none in adults. Moreover, NAC has not been administered before minimally invasive surgery in adults up until now. Conclusion: WT is a rare condition in adults with only a few cases treated with either NAC or minimally invasive approach so far. The advantage of NAC followed by the robotic approach could lead to favorable outcomes in this complex scenario. Notwithstanding, additional cases of adult WT need to be identified and investigated to improve the oncological outcome.
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- 2023
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9. Computer-aided diagnosis in prostate cancer: a retrospective evaluation of the Watson Elementary® system for preoperative tumor characterization in patients treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
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Vittori, Gianni, Bacchiani, Mara, Grosso, Antonio Andrea, Raspollini, Maria Rosaria, Giovannozzi, Neri, Righi, Lorenzo, Di Maida, Fabrizio, Agostini, Simone, De Nisco, Fausto, Mari, Andrea, and Minervini, Andrea
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- 2023
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10. $L_\infty$-Algebras, the BV Formalism, and Classical Fields
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Jurco, Branislav, Macrelli, Tommaso, Raspollini, Lorenzo, Saemann, Christian, and Wolf, Martin
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High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
We summarise some of our recent works on $L_\infty$-algebras and quasi-groups with regard to higher principal bundles and their applications in twistor theory and gauge theory. In particular, after a lightning review of $L_\infty$-algebras, we discuss their Maurer-Cartan theory and explain that any classical field theory admitting an action can be reformulated in this context with the help of the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism. As examples, we explore higher Chern-Simons theory and Yang-Mills theory. We also explain how these ideas can be combined with those of twistor theory to formulate maximally superconformal gauge theories in four and six dimensions by means of $L_\infty$-quasi-isomorphisms, and we propose a twistor space action., Comment: 19 pages, Contribution to Proceedings of LMS/EPSRC Durham Symposium Higher Structures in M-Theory, August 2018
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- 2019
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11. On the use of Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) spectrally resolved radiances to test the EC-Earth climate model (v3.3.3) in clear-sky conditions
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S. Della Fera, F. Fabiano, P. Raspollini, M. Ridolfi, U. Cortesi, F. Barbara, and J. von Hardenberg
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Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
The long-term comparison between simulated and observed spectrally resolved outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) can represent a stringent test for the direct verification and improvement of general circulation models (GCMs), which are regularly tuned by adjusting parameters related to subgrid processes not explicitly represented in the model to constrain the integrated OLR energy fluxes to observed values. However, a good agreement between simulated and observed integrated OLR fluxes may be obtained from the cancellation of opposite-in-sign systematic errors localized in specific spectral ranges. Since the mid-2000s, stable hyperspectral observations of the mid-infrared region (667 to 2750 cm−1) of the Earth emission spectrum have been provided by different sensors (e.g. AIRS, IASI and CrIS). Furthermore, the FORUM (Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring) mission, selected to be the ninth ESA Earth Explorer, will measure, starting from 2027, the terrestrial radiation emitted to space at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) from 100 to 1600 cm−1, filling the observational gap in the far-infrared (FIR) region, from 100 to 667 cm−1. In this work, in anticipation of FORUM measurements, we compare Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) Metop-A observations to radiances simulated on the basis of the atmospheric fields predicted by the EC-Earth Global Climate Model (version 3.3.3) in clear-sky conditions. To simulate spectra based on the atmospheric and surface state provided by the climate model, the radiative transfer model σ-IASI has been integrated in the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (COSP) package. Therefore, online simulations, provided by the EC-Earth model equipped with the new COSP–σ-IASI module, have been performed in clear-sky conditions with prescribed sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration, every 6 h, over a time frame consistent with the availability of IASI data. Systematic comparisons between observed and simulated brightness temperature (BT) have been performed in 10 cm−1 spectral intervals, on a global scale over the ocean, with a specific focus on the latitudinal belt between 30∘ S and 30∘ N. The analysis has shown a warm BT bias of about 3.5 K in the core of the CO2 absorption band and a cold BT bias of approximately 1 K in the wing of the CO2 band, due to a positive temperature bias in the stratosphere and a negative temperature bias in the middle troposphere of the climate model, respectively. Finally, considering a warm BT bias in the rotational–vibrational water vapour band, we have highlighted a dry bias of the water vapour concentration in the upper troposphere of the model.
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- 2023
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12. Long-term validation of MIPAS ESA operational products using MIPAS-B measurements
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G. Wetzel, M. Höpfner, H. Oelhaf, F. Friedl-Vallon, A. Kleinert, G. Maucher, M. Sinnhuber, J. Abalichin, A. Dehn, and P. Raspollini
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Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Earthwork. Foundations ,TA715-787 - Abstract
The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) was a limb-viewing infrared Fourier transform spectrometer that operated from 2002 to 2012 aboard the Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT). The final re-processing of the full MIPAS mission Level 2 data was performed with the ESA operational version 8 (v8) processor. This MIPAS dataset includes not only the retrieval results of pressure–temperature and the standard species H2O, O3, HNO3, CH4, N2O, and NO2 but also vertical profiles of volume mixing ratios of the more difficult-to-retrieve molecules N2O5, ClONO2, CFC-11, CFC-12 (included since v6 processing), HCFC-22, CCl4, CF4, COF2, and HCN (included since v7 processing). Finally, vertical profiles of the species C2H2, C2H6, COCl2, OCS, CH3Cl, and HDO were additionally retrieved by the v8 processor. The balloon-borne limb-emission sounder MIPAS-B was a precursor of the MIPAS satellite instrument. Several flights with MIPAS-B were carried out during the 10-year operational phase of ENVISAT at different latitudes and seasons, including both operational periods when MIPAS measured with full spectral resolution (FR mode) and with optimised spectral resolution (OR mode). All MIPAS operational products (except HDO) were compared to results inferred from dedicated validation limb sequences of MIPAS-B. To enhance the statistics of vertical profile comparisons, a trajectory match method has been applied to search for MIPAS coincidences along the 2 d forward and backward trajectories running from the MIPAS-B measurement geolocations. This study gives an overview of the validation results based on the ESA operational v8 data comprising the MIPAS FR and OR observation periods. This includes an assessment of the data agreement of both sensors, taking into account the combined errors of the instruments. The differences between the retrieved temperature profiles of both MIPAS instruments generally stays within ±2 K in the stratosphere. For most gases – namely H2O, O3, HNO3, CH4, N2O, NO2, N2O5, ClONO2, CFC-11, CFC-12, HCFC-22, CCl4, CF4, COF2, and HCN – we find a 5 %–20 % level of agreement for the retrieved vertical profiles of both MIPAS instruments in the lower stratosphere. For the species C2H2, C2H6, COCl2, OCS, and CH3Cl, however, larger differences (within 20 %–50 %) appear in this altitude range.
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- 2022
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13. $L_\infty$-Algebras of Classical Field Theories and the Batalin-Vilkovisky Formalism
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Jurco, Branislav, Raspollini, Lorenzo, Saemann, Christian, and Wolf, Martin
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High Energy Physics - Theory ,Mathematical Physics - Abstract
We review in detail the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism for Lagrangian field theories and its mathematical foundations with an emphasis on higher algebraic structures and classical field theories. In particular, we show how a field theory gives rise to an $L_\infty$-algebra and how quasi-isomorphisms between $L_\infty$-algebras correspond to classical equivalences of field theories. A few experts may be familiar with parts of our discussion, however, the material is presented from the perspective of a very general notion of a gauge theory. We also make a number of new observations and present some new results. Most importantly, we discuss in great detail higher (categorified) Chern-Simons theories and give some useful shortcuts in usually rather involved computations., Comment: v4: 131 pages, minor improvements, typos fixed, references added
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- 2018
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14. The SPARC Water Vapor Assessment II: assessment of satellite measurements of upper tropospheric humidity
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W. G. Read, G. Stiller, S. Lossow, M. Kiefer, F. Khosrawi, D. Hurst, H. Vömel, K. Rosenlof, B. M. Dinelli, P. Raspollini, G. E. Nedoluha, J. C. Gille, Y. Kasai, P. Eriksson, C. E. Sioris, K. A. Walker, K. Weigel, J. P. Burrows, and A. Rozanov
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Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Earthwork. Foundations ,TA715-787 - Abstract
Nineteen limb-viewing data sets (occultation, passive thermal, and UV scattering) and two nadir upper tropospheric humidity (UTH) data sets are intercompared and also compared to frost-point hygrometer balloon sondes. The upper troposphere considered here covers the pressure range from 300–100 hPa. UTH is a challenging measurement, because concentrations vary between 2–1000 ppmv (parts per million by volume), with sharp changes in vertical gradients near the tropopause. Cloudiness in this region also makes the measurement challenging. The atmospheric temperature is also highly variable ranging from 180–250 K. The assessment of satellite-measured UTH is based on coincident comparisons with balloon frost-point hygrometer sondes, multi-month mapped comparisons, zonal mean time series comparisons, and coincident satellite-to-satellite comparisons. While the satellite fields show similar features in maps and time series, quantitatively they can differ by a factor of 2 in concentration, with strong dependencies on the amount of UTH. Additionally, time-lag response-corrected Vaisala RS92 radiosondes are compared to satellites and the frost-point hygrometer measurements. In summary, most satellite data sets reviewed here show on average ∼30 % agreement amongst themselves and frost-point data but with an additional ∼30 % variability about the mean bias. The Vaisala RS92 sonde, even with a time-lag correction, shows poor behavior for pressures less than 200 hPa.
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- 2022
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15. Testicular Germ-Cell Tumors with Spermatic Cord Involvement: A Retrospective International Multi-Institutional Experience
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Rodriguez Pena, Maria Del Carmen, Canete-Portillo, Sofia, Amin, Ali, Aron, Manju, Colombo, Piergiuseppe, Cox, Roni, Baydar, Dilek Ertoy, Gallegos, Ivan, Khani, Francesca, Michalova, Květoslava, Lucianò, Roberta, Miyamoto, Hiroshi, Osunkoya, Adeboye O., Raspollini, Maria Rosaria, Sánchez, Diego F., Scarfo, Federico, So, Jeffrey S., Zynger, Debra L., Wei, Shi, Netto, George J., and Magi-Galluzzi, Cristina
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- 2022
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16. Level 2 processor and auxiliary data for ESA Version 8 final full mission analysis of MIPAS measurements on ENVISAT
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P. Raspollini, E. Arnone, F. Barbara, M. Bianchini, B. Carli, S. Ceccherini, M. P. Chipperfield, A. Dehn, S. Della Fera, B. M. Dinelli, A. Dudhia, J.-M. Flaud, M. Gai, M. Kiefer, M. López-Puertas, D. P. Moore, A. Piro, J. J. Remedios, M. Ridolfi, H. Sembhi, L. Sgheri, and N. Zoppetti
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Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Earthwork. Foundations ,TA715-787 - Abstract
High quality long-term data sets of altitude-resolved measurements of the atmospheric composition are important because they can be used both to study the evolution of the atmosphere and as a benchmark for future missions. For the final ESA reprocessing of MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) on ENVISAT (ENViromental SATellite) data, numerous improvements were implemented in the Level 2 (L2) processor Optimised Retrieval Model (ORM) version 8.22 (V8) and its auxiliary data. The implemented changes involve all aspects of the processing chain, from the modelling of the measurements with the handling of the horizontal inhomogeneities along the line of sight to the use of the optimal estimation technique to retrieve the minor species, from a more sensitive approach to detecting the spectra affected by clouds to a refined method for identifying low quality products. Improvements in the modelling of the measurements were also obtained with an update of the used spectroscopic data and of the databases providing the a priori knowledge of the atmosphere. The HITRAN_mipas_pf4.45 spectroscopic database was finalised with new spectroscopic data verified with MIPAS measurements themselves, while recently measured cross-sections were used for the heavy molecules. The Level 2 Initial Guess (IG2) data set, containing the climatology used by the MIPAS L2 processor to generate the initial guess and interfering species profiles when the retrieved profiles from previous scans are not available, was improved taking into account the diurnal variation of the profiles defined using climatologies from both measurements and models. Horizontal gradients were generated using the ECMWF ERA-Interim data closest in time and space to the MIPAS data. Further improvements in the L2 V8 products derived from the use of the L1b V8 products, which were upgraded to reduce the instrumental temporal drift and to handle the abrupt changes in the calibration gain. The improvements introduced into the ORM V8 L2 processor and its upgraded auxiliary data, together with the use of the L1b V8 products, lead to the generation of the MIPAS L2 V8 products, which are characterised by an increased accuracy, better temporal stability and a greater number of retrieved species.
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- 2022
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17. Emissivity retrievals with FORUM's end-to-end simulator: challenges and recommendations
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M. Ben-Yami, H. Oetjen, H. Brindley, W. Cossich, D. Lajas, T. Maestri, D. Magurno, P. Raspollini, L. Sgheri, and L. Warwick
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Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Earthwork. Foundations ,TA715-787 - Abstract
Spectral emissivity is a key property of the Earth's surface, of which only very few measurements exist so far in the far-infrared (FIR) spectral region, even though recent work has shown that the FIR is important for accurate modelling of the global climate. The European Space Agency's 9th Earth Explorer, FORUM (Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring) will provide the first global spectrally resolved measurements of the Earth's top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) spectrum in the FIR. In clear-sky conditions with low water vapour content, these measurements will provide a unique opportunity to retrieve spectrally resolved FIR surface emissivity. In preparation for the FORUM mission with an expected launch in 2027, this study takes the first steps towards the development of an operational emissivity retrieval for FORUM by investigating the sensitivity of the emissivity product of a full spectrum optimal estimation retrieval method to different physical and operational parameters. The tool used for the sensitivity tests is the FORUM mission's end-to-end simulator. These tests show that the spectral emissivity of most surface types can be retrieved for dry scenes in the 350–600 cm−1 region, with an absolute uncertainty ranging from 0.005 to 0.01. In addition, the quality of the retrieval is quantified with respect to the precipitable water vapour content of the scene, and the uncertainty caused by the correlation of emissivity with surface temperature is investigated. Based on these investigations, a road map is recommended for the development of the operational emissivity product.
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- 2022
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18. The FORUM end-to-end simulator project: architecture and results
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L. Sgheri, C. Belotti, M. Ben-Yami, G. Bianchini, B. Carnicero Dominguez, U. Cortesi, W. Cossich, S. Del Bianco, G. Di Natale, T. Guardabrazo, D. Lajas, T. Maestri, D. Magurno, H. Oetjen, P. Raspollini, and C. Sgattoni
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Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Earthwork. Foundations ,TA715-787 - Abstract
FORUM (Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring) will fly as the ninth ESA's Earth Explorer mission, and an end-to-end simulator (E2ES) has been developed as a support tool for the mission selection process and the subsequent development phases. The current status of the FORUM E2ES project is presented together with the characterization of the capabilities of a full physics retrieval code applied to FORUM data. We show how the instrument characteristics and the observed scene conditions impact on the spectrum measured by the instrument, accounting for the main sources of error related to the entire acquisition process, and the consequences on the retrieval algorithm. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous case studies are simulated in clear and cloudy conditions, validating the E2ES against appropriate well-established correlative codes. The performed tests show that the performance of the retrieval algorithm is compliant with the project requirements both in clear and cloudy conditions. The far-infrared (FIR) part of the FORUM spectrum is shown to be sensitive to surface emissivity, in dry atmospheric conditions, and to cirrus clouds, resulting in improved performance of the retrieval algorithm in these conditions. The retrieval errors increase with increasing the scene heterogeneity, both in terms of surface characteristics and in terms of fractional cloud cover of the scene.
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- 2022
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19. Exploring the Diversity and Predictors of Histopathological Findings Across the European Association of Urology Guidelines Office Rapid Reaction Group Priority Groups for Patients with Renal Tumors: Implications for Individualized Prioritization of Renal Cancer Care
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Riccardo Campi, Riccardo Tellini, Antonio Andrea Grosso, Alessio Pecoraro, Andrea Mari, Maria Rosaria Raspollini, Mauro Gacci, Marco Carini, Sergio Serni, and Andrea Minervini
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COVID-19 ,Histology ,Nephrectomy ,Prioritization ,Renal cancer ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines Office Rapid Reaction Group (GORRG) defined priority groups to guide the prioritization of surgery for nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this study we explored the diversity and predictors of histopathological findings across the EAU GORRG priority groups using a large database of 1734 consecutive patients undergoing elective surgery for nonmetastatic renal masses between 2017 and 2020 at a referral institution. Overall, 940 (54.2%), 358 (20.6%), and 436 (25.2%) patients were classified as low-, intermediate-, and high-priority, respectively. The low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups significantly differed regarding all primary histopathological outcomes: benign histology (21.6% vs 15.9% vs 6.4%; p
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- 2021
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20. Phosgene distribution derived from MIPAS ESA v8 data: intercomparisons and trends
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P. Pettinari, F. Barbara, S. Ceccherini, B. M. Dinelli, M. Gai, P. Raspollini, L. Sgheri, M. Valeri, G. Wetzel, N. Zoppetti, and M. Ridolfi
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Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Earthwork. Foundations ,TA715-787 - Abstract
The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) measured the middle-infrared limb emission spectrum of the atmosphere from 2002 to 2012 on board ENVISAT, a polar-orbiting satellite. Recently, the European Space Agency (ESA) completed the final reprocessing of MIPAS measurements, using version 8 of the level 1 and level 2 processors, which include more accurate models, processing strategies, and auxiliary data. The list of retrieved gases has been extended, and it now includes a number of new species with weak emission features in the MIPAS spectral range. The new retrieved trace species include carbonyl chloride (COCl2), also called phosgene. Due to its toxicity, its use has been reduced over the years; however, it is still used by chemical industries for several applications. Besides its direct injection in the troposphere, stratospheric phosgene is mainly produced from the photolysis of CCl4, a molecule present in the atmosphere because of human activity. Since phosgene has a long stratospheric lifetime, it must be carefully monitored as it is involved in the ozone destruction cycles, especially over the winter polar regions. In this paper we exploit the ESA MIPAS version 8 data in order to discuss the phosgene distribution, variability, and trends in the middle and lower stratosphere and in the upper troposphere. The zonal averages show that phosgene volume mixing ratio is larger in the stratosphere, with a peak of 40 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) between 50 and 30 hPa at equatorial latitudes, while at middle and polar latitudes it varies from 10 to 25 pptv. A moderate seasonal variability is observed in polar regions, mostly between 80 and 50 hPa. The comparison of MIPAS–ENVISAT COCl2 v8 profiles with the ones retrieved from MIPAS balloon and ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment – Fourier Transform Spectrometer) measurements highlights a negative bias of about 2 pptv, mainly in polar and mid-latitude regions. Part of this bias is attributed to the fact that the ESA level 2 v8 processor uses an updated spectroscopic database. For the trend computation, a fixed pressure grid is used to interpolate the phosgene profiles, and, for each pressure level, VMR (volume mixing ratio) monthly averages are computed in pre-defined 10∘ wide latitude bins. Then, for each latitudinal bin and pressure level, a regression model has been fitted to the resulting time series in order to derive the atmospheric trends. We find that the phosgene trends are different in the two hemispheres. The analysis shows that the stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere is characterized by a negative trend of about −7 pptv per decade, while in the Southern Hemisphere phosgene mixing ratios increase with a rate of the order of +4 pptv per decade. This behavior resembles the stratospheric trend of CCl4, which is the main stratospheric source of COCl2. In the upper troposphere a positive trend is found in both hemispheres.
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- 2021
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21. The ESA MIPAS/Envisat level2-v8 dataset: 10 years of measurements retrieved with ORM v8.22
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B. M. Dinelli, P. Raspollini, M. Gai, L. Sgheri, M. Ridolfi, S. Ceccherini, F. Barbara, N. Zoppetti, E. Castelli, E. Papandrea, P. Pettinari, A. Dehn, A. Dudhia, M. Kiefer, A. Piro, J.-M. Flaud, M. López-Puertas, D. Moore, J. Remedios, and M. Bianchini
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Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Earthwork. Foundations ,TA715-787 - Abstract
The observations acquired during the full mission of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instrument, aboard the European Space Agency Environmental Satellite (Envisat), have been analysed with version 8.22 of the Optimised Retrieval Model (ORM), originally developed as the scientific prototype of the ESA level-2 processor for MIPAS observations. The results of the analyses have been included into the MIPAS level-2 version 8 (level2-v8) database containing atmospheric fields of pressure, temperature, and volume mixing ratio (VMR) of MIPAS main targets H2O, O3, HNO3, CH4, N2O, and NO2, along with the minor gases CFC-11, ClONO2, N2O5, CFC-12, COF2, CCl4, CF4, HCFC-22, C2H2, CH3Cl, COCl2, C2H6, OCS, and HDO. The database covers all the measurements acquired by MIPAS in the nominal measurement mode of the full resolution (FR) part of the mission (from July 2002 to March 2004) and all the observation modes of the optimised resolution (OR) part (from January 2005 to April 2012). The number of species included in the MIPAS level2-v8 dataset makes it of particular importance for the studies of stratospheric chemistry. The database is considered by ESA the final release of the MIPAS level-2 products. The ORM algorithm is operated at the vertical grid coincident to the tangent altitudes of the observations or to a subset of them, spanning (in the nominal mode) the altitude range from 6 to 68 km in the FR phase and from 6 to 70 km in the OR period. In the latitude domain, FR profiles are spaced by about 4.7∘, while the OR profiles are spaced by about 3.7∘. For each retrieved species, the auxiliary data and the retrieval choices are described. Each product is characterised in terms of the retrieval error, spatial resolution, and “useful” vertical range in both phases of the MIPAS mission. These depend on the characteristics of the measurements (spectral and vertical resolution of the measurements), the retrieval choices (number of spectral points included in the analyses, number of altitudes included in the vertical retrieval grid), and the information content of the measurements for each trace species. For temperature, water vapour, ozone, and nitric acid, the number of degrees of freedom is significantly larger in the OR phase than in the FR one, mainly due to the finer vertical measurement grid. In the FR phase, some trace species are characterised by a smaller retrieval error with respect to the OR phase, mainly due to the larger number of spectral points used in the analyses, along with the reduced vertical resolution. The way of handling possible caveats (negative VMR, vertical grid representation) is discussed. The quality of the retrieved profiles is assessed through four criteria, two providing information on the successful convergence of the retrieval iterations, one on the capability of the retrieval to reproduce the measurements, and one on the presence of outliers. An easy way to identify and filter the problematic profiles with the information contained in the output files is provided. MIPAS level2-v8 data are available to the scientific community through the ESA portal (https://doi.org/10.5270/EN1-c8hgqx4).
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- 2021
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22. The role of COVID-19 in prostate tissue inflammation: first pathological evidence
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Pecoraro, Alessio, Morselli, Simone, Raspollini, Maria Rosaria, Sebastianelli, Arcangelo, Nicoletti, Rossella, Manera, Alekseja, Campi, Riccardo, Liaci, Andrea, Serni, Sergio, and Gacci, Mauro
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- 2022
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23. GBB-Nadir and KLIMA: Two Full Physics Codes for the Computation of the Infrared Spectrum of the Planetary Radiation Escaping to Space
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Bianca Maria Dinelli, Samuele Del Bianco, Elisa Castelli, Alessio Di Roma, Giacomo Lorenzi, Margherita Premuda, Flavio Barbara, Marco Gai, Piera Raspollini, and Gianluca Di Natale
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radiative transfer ,forward models ,infrared ,planetary atmospheres ,Science - Abstract
In 2019 the Far-Infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM) mission was selected to be the 9th Earth Explorer mission of the European Space Agency (ESA). In the preparatory phase of the mission there was the need for accurate and versatile codes to compute the spectrally resolved Earth radiation escaping to space ( outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR), targets for the FORUM measurements.Moreover, for the study of planetary atmospheres, several instruments measuring the planetary radiation escaping to space have been deployed (i.e., the planetary Fourier spectrometer on Mars express or composite infrared spectrometer on Cassini). For both the analysis of the measurements of these instruments and the design of new instruments, reliable radiative transfer codes need to be available. In this paper, we describe two full physics codes, Geofit broadband-Nadir (GBB-Nadir) and Kyoto protocol-informed management of adaptation (KLIMA), both able to compute the OLR spectrum, while GBB-Nadir is only a forward model, and therefore computes the spectra only, KLIMA implements the computation of spectral radiance derivatives with respect to atmospheric parameters and therefore it is suitable to be used in retrieval codes. The GBB-Nadir code can be interfaced with radiative transfer solvers that include representations of multiple scatterings, making it suitable to compute the radiances in all-sky conditions. KLIMA has been extensively validated comparing its radiances to ones generated by the widely used line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM) code. In this paper, we describe the latest version of both codes and their comparison. We compared the optical depth computed by GBB-Nadir and KLIMA for given values of pressure, temperature and gas columns for most gases active in the far-infrared and thermal-infrared spectral regions. We show that the optical depths computed by the two codes are in very good agreement. We compared the simulated spectra in clear sky conditions for three different atmospheres (equatorial, mid-latitude and polar) at resolutions of the FORUM instrument. The differences found are well below the expected noise of the FORUM instrument. The KLIMA code has already been used to simulate the observations of the Mars atmosphere, while the limb version of the GBB code has been used to simulate the radiances measured in the limb geometry of planetary atmospheres (Titan and Jupiter). Therefore, we may safely affirm that both codes can be used to simulate the nadir measurements of planetary atmospheres.
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- 2023
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24. Lipoblastoma-like tumor of the spermatic cord: case report and review of the literature
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Gambarotti, Marco, Erdogan, Kivilcim E., Righi, Alberto, Benini, Stefania, Raspollini, Maria Rosaria, Rose, Augusto delle, Magagnoli, Giovanna, Sbaraglia, Marta, and Dei Tos, Angelo P.
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- 2021
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25. Feasibility of Intraoperative Proctosigmoidoscopy After Discoid Bowel Resection for Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis: A Pilot Multicenter Study.
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Raimondo, Diego, Ianieri, Manuel Maria, Raffone, Antonio, Ferla, Stefano, Raspollini, Arianna, Virgilio, Agnese, Govoni, Francesca, Pavone, Matteo, Neola, Daniele, Guida, Maurizio, del Governatore, Marco, Scambia, Giovanni, and Seracchioli, Renato
- Abstract
Although surgery is the gold standard treatment for pain refractory to medical management or partial occlusion owing to rectosigmoid endometriosis, surgical resection can be associated with major perioperative complications. From general surgery experience, intraoperative proctosigmoidoscopy has shown encouraging results as a feasible, safe, and effective technique in reducing the risk of complications related to intestinal anastomosis after segmental resection. Unfortunately, there are no studies evaluating its role after discoid resection for rectosigmoid endometriosis. A pilot, multicentric, observational, prospective, cohort study. Two academic hospitals, from March 1 to December 31, 2022. We enrolled all consecutive fertile-age patients affected by symptomatic endometriosis scheduled for laparoscopic discoid bowel resection. Inclusion criteria were (1) age between 18 and 50 years, (2) diagnosis of rectosigmoid endometriosis performed by transvaginal ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging, and (3) women scheduled for laparoscopic discoid bowel resection of endometriosis at low risk of segmental resection. During data analysis, enrolled patients were divided into 2 study groups for comparisons based on whether or not the intraoperative proctosigmoidoscopy was performed upon surgeons' discretion after discoid resection for treating endometriosis, in addition to standard integrity tests. Primary outcome was the rate of intraoperative proctosigmoidoscopy success. Secondary study outcomes were the differences between the intraoperative proctosigmoidoscopy group and the nonintraoperative proctosigmoidoscopy group in (1) mean of total operative time and (2) rate of perioperative complications. A total of 28 patients were enrolled and equally distributed in the 2 groups. The rate of intraoperative proctosigmoidoscopy success was 86%. No significant difference was reported between the 2 groups in terms of total operative time (p =.1) and intraoperative and postoperative complications (p =.5 and p = 1, respectively), with no surgical complication related to intraoperative proctosigmoidoscopy. Intraoperative proctosigmoidoscopy seems as a feasible and non–time-consuming intraoperative procedure in women undergone discoid resection for rectosigmoid endometriosis. Larger studies with longer follow-up period are necessary to confirm our findings and assess clinical benefits over standard procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. ESGO/ESTRO/ESP Guidelines for the management of patients with endometrial carcinoma
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Concin, Nicole, Creutzberg, Carien L., Vergote, Ignace, Cibula, David, Mirza, Mansoor Raza, Marnitz, Simone, Ledermann, Jonathan A., Bosse, Tjalling, Chargari, Cyrus, Fagotti, Anna, Fotopoulou, Christina, González-Martín, Antonio, Lax, Sigurd F., Lorusso, Domenica, Marth, Christian, Morice, Philippe, Nout, Remi A., O’Donnell, Dearbhaile E., Querleu, Denis, Raspollini, Maria Rosaria, Sehouli, Jalid, Sturdza, Alina E., Taylor, Alexandra, Westermann, Anneke M., Wimberger, Pauline, Colombo, Nicoletta, Planchamp, François, and Matias-Guiu, Xavier
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- 2021
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27. Numeracy in literacy courses for illiterate foreign adults
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Katia Raspollini
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alfabetizzazione numerica ,competenza di lettura ,formazione degli adulti ,insegnamento dell’italiano in contesto migratorio ,strategie di didattica inclusiva ,Theory and practice of education ,LB5-3640 ,Romanic languages ,PC1-5498 - Abstract
This paper aims to describe the relationship between numerical intelligence and the literacy process by referring to research on the topic conducted in the field of developmental psychology and neuroscience, together with the description of an educational course on numeracy designed for adult illiterate immigrants.
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- 2020
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28. PD-L1 expression in bladder primary in situ urothelial carcinoma: evaluation in BCG-unresponsive patients and BCG responders
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Pierconti, Francesco, Raspollini, Maria Rosaria, Martini, Maurizio, Larocca, Luigi Maria, Bassi, Pier Francesco, Bientinesi, Riccardo, Baroni, Gianna, Minervini, Andrea, Petracco, Guido, Pini, Giacomo Maria, and Patriarca, Carlo
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- 2020
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29. Clinicopathologic analysis of upper urinary tract carcinoma with variant histology
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Rolim, Inês, Henriques, Vanessa, Rolim, Nídia, Blanca, Ana, Marques, Rita Canas, Volavšek, Metka, Carvalho, Inês, Montironi, Rodolfo, Cimadamore, Alessia, Raspollini, Maria R., Cheng, Liang, and Lopez-Beltran, Antonio
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- 2020
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30. pT1 high-grade bladder cancer: histologic criteria, pitfalls in the assessment of invasion, and substaging
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Raspollini, Maria Rosaria, Montironi, Rodolfo, Mazzucchelli, Roberta, Cimadamore, Alessia, Cheng, Liang, and Lopez-Beltran, Antonio
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- 2020
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31. Adverse pathology after radical prostatectomy: the prognostic role of cumulative cancer length >6-mm threshold in prostate cancer–positive biopsies
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Simone Morselli, Arcangelo Sebastianelli, Riccardo Campi, Andrea Liaci, Linda Gabellini, Giovanni Tasso, Riccardo Fantechi, Stefano Venturini, Pietro Spatafora, Gianmartin Cito, Graziano Vignolini, Maria Rosaria Raspollini, Mauro Gacci, and Sergio Serni
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Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Background: To investigate the role of Cumulative Cancer Length (CCL) and PCa positive core number (PCapcn) in random prostate biopsies as predictors of Adverse Pathology (AP) at definitive pathology. Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients submitted to random ultrasound guided prostate biopsies for suspect PCa in our center since 2016. Inclusion criteria were PSA 3 ng/ml and age2mm) or PCa Positive Lymph Node. ROC curve was used to establish an appropriate CCL and PCapcn thresholds that were then investigated as predictors of AP at definitive pathology. Results: Among 882 eligible biopsies, 344 had PCa and underwent RP. Mean age was 64 years (SD 5). Mean PSA was 7.75 (SD: 3.66). At definitive pathology there were AP features in 196 (56.9%) RP. PCapcn and CCL were statistically significantly associated with AP (p6mm and PCapcn >3 thresholds for AP were established (Area: 0.769; p6mm AP had OR 5.462 (CI 95% 2.717-10.978) p3 had OR 7.127 (CI 95% 3.366-15.090) p6mm had OR 3.989 (CI 95% 1.839-8.652) p3 had OR 5.541 (CI 95% 2.390-12.849) p6mm or PCapcn >3 might be associated with AP features, in particular for low and favorable intermediate risk PCa. Keywords: Prostate cancer, Prostate biopsy, Upgrading, Adverse pathology, Clinically significant prostate cancer
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- 2019
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32. The role of prostate-specific antigen density in men with low-risk prostate cancer suitable for active surveillance: results of a prospective observational study
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Arcangelo Sebastianelli, Simone Morselli, Ferdinando Daniele Vitelli, Linda Gabellini, Giovanni Tasso, Stefano Venturini, Gianmartin Cito, Graziano Vignolini, Maria Rosaria Raspollini, Mauro Gacci, and Sergio Serni
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Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Background: Low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) is currently managed also with active surveillance (AS). However, up to 40% of patients in AS may require radical treatment at a long-term follow-up. The aim of our study is to further investigate the role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density in AS. Methods: A prospective observational study on PCa naïve patients with PSA
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- 2019
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33. The SPARC water vapour assessment II: profile-to-profile comparisons of stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour data sets obtained from satellites
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S. Lossow, F. Khosrawi, M. Kiefer, K. A. Walker, J.-L. Bertaux, L. Blanot, J. M. Russell, E. E. Remsberg, J. C. Gille, T. Sugita, C. E. Sioris, B. M. Dinelli, E. Papandrea, P. Raspollini, M. García-Comas, G. P. Stiller, T. von Clarmann, A. Dudhia, W. G. Read, G. E. Nedoluha, R. P. Damadeo, J. M. Zawodny, K. Weigel, A. Rozanov, F. Azam, K. Bramstedt, S. Noël, J. P. Burrows, H. Sagawa, Y. Kasai, J. Urban, P. Eriksson, D. P. Murtagh, M. E. Hervig, C. Högberg, D. F. Hurst, and K. H. Rosenlof
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Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Earthwork. Foundations ,TA715-787 - Abstract
Within the framework of the second SPARC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate) water vapour assessment (WAVAS-II), profile-to-profile comparisons of stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour were performed by considering 33 data sets derived from satellite observations of 15 different instruments. These comparisons aimed to provide a picture of the typical biases and drifts in the observational database and to identify data-set-specific problems. The observational database typically exhibits the largest biases below 70 hPa, both in absolute and relative terms. The smallest biases are often found between 50 and 5 hPa. Typically, they range from 0.25 to 0.5 ppmv (5 % to 10 %) in this altitude region, based on the 50 % percentile over the different comparison results. Higher up, the biases increase with altitude overall but this general behaviour is accompanied by considerable variations. Characteristic values vary between 0.3 and 1 ppmv (4 % to 20 %). Obvious data-set-specific bias issues are found for a number of data sets. In our work we performed a drift analysis for data sets overlapping for a period of at least 36 months. This assessment shows a wide range of drifts among the different data sets that are statistically significant at the 2σ uncertainty level. In general, the smallest drifts are found in the altitude range between about 30 and 10 hPa. Histograms considering results from all altitudes indicate the largest occurrence for drifts between 0.05 and 0.3 ppmv decade−1. Comparisons of our drift estimates to those derived from comparisons of zonal mean time series only exhibit statistically significant differences in slightly more than 3 % of the comparisons. Hence, drift estimates from profile-to-profile and zonal mean time series comparisons are largely interchangeable. As for the biases, a number of data sets exhibit prominent drift issues. In our analyses we found that the large number of MIPAS data sets included in the assessment affects our general results as well as the bias summaries we provide for the individual data sets. This is because these data sets exhibit a relative similarity with respect to the remaining data sets, despite the fact that they are based on different measurement modes and different processors implementing different retrieval choices. Because of that, we have by default considered an aggregation of the comparison results obtained from MIPAS data sets. Results without this aggregation are provided on multiple occasions to characterise the effects due to the numerous MIPAS data sets. Among other effects, they cause a reduction of the typical biases in the observational database.
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- 2019
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34. The Use of near Infra-Red Radiation Imaging after Injection of Indocyanine Green (NIR–ICG) during Laparoscopic Treatment of Benign Gynecologic Conditions: Towards Minimalized Surgery. A Systematic Review of Literature
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Antonio Raffone, Diego Raimondo, Alessia Oliviero, Arianna Raspollini, Antonio Travaglino, Marco Torella, Gaetano Riemma, Marco La Verde, Pasquale De Franciscis, Paolo Casadio, Renato Seracchioli, and Antonio Mollo
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laparoscopy ,innovation ,technology ,gynecology ,minimally-invasive ,fluorescent dye ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background and Objectives: To assess the use of near infrared radiation imaging after injection of indocyanine green (NIR–ICG) during laparoscopic treatment of benign gynecologic conditions. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed searching 7 electronic databases from their inception to March 2022 for all studies which assessed the use of NIR–ICG during laparoscopic treatment of benign gynecological conditions. Results: 16 studies (1 randomized within subject clinical trial and 15 observational studies) with 416 women were included. Thirteen studies assessed patients with endometriosis, and 3 studies assessed non-endometriosis patients. In endometriosis patients, NIR–ICG use appeared to be a safe tool for improving the visualization of endometriotic lesions and ureters, the surgical decision-making process with the assessment of ureteral perfusion after conservative surgery and the intraoperative assessment of bowel perfusion during recto-sigmoid endometriosis nodule surgery. In non-endometriosis patients, NIR–ICG use appeared to be a safe tool for evaluating vascular perfusion of the vaginal cuff during total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) and robotic-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy (RATLH), and intraoperative assessment of ovarian perfusion in adnexal torsion. Conclusions: NIR–ICG appeared to be a useful tool for enhancing laparoscopic treatment of some benign gynecologic conditions and for moving from minimally invasive surgery to minimalized surgery. In particular, it might improve treatment of endometriosis (with particular regard to deep infiltrating endometriosis), benign diseases requiring TLH and RATLH and adnexal torsion. However, although preliminary findings appear promising, further investigation with well-designed larger studies is needed.
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- 2022
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35. Digital versus light microscopy assessment of extraprostatic extension in radical prostatectomy samples
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Volavšek, Metka, Henriques, Vanessa, Blanca, Ana, Montironi, Rodolfo, Cheng, Liang, Raspollini, Maria R., Cimadamore, Alessia, Vau, Nuno, Pierconti, Francesco, and Lopez-Beltran, Antonio
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- 2019
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36. Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote prostate cancer malignancy via metabolic rewiring and mitochondrial transfer
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Ippolito, Luigi, Morandi, Andrea, Taddei, Maria Letizia, Parri, Matteo, Comito, Giuseppina, Iscaro, Alessandra, Raspollini, Maria Rosaria, Magherini, Francesca, Rapizzi, Elena, Masquelier, Julien, Muccioli, Giulio G., Sonveaux, Pierre, Chiarugi, Paola, and Giannoni, Elisa
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- 2019
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37. Lactate modulates CD4+ T-cell polarization and induces an immunosuppressive environment, which sustains prostate carcinoma progression via TLR8/miR21 axis
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Comito, G., Iscaro, A., Bacci, M., Morandi, A., Ippolito, L., Parri, M., Montagnani, I., Raspollini, M. R., Serni, S., Simeoni, L., Giannoni, E., and Chiarugi, P.
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- 2019
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38. Update of the International Consultation on Urological Diseases on bladder cancer 2018: non-urothelial cancers of the urinary bladder
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Alanee, Shaheen, Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel, Murugan, Paari, Kumar, Rajeev, Nepple, Kenneth G., Paner, Gladell P., Patel, Manish I., Raspollini, Maria Rosaria, Lopez-Beltran, Antonio, and Konety, Badrinath R.
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- 2019
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39. The SPARC water vapour assessment II: comparison of stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour time series observed from satellites
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F. Khosrawi, S. Lossow, G. P. Stiller, K. H. Rosenlof, J. Urban, J. P. Burrows, R. P. Damadeo, P. Eriksson, M. García-Comas, J. C. Gille, Y. Kasai, M. Kiefer, G. E. Nedoluha, S. Noël, P. Raspollini, W. G. Read, A. Rozanov, C. E. Sioris, K. A. Walker, and K. Weigel
- Subjects
Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Earthwork. Foundations ,TA715-787 - Abstract
Time series of stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour using 33 data sets from 15 different satellite instruments were compared in the framework of the second SPARC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate) water vapour assessment (WAVAS-II). This comparison aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the typical uncertainties in the observational database that can be considered in the future in observational and modelling studies, e.g addressing stratospheric water vapour trends. The time series comparisons are presented for the three latitude bands, the Antarctic (80°–70° S), the tropics (15° S–15° N) and the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes (50°–60° N) at four different altitudes (0.1, 3, 10 and 80 hPa) covering the stratosphere and lower mesosphere. The combined temporal coverage of observations from the 15 satellite instruments allowed the consideration of the time period 1986–2014. In addition to the qualitative comparison of the time series, the agreement of the data sets is assessed quantitatively in the form of the spread (i.e. the difference between the maximum and minimum volume mixing ratios among the data sets), the (Pearson) correlation coefficient and the drift (i.e. linear changes of the difference between time series over time). Generally, good agreement between the time series was found in the middle stratosphere while larger differences were found in the lower mesosphere and near the tropopause. Concerning the latitude bands, the largest differences were found in the Antarctic while the best agreement was found for the tropics. From our assessment we find that most data sets can be considered in future observational and modelling studies, e.g. addressing stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour variability and trends, if data set specific characteristics (e.g. drift) and restrictions (e.g. temporal and spatial coverage) are taken into account.
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- 2018
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40. The central role of the pathologist in the management of patients with cervical cancer: ESGO/ESTRO/ESP guidelines
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Raspollini, Maria Rosaria, Lax, Sigurd F., and McCluggage, W Glenn
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- 2018
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41. The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology/European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology/European Society of Pathology Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Cervical Cancer
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Cibula, David, Pötter, Richard, Planchamp, François, Avall-Lundqvist, Elisabeth, Fischerova, Daniela, Haie-Meder, Christine, Köhler, Christhardt, Landoni, Fabio, Lax, Sigurd, Lindegaard, Jacob Christian, Mahantshetty, Umesh, Mathevet, Patrice, McCluggage, W. Glenn, McCormack, Mary, Naik, Raj, Nout, Remi, Pignata, Sandro, Ponce, Jordi, Querleu, Denis, Raspagliesi, Francesco, Rodolakis, Alexandros, Tamussino, Karl, Wimberger, Pauline, and Raspollini, Maria Rosaria
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- 2018
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42. Digital versus light microscopy assessment of surgical margin status after radical prostatectomy
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Volavšek, Metka, Blanca, Ana, Montironi, Rodolfo, Cheng, Liang, Raspollini, Maria R., Vau, Nuno, Fonseca, Jorge, Pierconti, Francesco, and Lopez-Beltran, Antonio
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- 2018
- Full Text
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43. The SPARC water vapor assessment II: intercomparison of satellite and ground-based microwave measurements
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G. E. Nedoluha, M. Kiefer, S. Lossow, R. M. Gomez, N. Kämpfer, M. Lainer, P. Forkman, O. M. Christensen, J. J. Oh, P. Hartogh, J. Anderson, K. Bramstedt, B. M. Dinelli, M. Garcia-Comas, M. Hervig, D. Murtagh, P. Raspollini, W. G. Read, K. Rosenlof, G. P. Stiller, and K. A. Walker
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Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
As part of the second SPARC (Stratosphere–troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate) water vapor assessment (WAVAS-II), we present measurements taken from or coincident with seven sites from which ground-based microwave instruments measure water vapor in the middle atmosphere. Six of the ground-based instruments are part of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and provide datasets that can be used for drift and trend assessment. We compare measurements from these ground-based instruments with satellite datasets that have provided retrievals of water vapor in the lower mesosphere over extended periods since 1996. We first compare biases between the satellite and ground-based instruments from the upper stratosphere to the upper mesosphere. We then show a number of time series comparisons at 0.46 hPa, a level that is sensitive to changes in H2O and CH4 entering the stratosphere but, because almost all CH4 has been oxidized, is relatively insensitive to dynamical variations. Interannual variations and drifts are investigated with respect to both the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS; from 2004 onwards) and each instrument's climatological mean. We find that the variation in the interannual difference in the mean H2O measured by any two instruments is typically ∼ 1%. Most of the datasets start in or after 2004 and show annual increases in H2O of 0–1 % yr−1. In particular, MLS shows a trend of between 0.5 % yr−1 and 0.7 % yr−1 at the comparison sites. However, the two longest measurement datasets used here, with measurements back to 1996, show much smaller trends of +0.1 % yr−1 (at Mauna Loa, Hawaii) and −0.1 % yr−1 (at Lauder, New Zealand).
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- 2017
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44. Comparison of the GOSAT TANSO-FTS TIR CH volume mixing ratio vertical profiles with those measured by ACE-FTS, ESA MIPAS, IMK-IAA MIPAS, and 16 NDACC stations
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K. S. Olsen, K. Strong, K. A. Walker, C. D. Boone, P. Raspollini, J. Plieninger, W. Bader, S. Conway, M. Grutter, J. W. Hannigan, F. Hase, N. Jones, M. de Mazière, J. Notholt, M. Schneider, D. Smale, R. Sussmann, and N. Saitoh
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Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Earthwork. Foundations ,TA715-787 - Abstract
The primary instrument on the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) is the Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observations (TANSO) Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS). TANSO-FTS uses three short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands to retrieve total columns of CO2 and CH4 along its optical line of sight and one thermal infrared (TIR) channel to retrieve vertical profiles of CO2 and CH4 volume mixing ratios (VMRs) in the troposphere. We examine version 1 of the TANSO-FTS TIR CH4 product by comparing co-located CH4 VMR vertical profiles from two other remote-sensing FTS systems: the Canadian Space Agency's Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment FTS (ACE-FTS) on SCISAT (version 3.5) and the European Space Agency's Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on Envisat (ESA ML2PP version 6 and IMK-IAA reduced-resolution version V5R_CH4_224/225), as well as 16 ground stations with the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). This work follows an initial inter-comparison study over the Arctic, which incorporated a ground-based FTS at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) at Eureka, Canada, and focuses on tropospheric and lower-stratospheric measurements made at middle and tropical latitudes between 2009 and 2013 (mid-2012 for MIPAS). For comparison, vertical profiles from all instruments are interpolated onto a common pressure grid, and smoothing is applied to ACE-FTS, MIPAS, and NDACC vertical profiles. Smoothing is needed to account for differences between the vertical resolution of each instrument and differences in the dependence on a priori profiles. The smoothing operators use the TANSO-FTS a priori and averaging kernels in all cases. We present zonally averaged mean CH4 differences between each instrument and TANSO-FTS with and without smoothing, and we examine their information content, their sensitive altitude range, their correlation, their a priori dependence, and the variability within each data set. Partial columns are calculated from the VMR vertical profiles, and their correlations are examined. We find that the TANSO-FTS vertical profiles agree with the ACE-FTS and both MIPAS retrievals' vertical profiles within 4 % (± ∼ 40 ppbv) below 15 km when smoothing is applied to the profiles from instruments with finer vertical resolution but that the relative differences can increase to on the order of 25 % when no smoothing is applied. Computed partial columns are tightly correlated for each pair of data sets. We investigate whether the difference between TANSO-FTS and other CH4 VMR data products varies with latitude. Our study reveals a small dependence of around 0.1 % per 10 degrees latitude, with smaller differences over the tropics and greater differences towards the poles.
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- 2017
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45. CCl4 distribution derived from MIPAS ESA v7 data: intercomparisons, trend, and lifetime estimation
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M. Valeri, F. Barbara, C. Boone, S. Ceccherini, M. Gai, G. Maucher, P. Raspollini, M. Ridolfi, L. Sgheri, G. Wetzel, and N. Zoppetti
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Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Atmospheric emissions of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) are regulated by the Montreal Protocol due to its role as a strong ozone-depleting substance. The molecule has been the subject of recent increased interest as a consequence of the so-called mystery of CCl4, the discrepancy between atmospheric observations and reported production and consumption. Surface measurements of CCl4 atmospheric concentrations have declined at a rate almost 3 times lower than its lifetime-limited rate, suggesting persistent atmospheric emissions despite the ban. In this paper, we study CCl4 vertical and zonal distributions in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (including the photolytic loss region, 70–20 hPa), its trend, and its stratospheric lifetime using measurements from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), which operated onboard the ENVISAT satellite from 2002 to 2012. Specifically, we use the MIPAS data product generated with Version 7 of the Level 2 algorithm operated by the European Space Agency.The CCl4 zonal means show features typical of long-lived species of anthropogenic origin that are destroyed primarily in the stratosphere, with larger quantities in the troposphere and a monotonic decrease with increasing altitude in the stratosphere. MIPAS CCl4 measurements have been compared with independent measurements from other satellite and balloon-borne remote sounders, showing a good agreement between the different datasets.CCl4 trends are calculated as a function of both latitude and altitude. Negative trends of about −10 to −15 pptv decade−1 (−10 to −30 % decade−1) are found at all latitudes in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere region, apart from a region in the southern midlatitudes between 50 and 10 hPa where the trend is positive with values around 5–10 pptv decade−1 (15–20 % decade−1). At the lowest altitudes sounded by MIPAS, we find trends consistent with those determined on the basis of long-term ground-based measurements (−10 to −13 pptv decade−1). For higher altitudes, the trend shows a pronounced asymmetry between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, and the magnitude of the decline rate increases with altitude. We use a simplified model assuming tracer–tracer linear correlations to determine CCl4 lifetime in the lower stratosphere. The calculation provides a global average lifetime of 47 (39–61) years, considering CFC-11 as the reference tracer. This value is consistent with the most recent literature result of 44 (36–58) years.
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- 2017
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46. Merged ozone profiles from four MIPAS processors
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A. Laeng, T. von Clarmann, G. Stiller, B. M. Dinelli, A. Dudhia, P. Raspollini, N. Glatthor, U. Grabowski, V. Sofieva, L. Froidevaux, K. A. Walker, and C. Zehner
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Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Earthwork. Foundations ,TA715-787 - Abstract
The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) was an infrared (IR) limb emission spectrometer on the Envisat platform. Currently, there are four MIPAS ozone data products, including the operational Level-2 ozone product processed at ESA, with the scientific prototype processor being operated at IFAC Florence, and three independent research products developed by the Istituto di Fisica Applicata Nello Carrara (ISAC-CNR)/University of Bologna, Oxford University, and the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology–Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (KIT–IMK/IAA). Here we present a dataset of ozone vertical profiles obtained by merging ozone retrievals from four independent Level-2 MIPAS processors. We also discuss the advantages and the shortcomings of this merged product. As the four processors retrieve ozone in different parts of the spectra (microwindows), the source measurements can be considered as nearly independent with respect to measurement noise. Hence, the information content of the merged product is greater and the precision is better than those of any parent (source) dataset. The merging is performed on a profile per profile basis. Parent ozone profiles are weighted based on the corresponding error covariance matrices; the error correlations between different profile levels are taken into account. The intercorrelations between the processors' errors are evaluated statistically and are used in the merging. The height range of the merged product is 20–55 km, and error covariance matrices are provided as diagnostics. Validation of the merged dataset is performed by comparison with ozone profiles from ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment–Fourier Transform Spectrometer) and MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder). Even though the merging is not supposed to remove the biases of the parent datasets, around the ozone volume mixing ratio peak the merged product is found to have a smaller (up to 0.1 ppmv) bias with respect to ACE-FTS than any of the parent datasets. The bias with respect to MLS is of the order of 0.15 ppmv at 20–30 km height and up to 0.45 ppmv at larger altitudes. The agreement between the merged data MIPAS dataset with ACE-FTS is better than that with MLS. This is, however, the case for all parent processors as well.
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- 2017
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47. The SPARC water vapour assessment II: comparison of annual, semi-annual and quasi-biennial variations in stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour observed from satellites
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S. Lossow, F. Khosrawi, G. E. Nedoluha, F. Azam, K. Bramstedt, Burrows, B. M. Dinelli, P. Eriksson, P. J. Espy, M. García-Comas, J. C. Gille, M. Kiefer, S. Noël, P. Raspollini, W. G. Read, K. H. Rosenlof, A. Rozanov, C. E. Sioris, G. P. Stiller, K. A. Walker, and K. Weigel
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Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 ,Earthwork. Foundations ,TA715-787 - Abstract
In the framework of the second SPARC (Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate) water vapour assessment (WAVAS-II), the amplitudes and phases of the annual, semi-annual and quasi-biennial variation in stratospheric and lower mesospheric water were compared using 30 data sets from 13 different satellite instruments. These comparisons aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the typical uncertainties in the observational database which can be considered in subsequent observational and modelling studies. For the amplitudes, a good agreement of their latitude and altitude distribution was found. Quantitatively there were differences in particular at high latitudes, close to the tropopause and in the lower mesosphere. In these regions, the standard deviation over all data sets typically exceeded 0.2 ppmv for the annual variation and 0.1 ppmv for the semi-annual and quasi-biennial variation. For the phase, larger differences between the data sets were found in the lower mesosphere. Generally the smallest phase uncertainties can be observed in regions where the amplitude of the variability is large. The standard deviations of the phases for all data sets were typically smaller than a month for the annual and semi-annual variation and smaller than 5 months for the quasi-biennial variation. The amplitude and phase differences among the data sets are caused by a combination of factors. In general, differences in the temporal variation of systematic errors and in the observational sampling play a dominant role. In addition, differences in the vertical resolution of the data, the considered time periods and influences of clouds, aerosols as well as non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) effects cause differences between the individual data sets.
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- 2017
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48. International Society of Urological Pathology Consensus Conference on Current Issues in Bladder Cancer. Working Group 4
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Warrick, Joshua I., Al-Ahmadie, Hikmat, Berman, David M., Black, Peter C., Flaig, Thomas W., Höglund, Mattias, Bubendorf, Lukas, van der Kwast, Theodorus H., Cheng, Liang, Adeniran, Adebowale, Al-Ahimadie, Hikmat, Algaba, Fernando, Allory, Yves, Bhattarai, Selina, Black, Peter, Berman, David, Bertz, Simone, Bubendorf, Lukas, Carlsen, Birgitte, Carvalho, Rita, Cheng, Liang, Chijioke, Obinna, Cho, Yong Mee, Comperat, Eva, di Cunha, Isabela, Dagher, Julien, de Cunha, Isabella, Delahunt, Brett, Downes, Michelle, Flaig, Thomas, Fleischmann, Achim, Florescu, Cosmin, Fontugne, Jacqueline, Genitsch, Vera, Gløersen, Guro Horni, von Gunten, Michael, Grobholz, Rainer, HanselArndt Hartmann, Donna, Hernandez, Loren Herrera, Hogland, Mattias, Huang, Jiaoti, Jensen, Brad, Iczkowski, Kenneth, Jimenez, Rafael, Jovanovic, Bojana, Kamat, Ashish, Koellermann, Jens, Levin, Trevor, Liedberg, Fredrik, Lopez-Beltran, Antonio, Loya, Anand C, Lyngra, Marianne, McHale, Teresa, Mokeddem, Khadidja, Netto, George, Nourieh, Maya, O’Rourke, Declan, Ostahi, Irina-Alexandra, Paner, Gladell, Picken, Maria M, Pineda, Flavia Guzman, Raspollini, Camelia Radulescu Maria, Reis, Henning, Ruoyu, Shi, Samaratunga, Hemamali, Semba, Remi, Shah, Nigam, Shen, Steven, Smith, Steven, Smith, Tovia, Srigley, John, Suzigan, Sueli, Swarbrick, Nicole, Szalay, Ildiko, Talleraas, Inger, Tille, Jean-Christophe, Toma, Marieta, Trias, Isabel, Tsuzuki, Toyonori, van der Kwast, Theodorus, van Rhijn, Bas, Varma, Murali, Verbeke, Sofie, Verma, Sangeeta, Vlajnic, Tatjana, Vlatkovic, Ljiljana, Warren, Anne, Warrick, Joshua, Williamson, Sean, Wobker, Sara, Woods, Clifton, Yang, Chen, and Yoon, Ghilsuk
- Abstract
Molecular subtyping has been a major focus of bladder cancer research over the past decade. Despite many promising associations with clinical outcomes and treatment response, its clinical impact has yet to be defined. As part of the 2022 International Society of Urological Pathology Conference on Bladder Cancer, we reviewed the current state of the science for bladder cancer molecular subtyping. Our review included several different subtyping systems. We derived the following 7 principles, which summarize progress and challenges of molecular subtyping: (1) bladder cancer has 3 major molecular subtypes: luminal, basal-squamous, and neuroendocrine; (2) signatures of the tumor microenvironment differ greatly among bladder cancers, particularly among luminal tumors; (3) luminal bladder cancers are biologically diverse, and much of this diversity results from differences in features unrelated to the tumor microenvironment, such as FGFR3 signaling and RB1 inactivation; (4) molecular subtype of bladder cancer associates with tumor stage and histomorphology; (5) many subtyping systems include idiosyncrasies, such as subtypes recognized by no other system; (6) there are broad fuzzy borders between molecular subtypes, and cases that fall on these fuzzy borders are often classified differently by different subtyping systems; and (7) when there are histomorphologically distinct regions within a single tumor, the molecular subtypes of these regions are often discordant. We reviewed several use cases for molecular subtyping, highlighting their promise as clinical biomarkers. Finally, we conclude that data are currently insufficient to support the routine use of molecular subtyping to guide bladder cancer management, an opinion shared with the majority of conference attendees. We also conclude that molecular subtype should not be considered an “intrinsic” property of a tumor but should instead be considered the result of a specific laboratory test, performed using a specific testing platform and classification algorithm, validated for a specific clinical application.
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- 2024
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49. International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Current Issues in Bladder Cancer
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Lopez-Beltran, Antonio, Raspollini, Maria R., Hansel, Donna, Compérat, Eva, Williamson, Sean R., Liedberg, Fredrik, Iczkowski, Kenneth A., Bubendorf, Lukas, van der Kwast, Theodorus H., and Cheng, Liang
- Abstract
Emerging data on T1 bladder cancer subcategorization (aka substaging) suggests a correlation with oncological outcomes. The International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) organized the 2022 consensus conference in Basel, Switzerland to focus on current issues in bladder cancer and tasked working group 3 to make recommendations for T1 subcategorization in transurethral bladder resections. For this purpose, the ISUP developed and circulated a survey to their membership querying approaches to T1 bladder cancer subcategorization. In particular, clinical relevance, pathological reporting, and endorsement of T1 subcategorization in the daily practice of pathology were surveyed. Of the respondents of the premeeting survey, about 40% do not routinely report T1 subcategory. We reviewed literature on bladder T1 subcategorization, and screened selected articles for clinical performance and practicality of T1 subcategorization methods. Published literature offered evidence of the clinical rationale for T1 subcategorization and at the conference consensus (83% of conference attendants) was obtained to report routinely T1 subcategorization of transurethral resections. Semiquantitative T1 subcategorization was favored (37%) over histoanatomic methods (4%). This is in line with literature findings on practicality and prognostic impact, that is, a shift of publications from histoanatomic to semiquantitative methods or by reports incorporating both methodologies is apparent over the last decade. However, 59% of participants had no preference for either methodology. They would add a comment in the report briefly stating applied method, interpretation criteria (including cutoff), and potential limitations. When queried on the terminology of T1 subcategorization, 34% and 20% of participants were in favor of T1 (microinvasive) versus T1 (extensive) or T1 (focal) versus T1 (nonfocal), respectively.
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- 2024
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50. International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Current Issues in Bladder Cancer. Working Group 2
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Paner, Gladell P., Kamat, Ashish, Netto, George J., Samaratunga, Hemamali, Varma, Murali, Bubendorf, Lukas, van der Kwast, Theodorus H., Cheng, Liang, Adeniran, Adebowale, Al-Ahimadie, Hikmat, Algaba, Fernando, Bhattarai, Yves Allory Selina, Black, Peter, Berman, David, Bertz, Simone, Bubendorf, Lukas, Carlsen, Birgitte, Carvalho, Rita, Cheng, Liang, Chijioke, Obinna, Cho, Yong Mee, Comperat, Eva, di Cunha, Isabela, Dagher, Julien, de Cunha, Isabella, Delahunt, Brett, Downes, Michelle, Flaig, Thomas, Fleischmann, Achim, Florescu, Cosmin, Fontugne, Jacqueline, Genitsch, Vera, Gløersen, Guro Horni, von Gunten, Michael, Grobholz, Rainer, Hansel, Donna, Hartmann, Arndt, Hernandez, Loren Herrera, Hogland, Mattias, Huang, Jiaoti, Jensen, Brad, Iczkowski, Kenneth, Jimenez, Rafael, Jovanovic, Bojana, Kamat, Ashish, Koellermann, Jens, Levin, Trevor, Liedberg, Fredrik, Lopez-Beltran, Antonio, Loya, Anand C, Lyngra, Marianne, McHale, Teresa, Mokeddem, Khadidja, Netto, George, Nourieh, Maya, O’Rourke, Declan, Ostahi, Irina-Alexandra, Paner, Gladell, Picken, Maria M, Pineda, Flavia Guzman, Raspollini, Camelia Radulescu Maria, Reis, Henning, Ruoyu, Shi, Samaratunga, Hemamali, Semba, Remi, Shah, Nigam, Shen, Steven, Smith, Steven, Smith, Tovia, Srigley, John, Suzigan, Sueli, Swarbrick, Nicole, Szalay, Ildiko, Talleraas, Inger, Tille, Jean-Christophe, Toma, Marieta, Trias, Isabel, Tsuzuki, Toyonori, van der Kwast, Theodorus, van Rhijn, Bas, Varma, Murali, Verbeke, Sofie, Verma, Sangeeta, Vlajnic, Tatjana, Vlatkovic, Ljiljana, Warren, Anne, Warrick, Joshua, Williamson, Sean, Wobker, Sara, Woods, Clifton, Yang, Chen, and Yoon, Ghilsuk
- Abstract
The 2022 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Urinary Bladder Cancer Working Group 2 was tasked to provide evidence-based proposals on the applications of grading in noninvasive urothelial carcinoma with mixed grades, invasive urothelial carcinoma including subtypes (variants) and divergent differentiations, and in pure non-urothelial carcinomas. Studies suggested that predominantly low-grade noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma with focal high-grade component has intermediate outcome between low- and high-grade tumors. However, no consensus was reached on how to define a focal high-grade component. By 2004 WHO grading, the vast majority of lamina propria-invasive (T1) urothelial carcinomas are high-grade, and the rare invasive low-grade tumors show only limited superficial invasion. While by 1973 WHO grading, the vast majority of T1 urothelial carcinomas are G2 and G3 and show significant differences in outcome based on tumor grade. No consensus was reached if T1 tumors should be graded either by the 2004 WHO system or by the 1973 WHO system. Because of the concern for underdiagnosis and underreporting with potential undertreatment, participants unanimously recommended that the presence of urothelial carcinoma subtypes and divergent differentiations should be reported. There was consensus that the extent of these subtypes and divergent differentiations should also be documented in biopsy, transurethral resection, and cystectomy specimens. Any distinct subtype and divergent differentiation should be diagnosed without a threshold cutoff, and each type should be enumerated in tumors with combined morphologies. The participants agreed that all subtypes and divergent differentiations should be considered high-grade according to the 2004 WHO grading system. However, participants strongly acknowledged that subtypes and divergent differentiations should not be considered as a homogenous group in terms of behavior. Thus, future studies should focus on individual subtypes and divergent differentiations rather than lumping these different entities into a single clinicopathological group. Likewise, clinical recommendations should pay attention to the potential heterogeneity of subtypes and divergent differentiations in terms of behavior and response to therapy. There was consensus that invasive pure squamous cell carcinoma and pure adenocarcinoma of the bladder should be graded according to the degree of differentiation. In conclusion, this summary of the International Society of Urological Pathology Working Group 2 proceedings addresses some of the issues on grading beyond its traditional application, including for papillary urothelial carcinomas with mixed grades and with invasive components. Reporting of subtypes and divergent differentiation is also addressed in detail, acknowledging their role in risk stratification. This report could serve as a guide for best practices and may advise future research and proposals on the prognostication of these tumors.
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- 2024
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