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Noise is one of the harmful health factors in industrial sites. Hearing impairments are one of the most common occupational diseases in a wide range of industries. The aim of this study is to determine the general prevalence of noise-induced hearing disorders among industrial workers and to homogenize the results of different studies in this field. In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, the keywords of Occupational Noise, Hearing Impairment, Workers, Industry in Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases without any lower time limit and until March 2022. Details of the identified studies were then transferred into the EndNote reference management software. Subsequently, duplicate studies were eliminated, and the remaining studies were evaluated in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria and through the three remaining phases of PRISMA i.e., screening, eligibility, and inclusion. To analyze the eligible studies, the random effects model was used, and the heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using the I 2 index. In a review of 69 studies with a sample size of 3,552,888 people, the overall prevalence of hearing impairment among industrial workers was 28.8% (95% CI 26.2%-31.6%). The highest prevalence of hearing impairments was reported among agricultural and fishery workers with 45.7% (95% CI 35.1%-56.7%), and the highest prevalence of hearing impairment among industrial workers was found in the continent of Africa with 46.2% (95% CI 37.4%-55.2%). Due to the higher prevalence of hearing impairments among men, the elderly and in developing countries, it is necessary to establish pertinent laws and regulations in order for workers to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and mandate employers to provide hearing protection programs., Competing Interests: Conflict of InterestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia has significantly increased and can be associated with severe complications such as chronic diseases and mortality. Despite numerous studies, a comprehensive estimate of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the global prevalence of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. This study was conducted as a systematic review and meta-analysis based on PRISMA guidelines without time restrictions until April 1, 2024. Relevant articles were identified through searches in databases including Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and Google Scholar, using key terms combined with AND & OR operators. After removing duplicates and conducting primary and secondary screening, 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Data were analysed using the random-effects model in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2 software. This analysis included 12 studies with 1,953 participants. The pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 41.3% (95% CI: 28.8-55.1), with significant heterogeneity (I 2 : 96.3%). The highest prevalence was reported in France (79.1%) and the lowest in China (18.03%). Over one-third of patients with schizophrenia are affected by metabolic syndrome. Hence, greater attention should be paid to the prevention and reduction of complications and mortality associated with metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate Not applicable. Consent for Publication Not applicable. Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Nurses face various ethical conflicts when taking care of patients, and such conflicts require moral courage. This systematic review was conducted with the aim of investigating moral courage and its related factors among nurses., Methods: To find related studies, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase and Science Direct databases were searched using keywords such as Courage, Moral Courage, and Nurses, and no lower time limit was imposed when conducting the searches. The identified studies were published between January 2000 and March 2023. Quality of articles was assessed using the STROBE checklist., Results: The pooled sample size for the 19 included studies was 7863. All studies were observational and cross-sectional. The results showed that three categories of factors most related to moral courage are individual, moral, and factors related to the organization. Underlying factors of each category are also provided within this paper., Conclusion: Moral courage is an integral part of nursing, which as a profession, is becoming even more challenging with the advancement of science and technology. Therefore, there is a need for nurses and especially nursing managers to be considerate of factors affecting moral courage of nurses, with a view to strengthening the positive factors and reducing the negative impacts., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Sleep disorders are conditions that have long-term effects on health, quality of sexual function, productivity at work, and overall quality of life. Considering that reports on menopausal sleep disorders are heterogeneous, the aim of this research was to determine the global prevalence of sleep disorders during menopause by meta-analysis., Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, WoS, ScienceDirect, and Embase databases were checked with suitable keywords. All screening stages of articles were reviewed based on PRISMA and their quality was determined based on STROBE. Data analysis, examination of heterogeneity, and publication bias of factors affecting heterogeneity were performed in CMA software., Results: The overall prevalence of sleep disorders among postmenopausal women was 51.6% (95% CI: 44.6-58.5%). The upper prevalence of sleep disorders was among postmenopausal women at 54.7% (95% CI: 47.2-62.1%). The upper prevalence of sleep disorders in the same population category was related to restless legs syndrome with a prevalence of 63.8% (95% CI: 10.6-96.3%)., Conclusion: In this meta-analysis, sleep disorders during menopause were found to be common and significant. Therefore, it is recommended that health policymakers offer pertinent interventions in relation to the health and hygiene of sleep for women in menopause., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Background and Objective: Constipation is one of the most common functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in older adults. To date, no systematic review or previous meta-analysis has estimated the global prevalence of constipation in older adults. The prevalence of this disorder has been reported differently in different studies; therefore, this study aims to systematically review the publications and to perform a meta-analysis of the prevalence of constipation in older adults., Methods: The electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were systematically searched for studies reporting the prevalence of constipation in older adults up to February 2022. To perform the analysis, the random effects model was used, and heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q test and expressed as I 2 ., Results: Out of 5341 evaluated publications, 36 met the eligibility criteria. These studies included 58,405 older adults aged 60-93 years. The overall prevalence of constipation in older adults was 18.9% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 14.7-23.9%). The prevalence of constipation in older adults according to Rome II criteria was 16.2% (95% CI: 6.8-33.7), based on Rome III criteria was 19.2% (95% CI: 12.6-28.1), and based on Rome IV criteria was 10.3% (95% CI: 5.8-17.7). The highest prevalence of constipation was found in older adults in Africa at 32.3% (95% CI: 21.5-45.4), and the lowest in Asia at 13.6% (95% CI: 9.1-19.9). Concerning diagnostic tools, the highest prevalence of constipation was found if a self-reporting tool was applied with a value of 19.7% (95% CI: 15.8-24.3)., Conclusion: The results suggest that health policymakers should pay more attention to the prevention of constipation in older adults, including raising public awareness to the importance of nutrition and diet and physical activity in older adults., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Stress and over-care burden are problems for mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Therefore, it seems necessary to evaluation of coping with stress according to the burden of care for these mothers. This study aimed to determine the relationship between care burden with coping styles and resilience of mothers of children with ASD., Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study performed on mothers of children with ASD in Kermanshah, Iran. Participants in the study were selected by convenience sampling. A Demographic questionnaire, Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Coping strategies questionnaire (CSQ) were used for collecting data. Then it was analyzed through an independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation test., Results: The mean total score of the burden of care was 95.5 ± 9.1, resilience was 52.7 ± 8.7, and coping styles were 92.4 ± 8.4. Mothers of children with autism experience a severe burden of care and moderate levels of resiliency. There was also a significant negative correlation between the burden of care and resilience) p < 0.001, r = -0.536), but no significant correlation was found between burden of care and coping style) p = 0.937, r = -0.010)., Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is necessary to pay more attention to the factors affecting resiliency. Also, considering the significant relationship between burden of care and resiliency, teaching strategies to increase resiliency can be used in the educational program for mothers with autistic children., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the life-threatening coronary-associated pathologies characterized by sudden cardiac death. The provision of complete insight into MI complications along with designing a preventive program against MI seems necessary., Methods: Various databases (PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Embase, and Google scholar search engine) were hired for comprehensive searching. The keywords of "Prevalence", "Outbreak", "Burden", "Myocardial Infarction", "Myocardial Infarct", and "Heart Attack" were hired with no time/language restrictions. Collected data were imported into the information management software (EndNote v.8x). Also, citations of all relevant articles were screened manually. The search was updated on 2022.9.13 prior to the publication., Results: Twenty-two eligible studies with a sample size of 2,982,6717 individuals (< 60 years) were included for data analysis. The global prevalence of MI in individuals < 60 years was found 3.8%. Also, following the assessment of 20 eligible investigations with a sample size of 5,071,185 individuals (> 60 years), this value was detected at 9.5%., Conclusion: Due to the accelerated rate of MI prevalence in older ages, precise attention by patients regarding the complications of MI seems critical. Thus, determination of preventive planning along with the application of safe treatment methods is critical., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Glioma is the most common type of primary brain tumour which accounts for about 30% of all brain and central nervous system tumours, and approximately 70% of adult malignant brain tumours. Numerous studies have been performed to assess the relationship between ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphism and the risk of glioma development, yet these findings of these studies are often inconsistent and contradictory. Therefore, the aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the role of ERCC2 rs13181 in glioma developing. In this work, we have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. In order to collect the results of relevant studies on the association of ERCC2 rs13181 gene polymorphism with glioma, we initially searched the Scopus, Embase, Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, without a lower time limit, and until June 2020. In order to analyse the eligible studies, the random effects model was used and the heterogeneity of the studies was investigated with the I 2 index. Data analysis was performed within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 2). The total number of studies that focused on patients with glioma was 10. The odds ratio of GG vs TT genotype in patients with glioma based on meta-analysis was 1.08 (0.85-1.37: 95% confidence interval), which indicates the increasing effect of GG vs TT genotype by 0.08. The odds ratio of GG + TG vs TT genotype in patients with glioma was 1.22 (1.38-1.7: 95% confidence interval) based on meta-analysis, which indicates the increasing effect of GG + TG vs TT genotype as 0.22. The odds ratio of TG vs TT genotype in patients with glioma was 1.2 (0.38-1.4: 95% confidence interval), which shows the increasing effect of TG vs TT genotype by 0.2. The odds ratio of G vs T genotype in patients with glioma based on the meta-analysis was 1.15 (1.26-1.4: 95% confidence interval), which indicates the increasing effect of G vs T genotype by 0.15. The odds ratio of GG vs TG + TT genotype in patients with glioma based on meta-analysis was 1.22 (1.33-1.45: 95% confidence interval), which indicates the increasing effect of GG vs TG + TT genotype by 0.22. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis show that ERCC2 rs13181 polymorphism and its genotypes are an important risk factor for genetic susceptibility to glioma tumour., Competing Interests: Competing InterestsThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Indian Association of Surgical Oncology 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Chrysin is a natural bioactive compound that is extracted from many trees, honey, and propolis. Chrysin has several pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties. This study was performed to evaluate the anti-cancer activities of chrysin in cancer therapy. The present study was conducted by systematic review of studies published up to August 2021. Related studies were identified by searching Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, Science Direct, SID, MagIran, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The keywords of chrysin, cancer, anti-cancer, and cancer therapy were used for searching. The quality of the studies was assessed by the CONSORT checklist. A total of 21 studies were identified. The results of studies showed that chrysin has an anticancer effect by stimulating apoptosis in a wide range of human cells and rats. Chrysin is also an important factor in inhibiting tumor growth and neoplasticity. Chrysin inhibits the growth and proliferation of cancer cells by inducing cytotoxic effects. Therefore, due to the antitumor effects of chrysin and its safety and non-toxicity towards normal cells, this compound can be considered as an adjuvant along with chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment., Competing Interests: Competing InterestsThe authors declare no competing interests., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Indian Association of Surgical Oncology 2022.)

Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome is a persistent and debilitating disorder. According to several studies, chronic fatigue syndrome has been identified among recovered COVID-19 patients as the most common symptom of long COVID. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis study was to obtain the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome in long COVID cases., Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we analysed reported results of studies that assessed the occurrence of chronic fatigue syndrome among COVID-19 patients four weeks after the onset of symptoms. The study selection was commenced by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Embase, and Google scholar using the keywords of Chronic fatigue syndrome, COVID-19, and post-COVID-19 syndrome. The searches were without a lower time limit and until April 2022. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the I 2 index, and a random effects model was used for analysis. Data analysis was performed within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 2)., Results: The pooled prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome four weeks after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms, in 52 studies with a sample size of 127,117, was 45.2% (95% CI: 34.1-56.9%). Meta-regression analysis in examining the effects of the two factors of sample size, and year of study on the changes in the overall prevalence, showed that with increasing sample size, and year of study, the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome among long COVID patients (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Our results show that the overall prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome as a long COVID symptom is 45.2%. Chronic fatigue after infection with COVID-19 can negatively affect personal and social lives. Given such significant negative consequences caused by the syndrome, it is recommended that health policymakers allocate funds to reduce the adverse effects of this syndrome, by creating programs to support long COVID patients., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the serious developmental disorders that is usually diagnosed below the age of three years. Although the severity of the disease's symptoms varies from patient to patient, the ability to communicate with others is affected in all forms of ASD. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ASD in high-risk groups by continent., Methods: The present study was conducted by systematic review and meta-analysis from 2008 to July 2021. Databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, SID, Magiran, Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar from 2008 to July 2021 were searched to find related studies. Data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2)., Results: A total of 74 studies with 30,212,757 participants were included in this study. The prevalence of ASD in the world was 0.6% (95% confidence interval: 0.4-1%). Subgroup analyses indicated that the prevalence of ASD in Asia, America, Europe, Africa and Australia was 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1-1), 1% (95% CI: 0.8-1.1), 0.5% (95% CI: 0.2-1), 1% (95% CI: 0.3-3.1), 1.7% (95% CI: 0.5-6.1) respectively., Conclusion: ASD imposes a heavy health burden on communities around the world. Early detection of ASD can reduce the incidence of developmental disorders and improve patients' communication skills. Therefore, health policymakers need to be aware of the prevalence and increasing trend of ASD to implement appropriate planning and interventions to reduce its consequences., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder characterized by intermittent airway obstruction during sleep. The association between OSA and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been investigated in many studies; however, the results are not entirely consistent between studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between OSA and the risk of CVD through a meta-analysis of cohort studies., Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of literature was conducted using the PubMed, WoS, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to the year 2020. In order to analyze the eligible studies, the stochastic effects model was used and the heterogeneity of the studies with the I 2 index was investigated. Data analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Version 2)., Results: A total of 24 studies were included in the meta-analysis according to the inclusion criteria. Twelve studies reported CVD results, 11 studies reported stroke results, 9 studies reported mortality results, and 8 studies reported CVD results. The odds ratio of CVD in patients with OSA 1.71 (1.17-2.27: 95% confidence interval) stroke in patients with OSA, 1.86 (1.28-2.69: 95% confidence interval), mortality in patients with OSA, 1.77 (1.37-2.29: 95% confidence interval) and CHD in patients with OSA, and 1.48 (1.06-2.28: 95% confidence interval) was obtained., Conclusion: OSA is considered a cardiovascular risk factor. There is a relationship between the severity of OSA and the risk of cardiovascular disease. OSA increases the risk of heart attack, CHD, and death from cardiovascular disease., (© 2021. Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia.)

Today, nanoscience has grown and developed in various fields of medicine and treatment, including cancer treatment. Currently, the existing treatments, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, cause side effects that are unpleasant to the patient. Due to the fact that anticancer drugs cause severe and widespread side effects, liposomes are considered as new drug carriers to minimize the untimely destruction of the drug when it is delivered to the target tissue and to prevent the side effects of toxic drugs. This systematic review study examined the importance of using liposomes as new drug carriers for the delivery of genes and anticancer drugs. The articles published in English in the databases of Google scholar, WoS, PubMed, Embase, Scopus and science direct were reviewed. According to the results of this study, a new targeted nanosystem has been used for loading and delivering anticancer drugs, genes and controlled drug release which has a significant therapeutic effect compared to the same amount of free drug. In general, liposomal systems have been considered because of their capability in preserving the effect of the drug along with reducing the side effects and toxicity of the drug, especially in the case of anticancer drugs. Accumulation of the drug in a target tissue which results in a reduction of the drug entry into other tissues is the main reason for reducing the side effects of these drugs., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Chemotherapy is the most common treatment strategy for cancer patients. Nevertheless, limited drug delivery to cancer cells, intolerable toxicity, and multiple drug resistance are constant challenges of chemotherapy. Novel targeted drug delivery strategies by using nanoparticles have attracted much attention due to reducing side effects and increasing drug efficacy. Therefore, the most important outcome of this study is to answer the question of whether active targeted HA-based drug nanocarriers have a significant effect on improving drug delivery to cancer cells.This study aimed to systematically review studies on the use of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based nanocarriers for chemotherapy drugs. The two databases MagIran and SID from Persian databases as well as international databases PubMed, WoS, Scopus, Science Direct, Embase, as well as Google Scholar were searched for human studies and cell lines and/or xenograft mice published without time limit until 2020. Keywords used to search included Nanoparticle, chemotherapy, HA, Hyaluronic acid, traditional medicine, natural medicine, chemotherapeutic drugs, natural compound, cancer treatment, and cancer. The quality of the studies was assessed by the STROBE checklist. Finally, studies consistent with inclusion criteria and with medium- to high-quality were included in the systematic review.According to the findings of studies, active targeted HA-based drug nanocarriers showed a significant effect on improving drug delivery to cancer cells. Also, the use of lipid nanoparticles with a suitable coating of HA have been introduced as biocompatible drug carriers with high potential for targeted drug delivery to the target tissue without affecting other tissues and reducing side effects. Enhanced drug delivery, increased therapeutic efficacy, increased cytotoxicity and significant inhibition of tumor growth, as well as high potential for targeted chemotherapy are also reported to be benefits of using HA-based nanocarriers for tumors with increased expression of CD44 receptor., (© 2021. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Electrospun nanofibers (NFs) were utilized to realize the dual-stage release of curcumin (Curc) to fully support the attachment, viability and proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) with a delay in cellular senescence. For this purpose, both free Curc and Curc-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Curc@MSNs) were integrated into the electrospun polycaprolactone/gelatin (PCL/GEL) nanofibrous scaffolds and characterized via FTIR, BET, FE-SEM and TEM. In vitro drug release results demonstrated strong dual stage-discharge of Curc from the Curc/Curc@MSNs-NFs. Because of the combination of initial rapid release and late extended drug release, hADSCs cultured on the Curc/Curc@MSNs-NFs showed the greatest adhesion, metabolic activity and proliferation rate with a fibroblastic phenotype after 28 days of culture. Besides, a significant reduction in senescence-associated lysosomal α-L-fucosidase (SA-α-Fuc) expression and activity was also measured in hADSCs cultured on the Curc/Curc@MSNs-NFs. Moreover, not only the expression of hTERT in mRNA and protein levels was considerably increased in hADSCs seeded on the Curc/Curc@MSNs-NFs, but also the telomerase activity and telomere length were significantly enhanced in the scaffolds compared to the other types of scaffolds and control group. These results uncovered the potential of the two-stage discharge profile of Curc from Curc/Curc@MSNs-NFs to provide the biofunctionality of long-term cultured hADSCs for efficient stem cell-based regenerative therapies., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: Fungal infections including Candida albicans is one of the most important health concerns among type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of C. albicans skin infection in patients with type 2 diabetes in a systematic review and meta-analysis., Methods: In this review study, data were extracted from national and international databases of SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (WoS) with no time limit until January 2021. The random effects model was used for doing analysis and the I 2 index was used for assessing the heterogeneity of studies. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2)., Results: The prevalence of C. albicans skin infection in patients with type 2 diabetes was 11.4% (95% CI: 8.9%-14.4%) in 13 reviewed articles with a sample size of 1348. Regarding the heterogeneity based on meta-regression, there was a significant difference between the effect of sample size ( P  < 0.05) and the prevalence of C. albicans skin infection in patients with type 2 diabetes., Conclusion: The results of this study showed that C. albicans skin infection was high in type 2 diabetic patients in Iran. Therefore, to improve the aforementioned situation and to troubleshoot and monitor at all levels, appropriate policies should be adopted., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.)

Background: Human serum paraoxonase (PON) is an enzyme that is synthesized by the liver and enters the bloodstream, and it is transmitted by high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a hydrolytic enzyme with a wide range of substrates and the ability to protect against lipid oxidation. In this study, due to the activity of PON1 in the brain and its antioxidant effects on the reduction of neurological disorders in the central nervous system, the role of PON1 and its polymorphisms related to multiple sclerosis has been examined to enhance treatment methods., Methods: This article is a systematic review. In this study, the role of PON1 and its polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been investigated. Articles published in Persian and international databases of SID, Google Scholar, ISI (WoS), Magiran, PubMed, Scopus, IranDoc, Science Direct, and Iran Medix were examined, using the search keywords of Paraoxonase 1, polymorphism, multiple sclerosis, and PON1., Results: PON1 is undoubtedly a potential factor in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, and it plays an important role in protecting antioxidants in the blood. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are factors in the pathogenesis of MS. Both inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress have a detrimental effect on PON1. However, reducing the activity of PON1 may help to restore the pathogenesis of the disease., Conclusion: Decreased PON1 activity and PON1 polymorphism are associated with several neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke, white matter lesions (WMLs), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), dementia, and Parkinson's disease. PON1-55M alleles in Italians and PON1-192Q alleles in Poles were associated with a high risk of MS. Moreover, PON1-55 and PON1-192 polymorphisms were not associated with MS onset age, nor its evolutionary type.

The present research aims to design and develop a sustained drug release system to support the long-term proliferation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) without losing their stemness and entering the cellular senescence through providing typical cell culture conditions. For this purpose, Curcumin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (CUR@MSNs) incorporated into Poly-ε-Caprolactone/Gelatin (PCL/GEL) hybrid were prepared via blend electrospinning and their impact was evaluated on cell adhesion, viability, proliferation and also the expression of senescence markers and stemness genes after a long-term in vitro culturing. The in vitro release findings proved that the MSNs incorporated into the electrospun nanofibers (NFs) allowed a sustained release of CUR. According to MTT and PicoGreen assays, the significant metabolic activity and proliferation of hADSCs were detected on CUR@MSNs-NFs after 14 and 28 days of incubation. Furthermore, CUR@MSNs-NFs showed better adhesion and spreading of hADSCs compared to other types of NFs. The sustained and prolonged delivery of CUR inhibited the stem cell senescence through the down-regulation of p16 INK4A and up-regulation of hTERT. It also led to an increased stemness potency in growing hADSCs on the fibers. These results confirmed that the nanofiber-based sustained drug delivery system might provide a promising approach in designing highly programmable culture platforms to generate sufficient numbers of biologically functional hADSCs for clinical translation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Backgroud: Prevalence of skin lesions among diabetic patients is a major health concern. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to determine the prevalence of skin lesions in diabetic patients., Methods: To identify and select relevant articles, the SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (WoS) databases were searched without a lower time limit and until April 2020. The random effects model was used to perform the analysis, and the heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the I 2 index. Data were analyzed within the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2) software., Results: After evaluating the 22 final articles with a total sample size of 8406, the prevalence of skin lesions among diabetes patients were found as 70.3% (95% CI: 63-76.7%). Moreover, according to the meta-regression analysis, the effect of 'sample size' on th prevalence of skin lesions was significantly different in diabetes patients ( p  < 0.05)., Conclusion: The results of this study show that skin lesions are common in diabetes patients. Therefore, appropriate policies needs to be adopted to improve the situation and to monitor patients and outcomes at all levels., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.)

Background: Curcumin is herbal compound that has been shown to have anti-cancer effects in pre-clinical and clinical studies. The anti-cancer effects of curcumin include inhibiting the carcinogenesis, inhibiting angiogenesis, and inhibiting tumour growth. This study aims to determine the Clinical effects of curcumin in different types of cancers using systematic review approach., Methods: A systematic review methodology is adopted for undertaking detailed analysis of the effects of curcumin in cancer therapy. The results presented in this paper is an outcome of extracting the findings of the studies selected from the articles published in international databases including SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science (ISI). These databases were thoroughly searched, and the relevant publications were selected based on the plausible keywords, in accordance with the study aims, as follows: prevalence, curcumin, clinical features, cancer., Results: The results are derived based on several clinical studies on curcumin consumption with chemotherapy drugs, highlighting that curcumin increases the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiotherapy which results in improving patient's survival time, and increasing the expression of anti-metastatic proteins along with reducing their side effects., Conclusion: The comprehensive systematic review presented in this paper confirms that curcumin reduces the side effects of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, resulting in improving patients' quality of life. A number of studies reported that, curcumin has increased patient survival time and decreased tumor markers' level.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on public mental health. Therefore, monitoring and oversight of the population mental health during crises such as a panedmic is an immediate priority. The aim of this study is to analyze the existing research works and findings in relation to the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic., Method: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, articles that have focused on stress and anxiety prevalence among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic were searched in the Science Direct, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (ISI) and Google Scholar databases, without a lower time limit and until May 2020. In order to perform a meta-analysis of the collected studies, the random effects model was used, and the heterogeneity of studies was investigated using the I 2 index. Moreover. data analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software., Results: The prevalence of stress in 5 studies with a total sample size of 9074 is obtained as 29.6% (95% confidence limit: 24.3-35.4), the prevalence of anxiety in 17 studies with a sample size of 63,439 as 31.9% (95% confidence interval: 27.5-36.7), and the prevalence of depression in 14 studies with a sample size of 44,531 people as 33.7% (95% confidence interval: 27.5-40.6)., Conclusion: COVID-19 not only causes physical health concerns but also results in a number of psychological disorders. The spread of the new coronavirus can impact the mental health of people in different communities. Thus, it is essential to preserve the mental health of individuals and to develop psychological interventions that can improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic.