Search

Strontium cobalt zinc bismuth ferrites with formula are provided in this study using formula Sr0.5Co0.4Zn0.4BixFe2-xO4 at different variation of x= 0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 synthesized by Micro-emulsion techniques. To check the physical characteristics of this series (Sr0.5Co0.4Zn0.4BixFe2-xO4) of nano-ferrites using FTIR (Fourier Transformation of infrared spectroscopy), UV-visible, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. SEM and XRD analysis were used to examine the structure and morphology of manufactured nano-ferrites. The spectra of XRD demonstrated the production of a single-phase cubic spinel ferrite structure in the nanometer size range with no minor phase. When extending metal-oxygen bonds at tetrahedral and octahedral sites, FTIR analysis showed two bands centered at 592 and 410 cm-1 . Using ultraviolet-DRS, we determined that band-gap range for the synthesised magnetic materials was between 2.42 and 2.32 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to determine the effect of WhatsApp-based BETTER sex counselling on sexual function and sexual quality of life in breast cancer survivors in a randomized control trial. Methods This is a randomized controlled trial in which a total of 90 breast cancer survivors were recruited using convenience sampling and then randomly assigned to two groups of WhatsApp-based BETTER model counselling and routine care. Data collection tools consisted of a demographic questionnaire, the Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) and the Sexual Function Index (FSFI-BC). Participants in the intervention group were given access to the 6-week program. The program consisted of six consultation and assignment packages covering all six steps of the BETTER model. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Chi-square test, independent samples t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used. The significance level (p-value) was considered to be less than 0.05. Results In the control group, the mean score of SQL scale changed from 35.16 ± 10.71 to 35.16 ± 12.97 (P > 0.05) and in the intervention group, it significantly increased from 34.76 ± 10.13 to 68.20 ± 20.48 (P 0.05), and in the intervention group, it significantly improved from 59.49 ± 6.10 to 120.73 ± 25.54 (P

Abstract Objective Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Dietary interventions can directly affect several ASCVD risk factors. This study aimed to assess an association between dairy consumption and the odds of ASCVD and its risk factors in women with overweight and obesity. Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 390 Iranian women aged 18–48 years and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m². Dairy consumption was assessed using a 147-item food frequency questionnaire. Participants were divided into tertiles based on their dairy consumption with 130 (33.3%) women in each category. Results The participants had an average age of 36.73 ± 9.18 years, and the mean BMI was 31.28 ± 4.30 kg/m2. In the unadjusted model, individuals in the third tertile of dairy consumption had 0.79 times lower odds of ASCVD compared to those in the first tertile (OR: 0.21; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.11, 0.41; P-value = 0.001). Additionally, we observed a significant inverse relationship between higher dairy intake and adiposity markers, blood pressure, and Triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI). Conclusion The study revealed a negative association between dairy intake and the risk of ASCVD but this association diminished after adjusting for confounding factors. It also found a negative association between dairy consumption with BMI, fat mass index, body fat, blood pressure, and TyG-BMI.

Abstract Background Children's intelligence quotient (IQ) is influenced by various environmental and genetic variables. The current study aimed to determine how children's dietary choices and physical activity levels correlated with their IQ. Methods A total of 190 students (111 girls and 79 boys) between the ages of 8 and 10 were chosen randomly for this cross-sectional research. For all children, questionnaires were utilized to gather information on their anthropometry, socio-economic position, food habits, and 24-h memory. Children's physical activity questionnaire (CPAQ) was also used to gauge their level of physical activity. Raven's color progressive intelligence test was also used to gauge children's IQ. All the questions may be filled out online with the assistance of parents. SPSS software was used to gather and evaluate the generated data. Results Of 190 respondents, 79 (41.6%) are males, and 111 (58.4%) are girls. The results of the study showed that, a positive correlation between children's IQ and physical activity (P = 0.017, r = 0.17), if this relationship was not seen by gender. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between the IQ and food habits scores in all children (P = 0.001, r = 0.24), as well as by gender, that is, male (P = 0.04, r = 0.23) and female (P = 0.006, r = 0.26), which indicates that children with better food habits were associated with higher IQ. Conclusion It was shown that elementary school children's IQ, food habits, and degree of physical activity are all positively correlated.

Abstract Flow velocity in open channels is a fundamental hydraulic parameter with wide-ranging applications, including the development of rating curves and the study of sediment transport. While some river engineering projects may only require the calculation of average flow velocity, others, such as the design of hydraulic structures and stable channels, as well as the assessment of boundary shear stress, necessitate a more comprehensive understanding of flow dynamics, including the two-dimensional velocity distribution within open channels. To address this, various mathematical models have been proposed for estimating the two-dimensional distribution of flow velocity across transverse and depth directions. However, these models often come with complexities that hinder their practical application. In this research, we introduce a simplified numerical model that combines simplified Navier–Stokes equations with an eddy viscosity formula. This innovative approach aims to estimate velocity distribution in both rectangular and trapezoidal channels. The accuracy of our developed model hinges on the momentum transfer coefficient used in the eddy viscosity formula. Through the execution of the numerical model and the utilization of observational data, we determined the optimal value of the momentum transfer coefficient to be 0.241. To validate the effectiveness of our numerical model, we compared its predictions with laboratory data encompassing diverse hydraulic conditions. The results demonstrated a high level of accuracy, with the calculated velocity distribution and flow discharge differing by no more than 7.6% and 6.8%, respectively.

Abstract The hyperconcentrated fluid flow occurs as a result of heavy rainfall, during which a large amount of sediments from the upstream basin is washed away and suddenly increases the flow concentration of the alluvial channels. The stresses exerted by this type of fluid on the bed and body of the stream/river and related structures such as dam lead to the failure them and cause many human and financial losses. One of the important topics in the simulation of dam break caused by non-Newtonian fluid flow is the modeling of frictional stresses. In this research, after collecting several relationships to model the coefficient of friction loss of non-Newtonian fluid, a two-dimensional model was developed based on the numerical solution of shallow water equations in curvilinear coordinates to simulate hyperconcentrated flow. The results of the validation of the model were presented by comparing the measurement data of the suddenly complete dam break caused by the non-Newtonian fluid flow in the form of graphs, which all emphasize the accuracy of the developed model. It was also shown that for a suddenly complete dam break, with an increase in fluid volume concentration from 13.8 to 36.4%, the flow depth at the failure site increases by 18.8%. Next, asymmetric two-dimensional partial dam break of non-Newtonian fluid was simulated and compared with the results of Newtonian fluid. The results showed that the maximum flow velocity in the center of the fracture wall for the non-Newtonian fluid with a concentration of 32.2% is less than half of the maximum velocity of the Newtonian fluid.

In this study, a sensitivity analysis is implemented using response surface strategies to control the Walters-B nanouid stagnant point flow caused by a Riga surface. An electromagnetic actuator is known as Riga surface. The Buongiorno model is used to construct the mathematical model that includes a Newtonian heating condition as well as radiation effects. Based on the fundamental laws of mass, momentum, and energy, transformation is incorporated to obtain nonlinear ordinary differential equations. To solve the governing system, the numerical shooting approach along with Runge-Kutta scheme is employed to solve the governing system. By considering the response of Local Nusselt Number (LNN) to the variation of input variables, an experimental structure is incorporated by sensitivity analysis. As underlined, the LNN is quite sensitive to radiation number rather than other parameters of interest. Meanwhile, it is indicated that the sensitivity of LNN to Brownian number is reduced as thermophoresis is enhanced, but sensitivity value varies from positive to negative for all the values of Brownian number. It is examined that maximum LNN occurs at a higher level for thermophoresis and for Brownian motion parameters. The results are assumed to provide a tentative guidance for possible lab-based experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Obesity has become a common global problem. Some obese people can be metabolically healthy. Gene-environment interaction can be important in this context. This study aimed to assess the interaction between dietary fat quality indices and the Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene in metabolically healthy and unhealthy overweight and obese women. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 279 women with overweight and obesity. The definition of metabolically healthy and unhealthy phenotypes was done according to Karelis criteria. Dietary assessment was done using a 147-item validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and dietary fat quality was assessed by cholesterol-saturated fat index (CSI) and the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 (N6/N3) essential fatty acids. MC4R was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. A generalized linear model was used to evaluate the interaction between dietary fat quality indices and the MC4R gene in both crude and adjusted models. Study subjects with higher ratio of N6/N3 had higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA IR) index (P = 0.03) and other variables showed no difference according to the tertile of CSI and N6/N3. Participants with the C allele of MC4R rs17782313 had lower height (P

Abstract Background The decline in sleep quality is one of the main public health problems affecting the global population. Some studies have shown that a high-fat diet may be linked to changes in circadian rhythm and sleep quality. The cholesterol/saturated fatty acid index (CSI) determines the amount of cholesterol and saturated fatty acid (SFA) in people's dietary patterns and can affect the quality of sleep and circadian rhythm. However, to date, no studies have investigated the effect of this index on these two variables. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the relationship between CSI on circadian rhythm and sleep quality in obese and overweight women. Method This cross-sectional study included 378 adult women who were obese or overweight. Using accepted techniques, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure readings, and biochemical variables were evaluated. A validated and trustworthy semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ 147 items) was used to gauge dietary intake. The CSI was measured to find out how much cholesterol and saturated fats were in the diet. Additionally, to assess circadian rhythm and sleep quality, respectively, the valid morning-evening questionnaire (MEQ) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) questionnaires were utilized. Result The results of the multinomial logistic regression model of our analysis showed that a significant association was observed between circadian rhythm status with CSI score, and participants with one higher unit of CSI had a 7.3% more chance of being in the eveningness group than being in morningness category in the crude model (OR: 1.07; 95% CI 1.00, 1.14; P = 0.026). This association remains marginally significant when adjusting for age, energy intake, BMI, job status, thyroid, and smoking status (OR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.00, 1.16; P = 0.051). The binary logistic regression model showed that after controlling for potentially confounding variables, there was no significant association between sleep quality with CSI score, however, those with one higher unit of CSI had 1.6% more chance of having sleep problems (OR: 1.01; 95% CI 0.96, 1.06; P = 0.503). Conclusion Our results indicated a direct marginally significant association between CSI with evening type in overweight and obese women. Future studies are needed to clarify the precise link between circadian rhythm and sleep behavior with fatty acid quality index.

Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot has attracted substantial attention as a biological control agent. The life history traits, and functional and numerical responses of A. swirskii fed on Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) was studied under laboratory conditions (25±1°C, 60±5% RH and 16 L: 8D). Predatory mite was able to feed and complete its development on both B. tabaci eggs and 1st instar nymphs. Total preadult developmental period of female A. swirskii fed on eggs and 1st instar nymphs of B. tabaci were 5.62 and 5.12 days, respectively. Sex ratio (female percentage) of A. swirskii feeding on above diets were 70 and 72 %, respectively. Female longevity of A. swirskii fed on above mentioned diets were 25.27 and 26.97 days, respectively, and total fecundity were 47.20 and 41.70 eggs, respectively. Intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of A. swirskii fed on above mentioned diets were 0.2040 and 0.1863 day-1, respectively. A type II functional response for feeding A. swirski on different densities (5, 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60) of B. tabaci eggs was determined. The highest mean number of preys fed by a single female A. swirskii were 38.50 and 34.70 eggs which were recorded at densities of 60 and 45 preys, respectively, with no significant difference. Searching efficiency (a) and handling times (Th) of the female mites were estimated as 0.1056 h-1 and 0.3534 h, according to nonlinear least-square regression. The maximum theoretical predations (T/Th) for female mites was 67.91 eggs/day. The reproductive numerical response, in terms of eggs laid, showed no significant difference with increasing prey density. There was also no significant difference between longevity of female mite in different densities of B. tabaci eggs. Overall, the results of the present study indicated that A. swirskii has a good potential to control B. tabaci. Therefore, further glasshouse and field research is warranted.

Abstract The most important design index of water intakes is critical submergence depth of the intake. The depth at which the air core formed by the vortex is about to enter the intake. The emergence of a vortex and air entry into the intake increase head loss and decrease discharge coefficient. The reservoir geometric asymmetry, presence of unevenness in the bottom of the reservoir and angle of approach flow are among the factors that influence formation of the vortex and critical submergence depth. In this research, a physical model has been used to investigate the effect of reservoir geometry on the critical submergence depth. This model is designed in such a way that it can produce the strongest type of vortices with air core and with different strengths. The results showed that by creating asymmetry in the flow approaching the water intake (with side blockage in upstream), the presence of even 10% side blockage can have a great effect on the formed vortex and increase the critical submergence depth by about two times. To create uneven conditions on the reservoir bottom, blockages were created on the bottom of the reservoir upstream of the intake. The results showed that the blockage up to half of the height below the intake caused an increase of about 10–25% of the critical submergence depth, in low and high Froude numbers, respectively. However, in blockages more than half of the height below the intake, this effect increases about 60% of the critical submergence depth. In addition, the effect of the slope of the intake head wall on the order (type) of the vortex and its stability and instability was studied, and it was found that the order of the vortex decreases with the increase in the slope of the head wall toward the vertical position. Also, by increasing the slope of the head wall, the vortices form in an unstable manner. The vertical head wall can act as an anti-vortex structure and cause a reduction in critical submergence depth.

Abstract Sleep disorder is a relatively common problem that causes chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. It is believed that diet regulates sleep. So, investigating the relationship between branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids intake with sleep quality based on age, gender and Body Mass Index (BMI) is important. A total of 172 males and females aged 18–65 participated in this study. The questionnaires were given online to them, included demographic information, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The Chalder fatigue scale (CFQ) was also used to measure the extent and severity of fatigue. The intake of amino acids was investigated by FFQ. The relationship between amino acids intake and sleep quality was investigated using Pearson's test. The results showed that intake of energy, macronutrients, and some micronutrients had a significant relationship with the quality of sleep of men compared to that of women (P

Abstract Background The evidence shows that obesity is associated with chronic inflammation in obese subjects. Polyphenols are a complex group of plant secondary metabolites that may play a role in reducing the risk of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Given the scarcity of evidence on the association between inflammatory markers and dietary polyphenols intake in overweight/obese Iranian women, the current study aims to investigate this link. Method The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 391 overweight and obese Iranian women aged 18–48 years (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2). A 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake, as well as anthropometric indices including weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) and biochemistry parameters including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (Chole), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), galactin-3 (Gal-3), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin-1 beta (IL_1β), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PA-I), serum leptin concentrations, and C-reactive protein of high sensitivity (hs-CRP) in all participants. The inflammatory markers were assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result The findings revealed a significant negative association between flavonoids intake and MCP-1 (P = 0.024), lignans intake and MCP-1 (P = 0.017), and Gal-3 (P = 0.032). These significant associations were observed between other polyphenols intake and IL_1β (P = 0.014). There was also a significant positive association between other polyphenol intake and TGF-β (P = 0.008) and between phenolic acid intake and TGF-β (P = 0.014). Conclusion Our findings suggest that a high polyphenol intake may help individuals to reduce systemic inflammation. Further large studies involving participants of different ages and genders are highly warranted.

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that the minor allele (C allele) for melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) rs17782313 may be associated with depressed mood. Moreover, dietary patterns have potentially adverse effects on depression. This study investigates the interactions between the MC4R gene variant (rs17782313) and dietary patterns on depression among Iranian obese and overweight women. Methods A total of 289 Iranian overweight and obese women, aged 18–50 years, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Biochemical, anthropometric, and body composition indices were assessed in all participants. Moreover, MC4R rs17782313, by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, and depression, using the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) questionnaire, were assessed. Food intakes were assessed by completing a 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results By the use of factor analysis, 2 major dietary patterns were extracted: healthy dietary pattern (HDP) and unhealthy dietary pattern (UDP). Binary logistic analysis showed that individuals with minor allele risk (CC) with high adherence to the unhealthy pattern increased odds for depression (OR: 8.77, 95%CI: -0.86-18.40, P: 0.07), after controlling for confounders. Also, a logical inverse relationship was observed between CT genotype and HDP on depression in the crude and adjusted models (OR: -0.56, 95% CI: -3.69-2.57, P: 0.72) (OR: -4.17, 95% CI: -9.28-0.94, P: 0.11), although this interaction was not statistically significant. Conclusion According to the above findings, adherence to unhealthy food intake pattern increases odds of depression in MC4R risk allele (C allele) carriers. To confirm these findings, more studies are needed in the form of clinical trials and prospective studies with higher sample sizes.

Understanding the morphodynamics of river junctions is an important part of fluvial geomorphological studies that were provided suitable conditions to measure erosion and sediment changes at the junction of Dinver and Gamasiab rivers by the occurrence of floods in April 2019. Due to the complexity, 3D numerical simulation is not cost-effective, and one-dimensional models, also, have some errors. For this reason, the use of two-dimensional models can be useful. Therefore, the SRH-2D model was used to investigate the effect of the flood on the morphology of the confluence of the Dinver River to Gamasiab. To study the morphological changes in the study area, elevation position and topography was mapped in two stages before and after the flood and also a granulometric experiment was performed. Due to the fact that the SRH_2D model does not have the ability to network, the required mesh was prepared using SMS software and the output file of the model was saved in TECPLOT format. The results showed that in a flood with a 35-year return period of the Dinver River to Gamasiab junction, with a meander- meander junction at a 40-degree angle, bed erosion in the downstream part of the junction begins to occur early in the onset of flooding and gradually expands to the upstream. However, sedimentation occurs shortly after the peak of the flood in the stagnation zone and then growing the spurs as the flood decreases, and developing the outer arch of the Gamasiab River as at the flood goes to end.

Abstract Leakage from water distribution networks (WDNs) is inevitable. Therefore, during design a WDN, engineers add a percentage of each nodal water demand as leakage discharge to total node demand. The amount of leakage depends on the pressure, which is not known at the design stage. Considering a constant percentage of node demand in lieu of its leakage makes the problem worse. In this study, the effect of leakage on the optimal WDN design was investigated by developing the matrix form of the gradient algorithm while accounting for leakage using the pressure-dependent model. Non-dominated genetic algorithm version II (NSGA-II) was used as the optimization engine with two objectives which includes minimizing the network construction cost and minimizing the total network pressure deficiency. Two well-known two- and three-loop WDNs in literature were studied. The results indicated that the pressure-dependent leakage varies between 12.9 and 29.44% of the node demand while the network construction cost stays the same if compared with the fixed percentage leakage model, and the construction cost would increase by 17–31%, if leakage is not accounted for. This is expected the optimized diameters and hydraulic characteristics of the networks being affected by the leakage calculation method.

Abstract Introduction Sarcopenic obesity is related to changes in body composition, loss of muscle mass, and raised adipose tissue. Beverage patterns are effective with changes in health status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between sarcopenic obesity (SO) and the healthy beverage index (HBI) in women with overweight and obesity. Methods This cross-sectional study conducted on 210 overweight and obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) women aged 18–56 years. The measurement of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat mass (FM) done by bioelectric impedance analyzer (BIA) (Inbody Co., Seoul, Korea) based on guidelines. The two lowest quintiles SMM and the two highest quintiles FM and body mass index (BMI) ≥30 are considered sarcopenic obesity in women. A validated and reliable semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate the beverage dietary data. and RFS and NRFS was calculated. Biochemical assessments were quantified by standard approaches, and physical activity were evaluated by international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Result In this cross-sectional study, 210 overweight and obese females took part (18–56) years old). The studies were carried out using binary logistic regression. After controlling for a wide variety of confounding variables such as age, energy intake, physical activity, education, and economic status, we found a negative association between HBI and risk of SO (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.35 to 1.01, P = 0.05). Conclusion We observed that the odds of SO was reduced by 69% in participants with higher HBI score. More well-designed studies need to confirm our findings.

Abstract Background Although several studies have evaluated the association between patterns of beverage consumption with different components of quality of life separately, the findings are controversial. In addition, none have examined all components of quality of life together in relation to patterns of beverage consumption. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the association between healthy beverage index (HBI) and quality of life among overweight and obese women. Methods For this cross-sectional study, 210 obese and overweight women were recruited from health centers in Tehran, Iran. Using reliable and verified standard protocols, data on beverage intake, socio-demographic, physical activity, and anthropometric variables were assessed. Based on past studies, the predetermined HBI was estimated. Serum samples were used to determine biochemical characteristics, and quality of life was assessed using SF-36 questionnaires. Results There was a significant association between total QoL score with T2 tertile of HBI in the adjusted model (β: 13.11, 95% CI: 1.52, 24.69, p-value = 0.027). General health had a significant negative association with T2 (β: -5.83; 95% CI: − 11.48, − 0.18; p-value = 0.043) and T3 (β: -6.20; 95% CI: − 12.37, − 0.03; p-value = 0.049). Women with greater adherence to the HBI had a higher physical functioning score, and there was a significant upward trend from the second to the third tertile (7.74 vs 0.62) (−trend = 0.036). There was a significant positive association between mental health with T3 of HBI (β: 4.26; 95% CI: 1.51, 5.98; p-value = 0.015) and a significant increasing trend was observed with increasing tertiles (P-trend = 0.045). Conclusion In conclusion, there is a significant association between total QoL score, and its components, with HBI among overweight and obese women. However, additional well-designed studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Abstract Background and aims Caveolin-1 (CAV-1) in adipocyte tissue and other body parts possesses numerous biological functions. In the present study, we sought to investigate the interaction between CAV-1 polymorphism and dietary fat quality indexes on visceral adiposity index (VAI) and body adiposity index (BAI) among overweight and obese women. Methods This study was conducted on 386 women aged 18–48 years old. Biochemical measurements were assessed by standard protocols. We used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to calculate the dietary intake and the indexes of dietary fat quality intake. Anthropometric values and body composition were measured by standard methods. Finally, the CAV-1 genotype was measured using the PCR–RFLP method. Results We found marginally significant differences between AA and GG genotypes of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (P = 0.06) and BAI (P = 0.06) of participants after adjusting for potential confounders. For dietary intakes, after adjusting with the energy intake, mean differences in biotin (P = 0.04) and total fiber (P = 0.06) were significant and marginally significant, respectively. The interaction between two risk alleles (AA) with omega-6 to omega-3 ratio (W6/W3) on BAI, after adjustment for potential confounders (age, physical activity, energy intake, education), was marginally positive (β = 14.08, 95% CI = − 18.65, 46.81, P = 0.07). In comparison to the reference group (GG), there was a positive interaction between the two risk alleles (AA) with W6/W3 ratio on VAI (β = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.20, 8.84, P = 0.06) in the adjusted model. Conclusions We found that there might be an interaction between CAV-1 genotypes with dietary quality fat indexes on VAI and BAI among overweight and obese women.

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown the association of a number of dietary quality scores with metabolically phenotypes of obesity. Recently, the Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS), which is a fully food-based score based on the 2015 Dutch dietary guidelines and underlying international literature, has been proposed as a tool for assessing the quality of the diet. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the association between LLDS and metabolically healthy/unhealthy overweight and obesity (MHO/MUHO) phenotypes. Methods This study was performed on 217 women, aged 18–48 years old. For each participant anthropometric values, biochemical test and body composition were evaluated by standard protocols and methods. The LLDS was determined based on 12 components using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) containing 147 items. The metabolically healthy (MH) was evaluated using the Karelis criteria. Results Among the total participants in this study, 31.3% of the subjects were MHO while 68.7% were MUHO. After adjustment for potential confounding variables (age, energy intake, and physical activity), participants in highest LLDS tertile had a lower odds of MUHO compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.23, 5.83; P-trend = 0.03). Also, after further adjustment with BMI, provided only small changes in "OR" and did not attenuate the significance (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.23, 6.91; P-trend = 0.02). Conclusions The present evidence indicates that individuals with higher adherence to the LLDS had lower odds of metabolically unhealthy (MUH).

Abstract Background and aims The Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) is a valuable technique to estimate the synergistic effects of overall beverage consumption. Several studies have evaluated the associations between HBI and beneficial changes in the health status. however, there is no study on the association between patterns of beverage consumption and mental health status. Therefore, this study sought to examine the association between HBI and psychological disorders among overweight and obese women. Methods 199 overweight and obese women, between the ages of 18 and 55 y, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study in Tehran, Iran. To collect beverage dietary data, a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used. Furthermore, the DASS-21 questionnaire was used to assess psychological profile states. Results The association of total depression anxiety stress (DASS) score with healthy beverage index (HBI) tertiles in models was marginally significant (OR =: 0.78; 95% CI 0.30–2.02; P-value = 0.074; (OR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.28–2.16; P-value = 0.062), respectively. In terms of stress, anxiety, and depression, after adjusting for confounders, participants with higher HBI in the third tertile had lower odds of depression vs. the first tertile (OR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.35–2.81; P-trend = 0.040). Conclusion We demonstrate that the total DASS score was associated with HBI tertiles. We also found that participants with higher HBI had lower odds of depression. However, additional well-designed studies are needed to confirm the veracity of these findings.

Background: The body position change, as a common intervention in the intensive care unit (ICU), may affect endotracheal tube cuff pressure changes.Aim: This study investigated the effect of body position change and vital signals on endotracheal tube cuff pressure in children after bidirectional Glenn shunt surgery.Method: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 29 children with an oral endotracheal tube hospitalized in the ICU after Glenn shunt surgery. The endotracheal tube cuff pressure was measured at the patient’s bed placed at a 30-degree angle. Other positions included right and left lateral in bed at a 30° upward angle as well as right and left lateral in bed angle at a 45° angle, respectively. The measurements were repeated every 10 min three times in different positions. Vital signals were measured in each group. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20.Results: The results showed a significant relationship (P

Background: Autonomy is an essential factor in the nursing profession. Nurses' autonomy can improve care quality, decrease mortality in patients, and attenuate job stress. This study aimed to investigate professional autonomy and its relationship with job stress among nurses working in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted at Urmia nursing school in Iran in 2020. Three hundred ninety-eight nurses working at the ICUs entered the study. Data was collected using the Dempster Practice Behavior Scale (DPBS) and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) questionnaire. Independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the relationship between demographics and study variables. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between professional autonomy and job stress of nurses. Results: The mean (SD) of total professional autonomy and job stress score of nurses was, respectively, 102. 11(91. 88), and 115. 53(12. 42), indicating moderate autonomy and job stress. Professional autonomy had a significant positive correlation with job stress (r = 0.51, p < 0.001). It also had a significant positive correlation with work experience in ICU (r = 0.12, p = 0.014). Conclusions: ICU nurses have moderate autonomy and job stress, and their autonomy is a significant positive predictor of their job stress. University authorities are recommended to develop practical strategies to enhance nurses' autonomy and eliminate factors that cause job stress in ICU nurses in order to preserve nurses' health, improve the quality of nursing care, and increase patient safety.

Background and aimsHyperglycemia and insulin resistance are concerns today worldwide. Recently, L-carnitine supplementation has been suggested as an effective adjunctive therapy in glycemic control. Therefore, it seems important to investigate its effect on glycemic markers.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane databases were searched in October 2022 for prospective studies on the effects of L-carnitine supplementation on glycemic markers. Inclusion criteria included adult participants and taking oral L-carnitine supplements for at least seven days. The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated using a random-effects model.ResultsWe included the 41 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 2900) with 44 effect sizes in this study. In the pooled analysis; L-carnitine supplementation had a significant effect on fasting blood glucose (FBG) (mg/dl) [WMD = −3.22 mg/dl; 95% CI, −5.21 to −1.23; p = 0.002; I2 = 88.6%, p < 0.001], hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (%) [WMD = −0.27%; 95% CI, −0.47 to −0.07; p = 0.007; I2 = 90.1%, p < 0.001] and homeostasis model assessment-estimate insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [WMD = −0.73; 95% CI, −1.21 to −0.25; p = 0.003; I2 = 98.2%, p < 0.001] in the intervention compared to the control group. L-carnitine supplementation had a reducing effect on baseline FBG ≥100 mg/dl, trial duration ≥12 weeks, intervention dose ≥2 g/day, participants with overweight and obesity (baseline BMI 25–29.9 and >30 kg/m2), and diabetic patients. Also, L-carnitine significantly affected insulin (pmol/l), HOMA-IR (%), and HbA1c (%) in trial duration ≥12 weeks, intervention dose ≥2 g/day, and participants with obesity (baseline BMI >30 kg/m2). It also had a reducing effect on HOMA-IR in diabetic patients, non-diabetic patients, and just diabetic patients for insulin, and HbA1c. There was a significant nonlinear relationship between the duration of intervention and changes in FBG, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR. In addition, there was a significant nonlinear relationship between dose (≥2 g/day) and changes in insulin, as well as a significant linear relationship between the duration (weeks) (coefficients = −16.45, p = 0.004) of intervention and changes in HbA1C.ConclusionsL-carnitine could reduce the levels of FBG, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42022358692.

BackgroundIn recent decades, the prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes is increasing. One of the major complications of diabetes is diabetic nephropathy (DN), so it is important to find a way that can delay or control the onset of DN. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the relationship between the Mediterranean diet (MED) and the odds of DN.MethodsThis case–control study was performed among 210 women (30–65 years) who were referred to the Kowsar Diabetes Clinic in Semnan, Iran. Biochemical variables and anthropometric measurements were assessed. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to calculate dietary intakes. Data from dietary intakes based on the FFQ were used to evaluate the MED score. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations.ResultsOur results showed that in the crude model with higher adherence to the MED (OR: 0.272; 95% CI: 0.154, 0.481; P = 0.001), the odds of DN has reduced by 73%, and in model 1, after controlling for potential confounders, with higher adherence to the MED (OR: 0.239; 95% CI: 0.128, 0.447; P = 0.001), the odds of DN has reduced by 76% compared to low adherence. Also, in model 1, significant associations were observed between high consumption of grains (OR: 0.360; 95% CI: 0.191, 0.676; P = 0.001), legumes (OR: 0.156; 95% CI: 0.083, 0.292; P = 0.001), vegetables (OR: 0.273; 95% CI: 0.149, 0.501; P = 0.001), fruits (OR: 0.179; 95% CI: 0.093, 0.347; P = 0.001), fish (OR: 0.459; 95% CI: 0.254, 0.827; P = 0.01), and reduced odds of DN (P < 0.05).ConclusionWe observed that with higher adherence to the MED, the odds of DN had reduced through mechanisms. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Introduction: High prevalence of psychiatric disorders and the high effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) have made this treatment a useful intervention. Memory impairment, headache, and muscle pain are the most important complications after ECT. This research aimed to determine the effect of reflexology on the headache and muscle pain intensity of patients after receiving ECT. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Razi teaching hospital of Urmia, Iran. A total of 56 patients with depression receiving ECT were randomly assigned into two equal groups of control (n=28) and intervention (n=28). In the intervention group, reflexology was performed for 20 minutes at reflex points and, in the control group, only the conventional measures were taken. Pain intensity was measured with visual analogue scale (VAS) before and 1, 6, and 24 hours after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 13. Furthermore, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and repeated-measures tests were performed. Results: The mean difference in the severity of headache and muscle pain in the intervention group was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Moreover, the results demonstrated a significant difference between the mean headache and muscle pain in the two groups after the intervention. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the positive effect of reflexology on reducing the intensity of pain in patients receiving ECT. Thus, it is recommended that nurses, health care providers, and caregivers use reflexology to reduce pain in patients with depression receiving ECT.