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We investigated if diarrhoea-causing bacteria, including Yersinia species, could mimic the symptoms of appendicitis and lead to surgery. This prospective observational cohort study (NCT03349814) included adult patients undergoing surgery for suspected appendicitis. Rectal swabs were analysed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Yersinia, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella and Aeromonas spp. Blood samples were analysed routinely and with an in-house ELISA serological test for Yersinia enterocolitica antibodies. We compared patients without appendicitis and patients with appendicitis confirmed by histopathology. The outcomes included PCR-confirmed infection with Yersinia spp., serologic-confirmed infection with Y. enterocolitica, PCR-confirmed infection with other diarrhoea-causing bacteria and Enterobius vermicularis confirmed by histopathology. A total of 224 patients were included, 51 without and 173 with appendicitis, and followed for 10 days. PCR-confirmed infection with Yersinia spp. was found in one patient (2%) without appendicitis and no patients (0%) with appendicitis (p = 0.23). Serology was positive for Y. enterocolitica for the same patient without appendicitis and two patients with appendicitis (p = 0.54). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 4% vs 1% (p = 0.13) of patients without and with appendicitis, respectively. Infection with Yersinia spp. and other diarrhoea-causing microorganisms in adult patients undergoing surgery for suspected appendicitis was rare., We investigated if diarrhoea-causing bacteria, including Yersinia species, could mimic the symptoms of appendicitis and lead to surgery. This prospective observational cohort study (NCT03349814) included adult patients undergoing surgery for suspected appendicitis. Rectal swabs were analysed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Yersinia, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella and Aeromonas spp. Blood samples were analysed routinely and with an in-house ELISA serological test for Yersinia enterocolitica antibodies. We compared patients without appendicitis and patients with appendicitis confirmed by histopathology. The outcomes included PCR-confirmed infection with Yersinia spp., serologic-confirmed infection with Y. enterocolitica, PCR-confirmed infection with other diarrhoea-causing bacteria and Enterobius vermicularis confirmed by histopathology. A total of 224 patients were included, 51 without and 173 with appendicitis, and followed for 10 days. PCR-confirmed infection with Yersinia spp. was found in one patient (2%) without appendicitis and no patients (0%) with appendicitis (p = 0.23). Serology was positive for Y. enterocolitica for the same patient without appendicitis and two patients with appendicitis (p = 0.54). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 4% vs 1% (p = 0.13) of patients without and with appendicitis, respectively. Infection with Yersinia spp. and other diarrhoea-causing microorganisms in adult patients undergoing surgery for suspected appendicitis was rare.

Background: Yersinia infection affects terminal ileum and lymph nodes and could therefore mimic the symptoms of appendicitis. We aimed to systematically characterise the suspected or confirmed abdominal diseases and/or surgeries associated with Yersinia infection. Materials and methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A protocol (CRD42016053252) was uploaded to PROSPERO. The searches were conducted in PubMed and EMBASE on October 2, 2020. Original reports on patients with abdominal surgical diseases were included. The primary outcome was to characterise suspected or confirmed abdominal surgical diseases and/or surgeries associated with Yersinia infection, while the secondary outcomes were the positive rate of Yersinia species for each disease and surgery, and to investigate the rate of Yersinia spp. in different geographic regions. We calculated the weighted mean prevalence of positive tests for Yersinia spp. for the different diseases and surgeries according to the detection method and for subgroups based on geographic region. Results: From the search, 33 studies were included in the systematic review and 18 in the meta-analysis. Across geographic regions, the weighted mean prevalence for Yersinia spp. was 51% (95% CI 34%-69%) in mesenteric lymphadenitis, 65% (95% CI 45%-85%) in terminal ileitis, and 8% (95% CI 2%-15%) in normal appendices. Conclusions: Around half of the patients with mesenteric lymphadenitis and terminal ileitis were serologically positive for infections with Yersinia spp. Yersinia infection may cause unnecessary surgery for suspected appendicitis due to symptoms from mesenteric lymphadenitis or terminal ileitis. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Background: We aimed to investigate the difference in the total length of hospital stay (LOS) after intraperitoneal vs. intravenous antibiotic treatment in patients with complicated appendicitis. Methods: We conducted a quasi-randomized prospective clinical trial. The intervention group received 4 g fosfomycin, 1 g metronidazole, and 50 μg recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor intraperitoneally, which was left in the abdominal cavity, immediately after laparoscopic appendectomy. Postoperatively, this group received antibiotics orally. The control group received intravenous antibiotics both during surgery and postoperatively. We primarily evaluated total LOS within 30 days. Furthermore, we evaluated harms and adverse events, Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index, postoperative complications, and convalescence. Participants were followed for 30 days postoperatively. Results: A total of 12 participants concluded the trial. The total LOS was significantly shorter in the intervention group (six participants, median 13 h; range 2–21 h) than in the control group (six participants, median 84 h; range 67–169 h), p = 0.017. Comparable harms and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index scores were found in the two groups. The time to return to normal activities was median 6 and 10 days for the intervention and the control group, respectively. There were no serious adverse events related to the trial nor any complications in the intervention group. In the control group, two patients developed intraabdominal abscesses. Conclusions: The intervention group had a significantly shorter total LOS. The study was not powered to assess differences in complications, but the results indicate that the intervention seems to be a safe regimen, which can be investigated further to treat patients with complicated appendicitis. Identifiers: EudraCT no. 2017-004753-16. ClinicalTrials: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03435900?term=NCT03435900&draw=2&r

Appendicitis is a common condition, which is often seen by the general practitioners as well as in the emergency departments. It is normally treated with laparoscopic appendectomy. This review gives an overview of the long-term surgical complications ileus and incisional hernia and of the impact of appendicitis and appendectomy on female fertility. The literature shows, that there is a low risk of ileus and incisional hernia after appendectomy, and that there is no change in female fertility after appendectomy, not even in cases where the appendix was perforated.