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The development of stoichiometric oxidant-free regioselective annulation protocol is a challenging aspect in organic synthesis. Herein, we disclose electricity as a greener oxidant for the C-H/N-H annulation to construct cinnolines using rhodium(III) catalyst under mild conditions. A detailed mechanistic investigation revealed the possibility of both Rh(III/I) and Rh(III/IV) catalytic cycles for the formation of annulated product. Exclusive regioselectivity, diverse substrate scope, and commercially available cheap graphite electrodes are key features of this protocol.

Background:COVID 19 has led to dramatic changes in the lives of people leading to an increase in stress and anxiety. Music intervention is a non-medicated method for relieving anxiety. This current study aims to understand whether music can be effectively used to alleviate anxiety in admitted COVID-19 patients. Objective:To study the effect of music on anxiety in patients admitted for COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi Method:34 patients (17 females &17 males) were randomly divided into two groups, a control (N=17) and a music group (N=17). Vitals of all the patients were noted. Patients of the music group were asked to listen to relaxing instrumental for 30 minutes, while patients of the control group were asked to relax for 30 minutes. Vitals of all the patients were noted again. Patients were asked to fill State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before and after intervention. Results:The post-intervention mean scores of STAI after the music session were lower in the music group than the control group [95.06 (SD 8.5)) versus 102.37 (SD 10.3)]. The differences in mean values of pre- to post-intervention changes between both groups after music session were statistically significant. Conclusions:Our findings suggest that listening to music lowers anxiety. As music is non- invasive and free of side-effects we recommend that music intervention service should be used to improve health care quality. &nbsp

Fatigue, a non-specific symptom, is often dismissed as trivial or functional, however, an underlying malignant, endocrine, or metabolic disorder may be the cause of fatigue. We present the case of an elderly lady who presented with tiredness, anorexia, and vomiting for a month. Physical examination revealed pallor, facial puffiness, and coarse crackles in the left mammary area. Investigations revealed hyponatremia and hypokalemia. The patient denied a history of amenorrhea and lactation failure, but further questioning revealed that she had severe post-partum hemorrhage necessitating a hysterectomy. Investigations revealed normal TSH, low normal fT4, inappropriately low FSH, and LH. The patient was treated with thyroid and adrenal hormone replacement. We present this case to emphasize the importance of detailed history taking for a medical diagnosis, especially in conditions like Sheehan’s syndrome with relatively non-specific presenting complaints.

Delivering nucleic acids into the endothelium has great potential in treating vascular diseases. However, endothelial cells, which line the vasculature, are considered as sensitive in nature and hard to transfect. Low transfection efficacies in endothelial cells limit their potential therapeutic applications. Towards improving the transfection efficiency, we made an effort to understand the internalization of lipoplexes into the cells, which is the first and most critical step in nucleic acid transfections. In this study, we demonstrated that the transient modulation of caveolae/lipid rafts mediated endocytosis with the cholesterol-sequestrating agents, nystatin, filipin III, and siRNA against Cav-1, which significantly increased the transfection properties of cationic lipid-(2-hydroxy-N-methyl-N,N-bis(2-tetradecanamidoethyl)ethanaminium chloride), namely, amide liposomes in combination with 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) (AD Liposomes) in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (SK-Hep1). In particular, nystatin was found to be highly effective with 2–3-fold enhanced transfection efficacy when compared with amide liposomes in combination with Cholesterol (AC), by switching lipoplex internalization predominantly through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis.

Context:The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel Corona virus has impacted more than 200 countries. COVID-19 patients are frequently isolated and quarantined due to high infectivity thus adding to further mental stress, uncertainty, anger, confusion, stress and insecurity. It has given rise to various psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, fear of isolation, fear of dying, feeling of helplessness, insomnia and many more. The aim of this study is to investigate stress, anxiety, and depression in COVID-19 positive patients during the Corona pandemic in India. Aims:To study the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in patients admitted for COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi. Settings and Design: This cross sectional study was conducted on 82 COVID-19 patients admitted in covid ward of Hamdard institute of medical sciences, Hakeem Abdul Hameed Centenary Hospital (HAHC)Hospital, New Delhi. Subjects and Methods:The data was collected on socio demographic parameters and assessment was done using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) questionnaire in COVID-19 admitted patients in the hospital. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS 16 version for Microsoft Windows. Results:The mean age of the patients was 52.21 ± 12.23 years. 59.8% patients (N=49) were men and 40.2% (N=33) were women. Depression was more 40 to 60 years age group (12%). (P=0.333). Anxiety and stress was more in age group of 60 years and above. (14%) (P=0.313) and (14%) (P=0.011) respectively. Depression was more in females patients.(P=0.039) while anxiety and stress was also found in male patients. (P=0.014) and (P=0.148) respectively Anxiety and stress was more common in patients with less oxygen saturation while depression was more in patients with more higher oxygen saturation levels. Conclusions:COVID-19 patients score higher on comorbid anxiety and depression. Mild to Moderate level of depression is commonly seen among female, married, less educated, middle age and above group and low oxygen saturation. Anxiety is more amongst male, married, less educated and elderly group and stress is more common in male, widow, tobacco smokers and patients with less oxygen saturation in COVID-19 patients. &nbsp

A ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed coupling reaction of isatoic anhydrides and salicylaldehydes has been developed for the synthesis of 2-aminobenzoates. This reaction proceeds through metal-catalyzed decarbonylation and decarboxylation to afford good yields of aryl 2-aminobenzoates.

Introduction COVID 19 has led to dramatic changes in the lives of people leading to an increase in stress and anxiety. Music intervention is a non-medicated method for relieving anxiety. This current study aims to understand whether music can be effectively used to alleviate anxiety in admitted COVID-19 patients. Objectives To study the effect of music on anxiety in patients admitted for COVID-19 in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi Methods 34 patients (17 females &17 males) were randomly divided into two groups, a control (N=17) and a music group (N=17). Vitals of all the patients were noted. Patients of the music group were asked to listen to relaxing instrumental for 30 minutes, while patients of the control group were asked to relax for 30 minutes. Vitals of all the patients were noted again. Patients were asked to fill State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before and after intervention. Results The post-intervention mean scores of STAI after the music session were lower in the music group than the control group [95.06 (SD 8.5)) versus 102.37 (SD 10.3)]. The differences in mean values of pre- to post-intervention changes between both groups after music session were statistically significant. Conclusions Our findings suggest that listening to music lowers anxiety. As music is non- invasive and free of side-effects we recommend that music intervention service should be used to improve health care quality. Disclosure No significant relationships.

In this review, different approaches toward polycyclic heterocycles starting from the combination of 1,4-benzoquinone analogs and nucleophilic building blocks are summarized. This includes 5-hydroxyindole derivatives prepared by the Nenitzescu reaction, the corresponding benzofurans and a large variety of other heterocycles.

The development of metal-free syntheses toward 1,2,3-triazoles has been a burgeoning research area throughout the past decade. Despite the numerous advances, the scarceness of methods for the preparation of 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles from readily available substrates remained a challenge that was addressed by our group in 2016. A metal-free three-component reaction, which we have dubbed the triazolization reaction, was established for the rapid synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted, fully functionalized and NH-1,2,3-triazoles. This novel approach stands out because it utilizes widely available starting materials, namely primary amines and enolizable ketones. Furthermore, the broad substrate scope is a major advantage, and was further expanded by the number of modified protocols that have been reported. Triazolization products have successfully found utility as intermediates in various synthetic transformations, and were the subject of a few interesting biological activity studies.

Background The location and time of snack consumption may influence the composition, nutrient content and portion sizes of snacks. In this study, we aimed to determine and compare the time, location and frequency of snack consumption among different age groups of Canadians. Methods Nationally representative dietary data from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) were used (19,677 participants aged ≥2 years). Dietary data were obtained using 24-h dietary recalls. Participants were categorized according to the frequency of snack consumption (1 time, 2–3 times, ≥4 times). The snack consumption over 24 h was divided into four time periods: before 10 am, 10 am to 3 pm, 3 pm to 8 pm and 8 pm to 12 am. Meal and snack location was categorized as at home; someone else’s home; restaurants; and other. Results Snacking 2–3 times per day was the most common reported frequency (53.0%). Snacking at home (73.0%) was more prevalent than snacking away from home (27.0%). The most frequently reported time for snacking among Canadians was 3 pm to 8 pm (36.3%), and the least frequently reported time was before 10 am (8.1%). Snacking contributed to a high proportion of Milk and Alternatives (23.7%) and Vegetables and Fruit (23.4%) food groups and lesser proportions of Grain Products (15.4%) and Meat & Alternatives (9.4%) food groups among Canadians. Conclusions Home is the main location, 3 pm to 8 pm is the main time, and 2–3 times per day is the most common reported frequency for snacking. A full understanding of snacking behaviors is needed in order to develop targeted strategies to improve the quality of snack food choices.

An unprecedented Ru(II)-catalyzed C-H activation and annulation reaction, which proceeds via C-C triple bond cleavage, is reported. This reaction of 2-phenyldihydrophthalazinediones with alkynes, which works most efficiently in the presence of bidented ligand 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, affords good yields of substituted quinazolines.

In recent years, chemists are giving more focus to the development of atom and step economic organic reactions which could be applied efficiently for the synthesis of complex organic molecules. The use of rhodium in combination with chiral ligands for diastereo- and enantio-discrimination in C H insertion reaction through rhodium-carbenoid is now well established and has been used by different research groups as the key reaction for the synthesis of various bioactive natural products. This chapter provides an overview of rhodium-catalyzed intra and intermolecular carbenoid C H insertion reactions for the efficient construction of bioactive natural products. Application of combined C H functionalization/Cope rearrangements (CHCR) is also described. This chapter is expected to be of immense help to the researchers working in the field of organic synthesis.

BACKGROUND: Evidence is lacking to determine whether there have been any changes in dietary or total usual intakes of vitamin D among Canadians, in the light of recent evidence of beneficial health effects beyond bone. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine trends in dietary and total usual intake of vitamin D among Canadians aged ≥1 y. METHODS: This study used nationally representative nutrition data from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2.2 (CCHS 2004) and CCHS Nutrition in 2015. Dietary intake data were collected with use of two 24-h dietary recalls and dietary supplement use was determined by questionnaire. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate the usual intake of vitamin D as well as the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy among Canadians aged ≥1 y. RESULTS: From 2004 to 2015, the usual intake of vitamin D from food significantly decreased (P

The current study utilizes a nationally representative nutrition survey data (Canadian Community Health Survey 2015, nutrition component, n = 20,487) in order to evaluate patterns of yogurt consumption among Canadians. Overall, 20% of Canadians have reportedly consumed yogurt on a given day in 2015. Higher prevalence of yogurt consumption was noted among children aged 2&ndash, 5 years old (47%) when compared to adults aged 19&ndash, 54 years (18%). When the prevalence of yogurt consumption at the regional level in Canada was assessed, Quebec had the most consumers of yogurt (25%) compared to other regions, namely the Atlantic (19%), Ontario (18%), Prairies (19%) and British Columbia (20%). Yogurt consumers reported consuming higher daily intakes of several key nutrients including carbohydrates, fibre, riboflavin, vitamin C, folate, vitamin D, potassium, iron, magnesium, and calcium when compared to yogurt non-consumers. Additionally, the diet quality, measured using NRF 9.3 scoring method, was higher among yogurt consumers compared to non-consumers. Nearly 36% of Canadians who meet the dietary guidelines for milk and alternative servings from the Food Guide Canada (2007) reported consuming yogurt. Lastly, no significant difference in BMI was noted among yogurt consumers and non-consumers. Overall, yogurt consumers had a higher intake of key nutrients and had a better diet quality.

In recent years, ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) has become a common breakfast option in Canada and worldwide. This study used the nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2015-Nutrition to determine patterns of RTEC consumption in Canada and the contribution to nutrient intake among Canadians who were &ge, 2 years, of whom 22 &plusmn, 0.6% consumed RTEC on any given day. The prevalence of RTEC consumption was highest in children aged two to 12 years (37.6 &plusmn, 1.2%), followed by adolescents aged 13 to 18 years (28.8 &plusmn, 1.4%), and then by adults &ge, 19 years (18.9 &plusmn, 0.6%). RTEC consumers had higher intakes of &ldquo, nutrients to encourage&rdquo, compared to the RTEC non-consumers. More than 15% of the daily intake of some nutrients, such as folic acid, iron, thiamin, and vitamin B6, were contributed by RTEC. It was noted that nearly 66% of milk consumption was co-consumed with RTEC among RTEC consumers. The nutrient density of the diet, as defined by Nutrient-Rich Food Index (NRF 9.3), was significantly higher among RTEC consumers compared to non-consumers. RTEC consumption was not associated with overweight/obesity. RTEC consumption considerably contributed to the intake of some key nutrients among all age groups in Canada.

The copper(II)-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reactions of arylglyoxylic acids with isatins afford 4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazin-4-ones via decarbonylation and concurrent C–N, C–O bond formation.

Correction for ‘Ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed decarbonylative and decarboxylative coupling of isatoic anhydrides with salicylaldehydes: access to aryl 2-aminobenzoates’ by Bidisha R. Bora et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021, 19, 2725–2730, DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00027f.

Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem for the world in the 21st century. The side effects of medicines and persistent complaints make diabetic patients seek alternative therapy. Basti (~therapeutic enema) acclaimed as Ardha chikitsa, is an important Shodhana (~detoxification) procedure in Panchakarma. In general, Basti is contraindicated in Prameha, but many special types of Basti are described in the literature that can be used in distinct cases. This study aims to explore the prospects of Basti chikitsa in the treatment of Prameha. A 56-year-old male suffering from diabetes taking metformin 500 mg tablet twice daily for five years presented with the complaints of polyuria, burning sensation in both upper and lower limbs, weakness and cramps aggravating gradually. HbA1C level (11.6) revealed an uncontrolled blood sugar levels. He was treated with Somavalkala kashaya siddha basti regimen for three months. The patient had significant relief in symptoms such as Prabhuta mutrata, Pipasa, Karapada daha, Karapada supti, Avil mutrata, Klaibya, and Daurbalya after complete course of therapy. The HbA1C level of patient which was 11.5 at the time of registration which lowered to the 6.9, i.e. nearly normal range. Fasting blood sugar and postprandial blood sugar levels were 121 mg/dl and 232 mg/dl, respectively, at the time of registration which reduced after Basti regimen. Thus, Somvalkala kashaya siddha basti appears to be useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

An inexpensive ruthenium(II) complex enabled oxidative annulation of alkynes by using cinnamic acid derivatives to provide diversely decorated multisubstituted α-pyrones.

Valproate (VPA) is a well-tolerated and commonly used drug to treat variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders. VPA-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy is a rare adverse effect which can commonly occur in the background of normal liver function and therapeutic serum levels. Any delay in treatment of VPA-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy can lead to life-threatening coma thus a strong clinical suspicion, fair understanding of the pathophysiology, and management of this drug-related complication can prevent fatal outcome. We hereby report a series of cases admitted to a tertiary care center that developed hyperammonemia and all patients recovered on stopping VPA. This case series cautions the clinicians about hyperammonemia as an uncommon but highly plausible life-threatening side effect, emphasizing astute observation, and high degree of clinical suspicion to prevent mortality and limit morbidity. Early recognition of subtle gastrointestinal, cognitive, and behavioral signs can lead to immediate intervention with satisfying results.

An efficient method was developed for the synthesis of 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines, 3H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]isoquinolines and 3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f][1,7]naphthyridines via intramolecular Heck reactions of imine derivatives of β-halovinyl/aryl aldehydes and 5-aminopyrazoles. This palladium acetate catalyzed reaction afforded good yields of these pyrazolo fused compounds under thermal conditions in the presence of xantphos as the ligand.

The preparation of steroid/nonsteroid fused 7-substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines is described by a one-pot reaction of steroidal/nonsteroidal ketones, aromatic aldehydes and 3-amino-1H-pyrazoles/5-amino-1H-pyrazoles in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide in good yield under reflux condition in ethanol.

An inexpensive ruthenium(II) complex enabled oxidative annulation of alkynes by using cinnamic acid derivatives to provide diversely decorated multisubstituted α-pyrones.