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Background: Proteinuria is a major indicator of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. The gold standard for diagnosis of significant proteinuria is based on a 24hour urine collection which is cumbersome, time-consuming, and inconvenient to patients. A need, therefore, exists for a rapid, valid, and accurate test to identify significant urinary proteinuria. Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional hospital-based study wherein a total of 150 pregnant women who met the criteria of preeclampsia were taken. Spot urine samples for calculating the urine P/C ratio were taken immediately before 24hr urine collection. Correlation between 24hour urine protein and spot PCR was then determined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient(r). Results: The correlation coefficient (r) between 24hr urine protein and spot PCR was found to be 0.734 (n=150) which was highly significant with p

Cyber Space, like outer space, is strategically a vital domain for state offence and defence. However, there has been a substantial rise in the sponsored cyber activities to inflict heavy losses to critical infrastructures due to the lack of rules or norms or any strict international regulations to govern the conflicts in cyberspace. This activity affects the national defence strategies when oppressed by the response crisis and hugely impacts the risk factors. In these circumstances, the dilemma is whether any operative or offensive choice in the event of a cyber threat or cyber-attack violates international law. War has always been a last resort when other forms of punishment have failed, but the power dynamic has fundamentally shifted since World War II. State Governments have been hoarding the arsenals that could destroy cities in a second; hence a need for unconventional resolution has led to the evolving nature of deterrence. States must reconsider alternate strategies to protect their sovereignty by implementing cross-domain deterrence that can cripple an adversary economy, swift surgical strike as retaliation, or curb the attack using counterintelligence. The threat landscape in Cyber Space is beyond frontiers, and the consequences cannot be contained at the perimeter by the regular armed forces. Require special forces and strategies to mitigate the risks. Cross-Domain deterrence to increase cyber resilience, it is crucial to identify existing strategy disparities to take necessary actions on the state misconduct and the misconduct of a policy for global cooperation during state-sponsored cyberattacks. This paper discusses the evolving framework by assessing the changing threat landscape and its associated risks.

The Brake system in automobiles plays a vital role in customer safety. Brake pads are crucial components that experience huge pressure while slowing down the vehicle’s movement. Designing a brake pad requires sound knowledge of structural design, manufacturing ability, and material properties. Further, an optimized model is chosen based on the size of the brake pad and the brake power requirement. Brake pad pressure distribution is one of the main studies in designing automobile brake pads. Numerical solvers are used to validating the experimental results, which is a repetitive process for every new design under the study. Computer-aided engineering tools are costly and time-consuming for design iterations. The present paper provides a new approach for estimating brake pad pressure distribution using machine learning techniques. The accuracy of the machine learning models for various designs shows promising outcomes.

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection. India faced an unprecedented increase in patients with post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). This study proposes a grading system which correlates the extent of the disease with the management plan. An observational study was conducted January 2021-June 2021. We identified 65 patients. Eleven patients had mild disease, 27 patients had moderate, 16 patients were severe and 11 patients were graded as very severe. The management was planned based on this grading system. Early diagnosis, aggressive surgical debridement and antifungal drug therapy is the key to improve survival in ROCM. Procedures such as endoscopic orbital clearance, sublabial maxillectomy, and modified endoscopic Denkers (MED) approach facilitate access and surgical debridement. The new grading system proposed assists in planning the approach and extent of surgical debridement.

Aims and Objectives: To determine the prevalence and etiology of fractured anterior teeth due to trauma among 8–14 years old school going children of Hyderabad city. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 8-14 year old children studying in various schools of Hyderabad for the assessment of traumatic injuries of anterior teeth. Clinical examination was carried out and type of teeth affected, type of fracture, overjet and lip competence were noted. A closed end questionnaire was given to children with questions regarding etiology of trauma, place of injury, symptoms or outcomes after the injury, whether a dentist was consulted, type of treatment done by dentist and time elapsed between trauma and treatment. All the results were analyzed using “statistical package for social sciences” (SPSS) 20.0 software. Results: The prevalence of dental trauma was found to be 7.84%. 11-14year old children showed higher prevalence. Males were more affected than females. Maxillary central incisors were most affected. Fracture involving enamel and dentin were recorded the highest. Children having overjet of >3mm and incompetent lips were at a higher risk of dental trauma (p value = 0.001). The most common cause of injury was sports and home was the most common place of occurrence of injury. Most of the traumatic dental injuries (TDI) did not undergo any treatment. Conclusion: Increasing the awareness of the parents and teachers about the prevention of TDI and the importance of consulting the dentist after trauma should be instituted.

Tuberous sclerosis complex is a rare autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder characterized by the presence of multiple tumors influencing diverse body frameworks including the central nervous system, skin, eyes, heart, lungs, kidney, and bones. It is described by cutaneous changes, neurologic conditions, and the presence of hamartomas in numerous organs. The treatment of these patients requires a multidisciplinary approach. A port-wine stain is characterized as a telangiectatic macule that manifests during childbirth and stays all throughout life. They are associated with many syndromes. This article reports a rare case of co-occurrence of tuberous sclerosis with port-wine stain in a 2-year-old baby.

Systemic mastocytosis with associated clonal hematologic non-mast cell lineage disease (SM-AHN) represents a specific subtype of mastocytosis and is extremely rare in children. We describe a 4-year-old child with systemic mastocytosis associated with Hodgkin's lymphoma. The child had cutaneous mastocytosis and lymphadenopathy without other clinical features of SM, which was diagnosed only by bone marrow examination.

The author discusses a model of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) with physical constraints for an interrelated power system area. The physical constraints are Time Delay interruption, Dead Band and Generation Rate Constraint (GRC). Author implemented optimization technique based load frequency controller (LFC) with conventional proportional plus integral (PI) scheme to eliminate system oscillations and improved system efficiency. For this objective, a non-reheat two area thermal power plant is developed to regulate frequency using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Bacteria Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA) techniques optimized PI controller. Studying the merits of optimization techniques, it has been observed that GA and BFOA is more flexible and realistic as compared to conventional scheme GA and BFOA emphasis better performance as compared to conventional controller technique over variation of system parameter and operating points. Simulation result getting the stable response after introducing physical constraint with conventional scheme.

Background: PPH is most common cause of maternal mortality accounting for 25-30% incidence and third stage of labour plays most crucial role in preventing postpartum haemorrhage.Methods: A prospective randomized control study in which 100 low risk pregnant women, admitted to labour ward with term gestation were evaluated. They were divided into 2 groups- control group (controlled cord traction) and study group (placental cord blood drainage), 50 pregnant women in each group. Duration of third stage and Amount of blood loss in third stage were evaluated and compared between the 2 groups.Results: Mean duration of third stage of labour in study group was 3.96±1.36 minutes and in control group was 6.00±2.12 minutes. The mean amount of blood loss in third stage of labour in study group was 99.80±56.47 ml in control group was 171.760±96.94 ml. Drop in haemoglobin level after delivery in control group was almost double than study group.Conclusions: Placental cord blood drainage in the management of third stage is non-invasive, easy, safe method which can be used in active management of third stage of labour as it has minimal interference in natural mechanism of placental separation. Placental cord blood drainage should be encouraged for management of third stage of labour universally to all pregnant women specifically in low resource setting areas.

The amount of unstructured text present in all electronic media is increasing periodically day after day. In order to extract relevant and succinct information, extraction algorithms are limited to entity relationships. This paper is compendium of different bootstrapping approaches which have their own subtask of extracting dependencies like who did, what, whom, from natural language sentence. This can be extremely helpful in both feature design and error analysis in application of machine learning to natural language processing.

In general, we do not like to wait but each of us has spent a great deal of time waiting in lines even in medical sector also and queuing has become a symbol of inefficiency of a hospital. Managing the length of the line is one of the challenges facing most hospitals. A few of factors that are responsible for long waiting lines or delays in providing services are lack of passion of hospital staff and overloading of available doctors as they are attached in more than one clinic etc. This paper is based on the consideration that most of these problems can be managed by using queuing model to measure the waiting line performances as average arrival rate of patients, average service rate of patients, system utilization etc. The purpose of this study is to provide insight of general background of queuing theory, and how queuing theory can be used by policy makers to increase efficiency of services and to improve the quality of care of patients in hospitals, also understanding cost factor for getting optimum profit.