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espanolEl estado de pandemia, declarado por la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud, el 11 de marzo de 2020, ha puesto a prueba la capacidad de adaptacion y respuesta de la sociedad. Una carrera contra el tiempo para buscar estrategias para combatir la enfermedad del nuevo coronavirus contribuye a la union de los cientificos de todo el mundo, incluyendo el uso de la nanotecnologia. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del estudio fue describir el panorama de las estrategias de la nanotecnologia contra COVID-19, destacando principalmente los productos y diagnosticos, vacunas y tratamientos que son o pueden ser utilizados. Se realizo una revision bibliografica de los estudios publicados entre febrero y noviembre de 2020 en las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo y Google Scholar. Segun los indices de las distintas bases de datos, se utilizaron los terminos de busqueda "new coronavirus 2019", "COVID-19", "severe acute respiratory syndrome" Nanotechnology against COVID-19", "COVID-19 Vaccines" sin ninguna restriccion de idioma. El uso de materiales de base nanometrica ha indicado un gran potencial contra la diseminacion del COVID-19, con la produccion de productos, diagnosticos, vacunas y tratamientos. EnglishThe pandemic state, declared by the World Health Organization, on March 11, 2020, has tested society's adaptability and response. A race against time to seek strategies to fight the disease of the new coronavirus contributes to the union of scientists from all over the world, including using nanotechnology Thus, the objective of the study was described the landscape of nanotechnology strategies against COVID-19, highlighting mainly the products and diagnostics, vaccines and treatments that are or can be used. A literature review was carried out in studies published from February to November 2020 in PubMed, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. According to the indexes of the various databases, search terms were used: “new coronavirus 2019”, “COVID-19”, “severe acute respiratory syndrome” Nanotechnology against COVID-19”, “COVID-19 Vaccines” without any language restrictions. The use of nano-based materials has indicated a great potential against dissemination of COVID-19, with the production of products, diagnostics, vaccines and treatments. Our results demonstrate that nanotechnology offers processes, materials and tools that contribute to increase the sensitivity, agility and reliability of the diagnosis, in addition to providing more effective options for prevention, diagnosis and therapies.

Aim: To investigate the effect of liposomes containing the classical cytotoxic drugs paclitaxel and doxorubicin (Lipo-Pacli/Dox), against a metastatic breast cancer model. We also investigated if Lipo-Pacli/Dox was capable of reverting the tolerogenic environment of metastatic lesions. Materials & methods: Immunogenic cell death induction by the Pacli/Dox combination was assessed in vitro. Antitumor activity and in vivo safety of Lipo-Pacli/Dox were evaluated using a 4T1 breast cancer mouse model Results: Lipo-Pacli/Dox, with a size of 189 nm and zeta potential of -5.01 mV, promoted immune system activation and partially controlled the progression of pulmonary metastasis. Conclusion: Lipo-Pacli/Dox was useful to control both primary tumor and lung metastasis in breast cancer (4T1) mice model. Additionally, Lipo-Pacli/Dox acts as an immunological modulator for this metastatic breast cancer model.

Optimizing drug combination treatment has been an area of interest for a while, from the beginning with the emergence of the POMP regime. The ability to improve drug combinations for cancer treatment comes up against the possibility of several limitations, such as the lack of specificity of the drugs, generating systemic toxic effects, and also the great possibility of generating tumor cells resistant to the drugs. The development of nanooncology offers advances in new alternatives for the treatment of cancer, especially breast cancer. The strategy of using drugs combined in a nanocarrier for the treatment of breast cancer has proven to be quite effective, taking into account that breast cancer has long shown a good response with therapeutic combinations. In this work, we present a review of some examples of nanoformulations developed with the combination of drugs doxorubicin and/or paclitaxel aimed for the treatment of breast cancer. Also the future perspectives of nanotechnology in the drug combination. La optimización del tratamiento de combinación de fármacos ha sido un área de interés durante un tiempo, desde el principio con la aparición del régimen POMP. La capacidad de mejorar las combinaciones de fármacos para el tratamiento del cáncer se enfrenta a la posibilidad de varias limitaciones, como la falta de especificidad de los fármacos, que genera efectos tóxicos sistémicos, y también la gran posibilidad de generar células tumorales resistentes a los fármacos. El desarrollo de la nanooncología ofrece avances en nuevas alternativas para el tratamiento del cáncer, especialmente el cáncer de mama. La estrategia de utilizar fármacos combinados en un nanoportador para el tratamiento del cáncer de mama ha demostrado ser bastante eficaz, teniendo en cuenta que el cáncer de mama ha mostrado desde hace mucho tiempo una buena respuesta con combinaciones terapéuticas. En este trabajo presentamos una revisión de algunos ejemplos de nanoformulaciones desarrolladas con la combinación de fármacos doxorrubicina y / o paclitaxel dirigidos al tratamiento del cáncer de mama. También las perspectivas de futuro de la nanotecnología en la combinación de fármacos. A otimização do tratamento de combinação de medicamentos tem sido uma área de interesse há algum tempo, desde o início com o surgimento do regime POMP. A capacidade de melhorar as combinações de medicamentos para o tratamento do câncer esbarra na possibilidade de várias limitações, como a falta de especificidade dos medicamentos, gerando efeitos tóxicos sistêmicos, e também a grande possibilidade de gerar células tumorais resistentes aos medicamentos. O desenvolvimento da nanooncologia oferece avanços em novas alternativas para o tratamento do câncer, principalmente do câncer de mama. A estratégia de usar medicamentos combinados em um nanocarreador para o tratamento do câncer de mama tem se mostrado bastante eficaz, levando-se em consideração que o câncer de mama há muito apresenta uma boa resposta com combinações terapêuticas. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma revisão de alguns exemplos de nanoformulações desenvolvidas com a combinação dos fármacos doxorrubicina e / ou paclitaxel voltados para o tratamento do câncer de mama. Também as perspectivas futuras da nanotecnologia na combinação de medicamentos.

The main goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the paclitaxel (PTX) drug formulated with a liposomal nanosystem ( L -PTX) in a peritoneal carcinomatosis derived from ovarian cancer. In vitro cell viability studies with the human ovarian cancer line A2780 showed a 50% decrease in the inhibitory concentration for L -PTX compared to free PTX. A2780 cells treated with the L -PTX formulation demonstrated a reduced capacity to form colonies in comparison to those treated with PTX. Cell death following L -PTX administration hinted at apoptosis, with most cells undergoing initial apoptosis. A2780 cells exhibited an inhibitory migration profile when analyzed by Wound Healing and real-time cell analysis (xCELLigence) methods after L -PTX administration. This inhibition was related to decreased expression of the zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and transforming growth factor 2 (TGF-β2) genes. In vivo L -PTX administration strongly inhibited tumor cell proliferation in ovarian peritoneal carcinomatosis derived from ovarian cancer, indicating higher antitumor activity than PTX. L -PTX formulation did not show toxicity in the mice model. This study demonstrated that liposomal paclitaxel formulations are less toxic to normal tissues than free paclitaxel and are more effective in inhibiting tumor cell proliferation/migration and inducing ZEB1/TGF-β2 gene expression.

Ruthenium(II)/benzonitrile complexes have demonstrated promising anticancer properties. Considering that there are no specific therapies for treating sarcoma, we decided to evaluate the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and lethal effects of cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(phen)(dppb)]PF6 (BzCN = benzonitrile; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; dppb = 1,4-bis-(diphenylphosphino)butane), as well as the mechanism of cell death induction that occurs against murine sarcoma-180 tumor. Thus, MTT assay was applied to assess the ruthenium cytotoxicity, showing that the compound is a more potent inhibitor for the sarcoma-180 tumor cell viability than normal cells (lymphocytes). The comet assay indicated low genotoxic for normal cells. cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(phen)(dppb)]PF6 also showed moderate lethality in Artemia salina. The complex induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in sarcoma-180 cells. In addition, the complex caused S180 cells to die by apoptosis by an increase in Annexin-V-positive cells and morphological changes typical of apoptotic cells. Additionally, cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(phen)(dppb)]PF6 increased the gene expression of Bax, Casp3, and Tp53 in S180 cells. By using a western blot, we observed an increased protein level of TNF-R2, Bax, and p21. In conclusion, cis-[RuCl(BzCN)(phen)(dppb)]PF6 is active and selective for sarcoma-180 cells, leading to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 and cell death through a caspases-mediated and Tp53/p21-mediated pathway.