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BackgroundIndividuals with hearing impairments may face hindrances in health care assistance, which may significantly impact the prognosis and the incidence of complications and iatrogenic events. Therefore, the development of automatic communication systems to assist the interaction between this population and health care workers is paramount. ObjectiveThis study aims to systematically review the evidence on communication systems using human-computer interaction techniques developed for deaf people who communicate through sign language that are already in use or proposed for use in health care contexts and have been tested with human users or videos of human users. MethodsA systematic review will be performed based on a literature search in MEDLINE, Web of Science, ACM, and IEEE Xplore as well as top-tiered conferences in the area to identify relevant studies. The inclusion criteria are the description of the development of a sign language recognition system in a health care context and the testing with human users. Independent investigators (LFRO, LRV, and LMMSR) will screen eligible studies, and disagreements will be solved by a senior researcher (MSM). The included papers will undergo full-text screening. A PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) flow diagram will be presented to visually summarize the screening process, ensuring clarity and transparency in presenting the results. Additionally, a comprehensive chart table will be constructed to consolidate essential data related to the key variables extracted from the studies. These results will be meticulously analyzed and presented descriptively, offering insightful interpretations of the information encapsulated within the table. ResultsA preliminary search was performed in April 2024. Researchers concluded the study selection by July 2024. Data extraction, synthesis, report, and recommendations are expected to be finished by February 2025. ConclusionsThis systematic review will identify human-machine systems that enable communication in health services involving deaf patients, presenting the framework that includes usability and application in human contexts. We will present a comprehensive panel of findings, highlighting systems used to tackle communication barriers and offer a narrative comparison of current implementation practices. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/55427

Introduction: Food-related quality of life (FR-QoL) has been shown to be an important patient-reported outcome in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to translate and validate a Portuguese version of the FR-QoL-29. Methods: This was a case-control cross-sectional study undertaken at a tertiary hospital. After obtaining the original authors’ authorization, both forward and backward translations of the original FR-QoL-29 were performed by bilingual researchers. After an IBD expert’s revision and the input of a small group of patients, a final version was obtained. Portuguese IBD patients were prospectively recruited from the outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital and completed the questionnaire at two timepoints (0 and 4 weeks). Reliability (internal consistency, test-retest, and intraclass correlation [ICC]), validity (content and convergent validity, and hypothesis testing using Spearman’s correlations), and responsiveness (Student t tests) were analysed. Results: 239 patients (mean age 50.1 [SD = 15.3 years], 56.5% female) and 87 (36.4%) patients answered the questionnaire at the first and second timepoints, respectively; 126 controls answered the questionnaire. Overall, the FR-QoL-29-Portuguese showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.97) and good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.78 [95% CI: 0.64–0.85]). FR-QoL moderately correlated with health-related quality of life, measured by the SIBDQ-PT (R = 0.49; p < 0.05). Lastly, the questionnaire revealed appropriate responsiveness when patients reported an overall improvement in general well-being (mean improvement 25.88 [SD = 32.50]; p < 0.05). Discussion/Conclusions: We present an adaptation and validation of the FR-QoL-29 tool for Portuguese IBD patients. The FR-QoL-29-Portuguese is a reliable and valid tool shown to be responsive to changes in general well-being.

Over millennia, mammals have coexisted with humans across the forest-savannah mosaics characterising part of West Africa. While some savannahs have long been used for rice cultivation in Guinea-Bissau, savannas and forests are now being rapidly converted into cashew monocultures. To understand how species cope with such land-use changes, we investigated how mammals make use of forest patches, cashew orchards and rice paddies over two contrasting periods: early and late rainy season. Using camera-trapping, we examined mammal diversity and trophic guild activity across seven landscapes, each with one sampling site per habitat type in Northern Guinea-Bissau. Based on 937 records from 21 species, species richness and activity were similar across habitat types, but generally higher in the late-rainy season. In this season, species composition differed between the cashew orchards and rice paddies. At the guild-level, carnivore activity was lower in the rice paddies than in forests, while herbivore activity was lower in the cashew orchards in comparison to that in forests in the early-rainy season. The relatively similar assemblage-wide diversity across habitat types seems to be enabled by the high habitat heterogeneity, but likely offset by previous extinctions from the area. Yet, guild-level habitat use highlighted the fundamental role of forests to sustain functionally healthy mammal assemblages. Maintaining habitat heterogeneity, including patches of native forests, seems to be key in optimizing the long-term conservation of mammal diversity in rural West Africa.

Resumo O artigo busca problematizar o debate sobre as leis referentes a construções em São Paulo a partir do I Congresso de Habitação de 1931, momento de recente ruptura nas instâncias de deliberação legislativa e ao mesmo tempo que novos dispositivos legais estavam em vigor. Embora voltado à habitação, como abordado na maior parte da historiografia, a regulamentação sobre construções foi tematizada nas teses e nas conferências, além de ser objeto de polêmicas nas sessões plenárias com resultados, muitas vezes, distintos dos indicados naqueles trabalhos. A abordagem analisa a composição dos profissionais presentes no congresso, bem como as dinâmicas das discussões. Espera-se contribuir com os estudos sobre o tema ao discutir uma ausência de consensos sobre esses regulamentos nesse debate.

Background/Objectives: Nanoemulsions (NEs) possess properties that enhance the solubility, bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Chalcones are compounds known for their antifungal properties. In this study, we evaluated different emulsification techniques to create alginate nanoemulsions containing chalcone (1E,4E)-1,5-bis (4-methoxyphenyl) penta-1,4-dien-3-one (DB4OCH3). Our goal was to develop an antifungal formulation targeting Candida albicans strains. Methods: Ultrasound and ultrasound combined with high-speed homogenization techniques were used to prepare alginate-stabilized nanoemulsions. Particle size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency were evaluated. Additionally, in vitro release studies were conducted. Results: The combined emulsification technique produced stable nanoparticles with high encapsulation efficiency and antifungal activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 8.75 μg/mL for the nanoemulsions compared to 312 µg/mL for free DB4OCH3. NEs’ effectiveness can be attributed to their ability to form nanodroplets efficiently, facilitating the solubilization of the chalcone in the oily phase. The particle size varied between 195.70 ± 2.69 and 243.40 ± 4.49 nm, with an increase in chalcone concentration leading to larger particle sizes. The zeta potential showed values from −91.77 ± 5.58 to −76.90 ± 4.44 mV. The UHS-7 sample exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of 92.10% ± 0.77, with a controlled in vitro release of 83% after 34 h. Molecular docking simulations showed that the aromatic nature of DB4OCH3 resulted in the formation of apolar interactions with aromatic residues located in the active site of the TMK, as observed in their respective co-crystallized inhibitors, within an affinity energy range that enables optimum specificity of the ligand for these two pathways. Pharmacokinetic analyses indicated high passive cell permeability and low hepatic clearance, and phase I metabolism reduces its oral bioavailability and metabolic stability, suggesting a promising active ingredient as an oral drug with control of the daily oral dose administered. Conclusions: The combined nanoemulsification technique led to the formation of finely dispersed nanodroplets that favored the solubilization of the chalcone in the oil phase, which led to a better performance in the antifungal properties. DB4OCH3 shows promise as an oral drug with controlled dosing.

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To develop technologies that facilitate the creation and customization of digital educational games, this research aimed to explore the use of a game authoring tool by elementary school teachers and to identify the challenges and skills of this public using the tool. Our findings indicate that most of them had difficulties using it due to a lack of digital literacy and many possible configuration settings. They struggled with the steps they needed to complete in the tutorial and understanding concepts such as events, conditions, and actions. On the other hand, they were able to easily arrange the objects in the scenes. As a result, we present a set of recommendations that can be useful to construct new tools for this audience.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopment condition that significantly impacts social communication and interaction as well as behavior impairments, including restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. In recent years, numerous studies have proposed serious games as a way to aid in the therapy of children with ASD. Hence, it is crucial to evaluate the effectiveness of such games and obtain robust evidence of their positive influence on this type of treatment. In this study, we aim to explore the evaluation of games for autistic children by conducting a Systematic Literature Review. We analyze the methods utilized to evaluate these games, their application and combination, the quality aspects assessed, and the number and characteristics (e.g., age and special need) of the participants involved in the evaluation process. Furthermore, we present a compilation of the study findings for each evaluation method. Our findings reveal that there is no standardized methodology since different methods have been utilized and combined in various ways to evaluate serious games that support the treatment of ASD children. As contributions, this paper provides valuable insights into how serious games have been evaluated in this context and can be useful for researchers and game designers working in the field.

Introduction: Although the simulated liver allocation model for liver transplantation has enabled a more equal distribution of surgeries in Brazil, it remains a subject of controversy whether access to the procedure is fair across various regions of the country. To assess this, data from patients who moved to different regions to undergo liver transplants were analyzed. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out on liver transplantation using the Brazilian Unified Health System’s IT department (DATASUS) data from 2018 to 2022, and sorted the procedures/patients by region using Software PAST 4.12 (University of Oslo). Results: 88,78% (n = 198) of patients from the northern region needed to migrate, while in the central-west region, 23.39% (n = 84) of patients needed to migrate to other regions. In three states of the northeast region, 100% (n = 117) of the patients needed to migrate to states within the same region. In Tukey’s pairwise test: Midwest and Southeast p=0.03, North and Southeast p=0.008, Northeast and Southeast p= 0.02. Conclusions: There is a noticeable disparity in access and the need for patient migration from the North, Northeast, and Central-West regions, which may affect the prognosis and result in extra expenses for patients from these regions.

The mass production of screen-printed electrochemical devices with integrated electrodes has facilitated the widespread adoption of electroanalytical methods. The SPEs (screen-printed electrodes) overcome some obstacles associated with the use of conventional electrochemical cells, making them accessible to untrained operators. Despite their advantages, SPEs require activation/modification of the working electrode (WE) to enhance sensitivity. Nanomaterials, with metal nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed in polymers and/or carbon NPs has gaining popularity for this purpose. In this study, we describe a modification of carbon SPEs (SPCEs) using Pt NPs and reduced graphene oxide (ERGO). The Pt-ERGO@SPCE is prepared by galvanostatic reduction of drop-casted precursors directly onto the WE surface, eliminating complex synthetic steps and high temperatures. After optimizing Pt amount and reduction extent, the modified SPCEs were tested for detecting hydroquinone (HQ) and bisphenol A (BPA). DPV results show significantly increased sensitivity for the quantification of both compounds. The modified SPCEs demonstrates promising performance: precision (5 % HQ, 8 % BPA), detection limits (1.4 μM HQ, 4.6 μM BPA), sensitivity (1688 μA mM−1 HQ, 441 μA mM−1 BPA), and recoveries (98–113 % HQ, 98–104 % BPA). This simple electrode modification holds great potential, allowing the preparation of the sensor by personnel who may lack access to well-equipped laboratories, particularly in developing countries.

Abstract Background There is need of information on ecological interactions that keystone species such as apex predators establish in ecosystems recently recolonised. Interactions among carnivore species have the potential to influence community-level processes, with consequences for ecosystem dynamics. Although avoidance of apex predators by smaller carnivores has been reported, there is increasing evidence that the potential for competitive-to-facilitative interactions is context-dependent. In a protected area recently recolonised by the wolf Canis lupus and hosting abundant wild prey (3 ungulate species, 20–30 individuals/km2, together), we used 5-year food habit analyses and 3-year camera trapping to (i) investigate the role of mesocarnivores (4 species) in the wolf diet; (ii) test for temporal, spatial, and fine-scale spatiotemporal association between mesocarnivores and the wolf. Results Wolf diet was dominated by large herbivores (86% occurrences, N = 2201 scats), with mesocarnivores occurring in 2% scats. We collected 12,808 carnivore detections over > 19,000 camera trapping days. We found substantial (i.e., generally ≥ 0.75, 0–1 scale) temporal overlap between mesocarnivores—in particular red fox—and the wolf, with no support for negative temporal or spatial associations between mesocarnivore and wolf detection rates. All the species were nocturnal/crepuscular and results suggested a minor role of human activity in modifying interspecific spatiotemporal partitioning. Conclusions Results suggest that the local great availability of large prey to wolves limited negative interactions towards smaller carnivores, thus reducing the potential for spatiotemporal avoidance. Our study emphasises that avoidance patterns leading to substantial spatiotemporal partitioning are not ubiquitous in carnivore guilds.

Measurement(s) COVID-19 Protocols, Restrictions • Health Behaviors • Personality and Behavioral Change, CTCAE • Emotion • Message Framing • Self-Determination Technology Type(s) Survey • Experiment Design Type Factor Type(s) COVID-19 Protocols, Restrictions • Health Behaviors • Loss-Gain Framing • Cognitive Reappraisal • Self-Determination Messaging Sample Characteristic - Organism Homo Sample Characteristic - Environment Daily Life Sample Characteristic - Location North America • South America • Africa • Australia • Europe • United Kingdom • Asia

Intelligent conversational agents have become widespread. Inspired by conversations in natural language, they present different degrees of intelligence and autonomy, bringing challenges for Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). One such challenge concerns design languages for modeling user-agent interaction. We focus here on MoLIC, a design-phase dialogue model based on Semiotic Engineering theory devised to represent user-system interactions as conversations. We performed two case studies with MoLIC interaction diagrams representing two conversational agents – the ANA chatbot and Samsung Bixby. We examined how the interactive aspects of these agents could be expressed in MoLIC. Although it was possible to express the general interaction, our results showed limitations related to the language expressiveness or its inadequacy to represent these systems. We identified limitations in the applicability of MoLIC in modeling and pondered on how to extend or adapt it; directing the HCI community to issues and initiatives that can help design and model these technologies.

The way Complex Machine Learning (ML) models generate their results is not fully understood, including by very knowledgeable users. If users cannot interpret or trust the predictions generated by the model, they will not use them. Furthermore, the human role is often not properly considered in the development of ML systems. In this article, we present the design, implementation and evaluation of Explain-ML, an Interactive Machine Learning (IML) system for Explainable Machine Learning that follows the principles of Human-Centered Machine Learning (HCML). We assess the user experience with the Explain-ML interpretability strategies, contrasting them with the analysis of how other IML tools address the IML principles. To do so, we have conducted an analysis of the results of the evaluation of Explain-ML with potential users in light of principles for IML systems design and a systematic inspection of three other tools – Rulematrix, Explanation Explorer and ATMSeer – using the Semiotic Inspection Method (SIM). Our results generated positive indicators regarding Explain-ML and the process that guided its development. Our analyses also highlighted aspects of the IML principles that are relevant from the users’ perspective. By contrasting the results with Explain-ML and SIM inspections of the other tools we were able to identify common interpretability strategies. We believe that the results reported in this work contribute to the understanding and consolidation of the IML principles, ultimately advancing the knowledge in HCML.

This article explores the main trends observed in the evolution of the populations registered in the Portuguese prison system between 2000 and 2017. Based on an analysis that spans the changes in the field of Criminal Law, official statistical data, and national and international studies and reports on the application of the prison sentence in the country, we aim at understanding and identifying some of the challenges posed to the prison system by the movement of the prison population, as well as by the changes registered in the profile of this population. The evolution and trends identified make it possible to inquire about the impact of the law and to help identify some of the paths that remain to be traced in response to the international legal imperatives in matters of the incarcerated population.

BackgroundThe potential of chatbots for screening and monitoring COVID-19 was envisioned since the outbreak of the disease. Chatbots can help disseminate up-to-date and trustworthy information, promote healthy social behavior, and support the provision of health care services safely and at scale. In this scenario and in view of its far-reaching postpandemic impact, it is important to evaluate user experience with this kind of application. ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the quality of user experience with a COVID-19 chatbot designed by a large telehealth service in Brazil, focusing on the usability of real users and the exploration of strengths and shortcomings of the chatbot, as revealed in reports by participants in simulated scenarios. MethodsWe examined a chatbot developed by a multidisciplinary team and used it as a component within the workflow of a local public health care service. The chatbot had 2 core functionalities: assisting web-based screening of COVID-19 symptom severity and providing evidence-based information to the population. From October 2020 to January 2021, we conducted a mixed methods approach and performed a 2-fold evaluation of user experience with our chatbot by following 2 methods: a posttask usability Likert-scale survey presented to all users after concluding their interaction with the bot and an interview with volunteer participants who engaged in a simulated interaction with the bot guided by the interviewer. ResultsUsability assessment with 63 users revealed very good scores for chatbot usefulness (4.57), likelihood of being recommended (4.48), ease of use (4.44), and user satisfaction (4.38). Interviews with 15 volunteers provided insights into the strengths and shortcomings of our bot. Comments on the positive aspects and problems reported by users were analyzed in terms of recurrent themes. We identified 6 positive aspects and 15 issues organized in 2 categories: usability of the chatbot and health support offered by it, the former referring to usability of the chatbot and how users can interact with it and the latter referring to the chatbot’s goal in supporting people during the pandemic through the screening process and education to users through informative content. We found 6 themes accounting for what people liked most about our chatbot and why they found it useful—3 themes pertaining to the usability domain and 3 themes regarding health support. Our findings also identified 15 types of problems producing a negative impact on users—10 of them related to the usability of the chatbot and 5 related to the health support it provides. ConclusionsOur results indicate that users had an overall positive experience with the chatbot and found the health support relevant. Nonetheless, qualitative evaluation of the chatbot indicated challenges and directions to be pursued in improving not only our COVID-19 chatbot but also health chatbots in general.

The low reproducibility rate in social sciences has produced hesitation among researchers in accepting published findings at their face value. Despite the advent of initiatives to increase transparency in research reporting, the field is still lacking tools to verify the credibility of research reports. In the present paper, we describe methodologies that let researchers craft highly credible research and allow their peers to verify this credibility. We demonstrate the application of these methods in a multi-laboratory replication of Bem's Experiment 1 (Bem 2011 J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 100, 407–425. (doi:10.1037/a0021524)) on extrasensory perception (ESP), which was co-designed by a consensus panel including both proponents and opponents of Bem's original hypothesis. In the study we applied direct data deposition in combination with born-open data and real-time research reports to extend transparency to protocol delivery and data collection. We also used piloting, checklists, laboratory logs and video-documented trial sessions to ascertain as-intended protocol delivery, and external research auditors to monitor research integrity. We found 49.89% successful guesses, while Bem reported 53.07% success rate, with the chance level being 50%. Thus, Bem's findings were not replicated in our study. In the paper, we discuss the implementation, feasibility and perceived usefulness of the credibility-enhancing methodologies used throughout the project.

Estudos sobre desenvolvimento socioeconômico ganham força a cada ano, porém o Brasil carece de um indicador que consiga mensurar sua realidade mais precisamente, então é necessário investigar um objeto de pesquisa menor e mais condizente, ou seja, as famílias brasileiras. Portanto, o presente artigo tem em seu objetivo realizar a construção do Índice de Desenvolvimento Familiar (IDF), proposto por Barros (2003), através da base de dados da PNAD, no período de 2012 a 2019, o IDF foi escolhido por melhor se adaptar com a realidade familiar do país, sendo assim, a análise irá verificar e revelar o grau de desenvolvimento das famílias, com o intuito de identificar as regiões focos de carência, além de uma análise mais aprofundada no estado do Pará. Os resultados expostos demostram que as famílias brasileiras possuem nível médio de desenvolvimento socioeconômico, os piores resultados tanto para pobreza quanto para o IDF foram nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, enquanto os melhores foram na região Sul e Sudeste. Portanto, o IDF se mostrou mais condizente com a realidade familiar brasileira, apresentando, um valor de desenvolvimento palpável com a realidade.

Este artigo é um ensaio teórico que apresenta reflexões, ações e questionamentos que podem ser considerados na constituição de perspectivas epistemológicas para a formação docente partir da epistemologia da prática. Entende-se que a complexidade e a potencialidade de coordenação de conceitos oriundos de diferentes elucidações, bem como seus limites de aproximação, podem contribuir na constituição dessas perspectivas. Entre esses conceitos estão, por exemplo, os conceitos de professor reflexivo e investigativo, bem como de aprendizagem situada em contexto e igualmente de profissionalização docente.

Resumo O artigo analisou as implicações do Ato Médico na ordenação das relações entre as profissões de saúde e em aspectos relacionados ao controle do campo de conhecimento médico, à prática profissional e ao mercado de trabalho em saúde. Por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, investigou-se o Ato Médico mediante análise documental de material proveniente de 18 edições do Jornal Medicina do Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM) (223 edições consultadas entre 1998 e 2018). Foram evidenciados interesses particulares no processo de negociação e de efetivação da Lei do Ato Médico, reconhecida como instrumento de controle profissional decorrente das transformações ocorridas no sistema de profissões da saúde e no mercado de trabalho em saúde. A regulamentação profissional dirigida ao exercício exclusivo de atos profissionais considerados atos médicos aparece como uma vantagem para a corporação médica. Ao pretender a exclusividade da prática médica em múltiplas abrangências, o Ato Médico termina por intensificar conflitos com profissões da saúde que compartilham seus atos profissionais. Foi concluído que o Ato Médico poderia ser também entendido enquanto resultado de um movimento pela valorização das bases liberais de atuação, objetivando a defesa da prática individual, da livre escolha, do custeio dos serviços pelo cliente e da prestação direta dos serviços.

The Robot Operating System (ROS) is one of the most used software framework to develop robot applications. Although it is possible to reuse packages and code from other ROS projects, ROS applications remain low level and reasoning at a higher level of abstraction is not possible. Using Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) in the context of ROS applications would allow to increase the accessibility of ROS, leverage the reusability of packages and supply validation of the software earlier in the design, using formal methods. For instance, formal verification methods would improve the overall dependability of robotic systems. Our view is that we should increase the abstraction of the systems through models using MDE methodology in order to enable the use of formal methods on ROS applications. In this paper we do a first step toward this and propose a comparative study of existing modeling alternatives aiming to help roboticists to smoothly adopt MDE. This study compares the use of modeling in ROS systems in three different ways: by means of direct UML modeling, a ROS UML prole and a ROS Domain-Specific Language. That allows us to pick the solution that better fits our needs.

Cheese is one of the most consumed foods in Brazil, as it shows wide acceptance in all social classes. However, it is highly susceptible to microbial contamination. Food-borne diseases, caused mainly by bacteria, are a serious public health problem and are the cause of several deaths worldwide. In view of the above, the present study aimed at a bibliographical review to discuss the conservation of cheese produced with essential oils, in order to encourage new research to be carried out aiming to discover compounds that can be used in food preservation, mainly cheeses. In this review, some varieties of more commercialized cheeses were mentioned, citing their characteristics and form of contamination, the main microorganisms associated with cheese contamination, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, plants with antimicrobial potential against bacteria involved in cheese contamination, synthetic preservatives and studies reporting the inhibition of growth of some microorganisms in cheeses produced with the addition of essential oils extracted from plants.

Objective: To evaluate the relation between the ingestion of cariogenic foods by university students from African countries, the presence of dental caries and Candida spp. and the value of salivary pH. Methods: Transversal and analytic study, carried out at a Brazilian university. The ingestion of cariogenic foods was evaluated through a questionnaire and the rate of decayed, missing and filled teeth was determined (DMFT Index). To quantify the pH, an indicator strip was immersed in collected saliva. Identification of Candida spp. was carried out through a culture of the sample in CHROMagar Candida™. To analyze the data, we applied Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Qui-Square tests, considering a value of p < 0.05. Results: Out of 133 participants, 57.89% were Guinean, 20.30% had Candida spp. in their oral cavity and the majority ingested cariogenic foods and had a salivary pH of 7. The highest average in DMFT Index was observed among those who ingested dessert, chocolate and juice boxes. As for the ingestion of cariogenic foods among students with Candida spp. in their oral cavity, 44.44% and 33.33% ingested sweetened cookies and dessert once a week, respectively. The majority of participants who ingested dessert, chocolate, juice boxes and chocolate milk, regardless of frequency of ingestion, showed a pH of 7. Conclusion: In general, students, despite ingesting cariogenic foods, even with a weekly frequency, had low DMFT Index, adequate salivary pH and Candida wasn’t present.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil químico, teor de fenóis totais e as atividades antioxidante, antiacetilcolinesterásica e antifúngica dos extratos etanólicos das folhas (EEF) e do caule (EEC) de cinco espécies de Senna, bem como avaliar a correlação entre o conteúdo de fenóis totais com a atividade sequestradora do radical livre DPPH e com a inibição da enzima acetilcolinesterase AChEI. No teste fitoquímico, evidenciou-se a presença de metabólitos secundários em todos os extratos. Os EEF e EEC de Senna trachypus, destacaram-se por apresentar os maiores valores de fenóis totais. Os EEF e EEC de S. trachypus mostraram a melhor ação sobre a enzima acetilcolinesterase. Todas as espécies apresentaram atividade antioxidante, em especial o EEF de S. trachypus. Foi observado correlação forte para as variáveis fenóis totais e atividade antioxidante (r = -0,71), muito forte para fenóis totais e antiacetilcolinesterase (r = -0,84) e atividade moderada para atividade antioxidante e antiacetilcolinesterase (0,43). Apenas os extratos de S. trachypus apresentaram atividade contra todos os dermatófitos, quando comparado às demais espécies. A espécie S. trachypus foi considerada a planta mais promissora para estudos subsequentes, a fim de encontrar compostos com ações farmacológicas.

Nesta entrevista, Amelinha Teles discorre sobre sua trajetória intelectual e militante iniciada durante a ditadura civil e militar no Brasil e a recepção do livro de Heleieth Saffioti (2013), A mulher na sociedade de classes: mito e realidade, considerado por Amelinha como o primeiro livro feminista sobre mulheres escrito no Brasil. Ressalta-se a contemporaneidade do legado de Saffioti por meio das teorias do Nó das relações sociais de classe, gênero e raça e atualidade do Patriarcado. Discute-se, também, o diálogo íntimo entre Heleieth Saffioti e a luta feminista no Brasil, especialmente a atuação de Heleieth Saffioti junto às Promotoras Legais Populares (PLPs).

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has quickly swept the globe leaving a devastating trail of lost human lives and leading to a public health and economic crisis. With this in mind, prosociality has been heralded as a potential important factor to overcome the negative effects of the pandemic. As such, in this study, we examined the effectiveness of a brief reflexive writing exercise about recent experiences of gratitude on individuals’ intentions to engage in prosocial behaviors using a sample of 253 participants living in Portugal and 280 participants living in Brazil. Participants were randomly assigned to either a condition in which they were asked to write about recent experiences of gratitude or a control group in which they were asked to write about daily tasks. We predicted that the gratitude intervention would increase state gratitude and, consequently, increase positive affect and empathic concern, and decrease negative affect, leading to increased intentions to engage in prosocial behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. A moderated serial–parallel mediation analysis, in which we controlled for gender, age, and level of religiosity, indicated that our manipulation led to increases in state gratitude, which in turn increased positive emotions and empathic concern, leading to increased prosocial intentions in both countries. A content analysis of participants’ responses in the gratitude group revealed that relationships with others and health and well-being were the central themes of their gratitude experiences during the COVID-19 global pandemic.

Introdução: A COVID-19, doença infeciosa causada por um novo coronavírus, SARS-CoV-2, propagou-se rapidamente pelo mundo inteiro, resultando numa necessidade emergente de obtenção de conhecimentos alusivos à sua patogénese, diagnóstico e sintomatologia. Mais especificamente, um número cada vez maior de casos relativos a manifestações cutâneas, previamente desconhecidas, tem vindo a ser descrito. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa de literatura, através da base de dados PubMed, referente às manifestações dermatológicas associadas à COVID-19. O presente artigo descreve os achados clínicos e histológicos das principais lesões cutâneas observadas em contexto da infeção por SARS-CoV-2. Discussão: Manifestações cutâneas associadas à COVID-19 foram descritas em múltiplos estudos retrospetivos e prospetivos, séries de casos e casos clínicos isolados. A incidência reportada atingiu os 20,4%, verificando-se uma heterogeneidade de padrões clínicos substancial. Destes destacam-se as erupções eritematosas/maculopapulares, urticariformes, papulovesiculares, purpúricas/petequiais, lesões tipo-perniose e lesões livedóides/acro-isquémicas. O conhecimento dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos subjacentes tem vindo a ser enriquecido com achados os histológicos e de biologia molecular. Conclusão: É essencial o reconhecimento das manifestações dermatológicas associadas à COVID-19, uma vez que podem permitir o diagnóstico precoce da infeção, nomeadamente em casos oligossintomáticos ou quando não é possível a realização de testes confirmatórios. Embora menos estabelecido, lesões tipo-perniose e acro-isquémicas, parecem ter também um papel importante a nível prognóstico.

RESUMO Este artigo de revisão reporta ao estudo químico e farmacológico de metabolitos secundários isolados de 20 espécies do gênero Zanthoxylum Linnaeus. Os constituintes químicos voláteis e fixos das espécies desse gênero foram isolados e caracterizados por métodos analíticos. Esta revisão foi realizada através da busca organizada de Dissertações de Mestrado, Teses de Doutorado e principalmente artigos científicos publicados sobre estudos fotoquímicos e atividades antimicrobianas das espécies do gênero Zanthoxylum disponíveis nos Periódicos CAPES, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Scielo e Google Acadêmico entre 1985 e 2019. As espécies apresentaram composição química diversificada onde predominam alcaloides, terpenos e cumarinas com diferentes tipos de atividades antimicrobianas, tais como: antifúngica, antibiótica, antiprotozoário e antiviral.

We report a case of a 84-year-old male hospitalized for bacterial pneumonia who, during hospitalization, developed a flexural exanthema in parallel with a positive swab for SARS-CoV-2. Supportive therapy was instituted, the rash disappeared in 7 days and the patient fully recovered. At the same time, two other cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred in the same ward. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of a skin biopsy showed a scarce predominantly perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the upper dermis, predominantly by CD4+ T cells, a slight epidermotropism, spongiosis and focal parakeratosis, compatible with a viral exanthema or a maculopapular drug eruption. Patch testing with possible culprit drugs were negative. We seek to add value in understanding all the manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to draw attention to the importance of early identification of skin manifestations in association with COVID-19.

O presente artigo trata sobre a taxação dos danos morais no direito do trabalho no município de Camaçari na Bahia. O objetivo é entender como vem funcionando a taxação dos danos morais, sua importância e relevância e aplicação pós reforma trabalhista, com ênfase na cidade de Camaçari/BA. Além da pesquisa bibliográfica, pautada em jurisprudência e artigos do recente tema, também utilizamos de pesquisa jurisprudencial e entrevista com o diretor da primeira vara do trabalho de Camaçari. Desta forma, nossa pesquisa é primordialmente qualitativa. O trabalho está dividido em cinco capítulos: o primeiro trata da definição , origem e evolução dos danos morais; o segundo sobre o seu funcionamento antes da reforma trabalhista seguido por seu funcionamento pós reforma; adiante, o debate sobre a sua (in) constitucionalidade e a taxação e seus impactos sociais e o cuidado com o trabalhador; e no último capítulo, debateremos as decisões do TRT com enfoque na cidade de Camaçari. Pudemos perceber com a pesquisa que a reforma trabalhista limitou a liberdade no arbitramento das decisões dos valores das indenizações por danos morais, gerando um desequilibro nas relações, mas que, no entanto, na prática, os juízes também tem se utilizado da CC e CF para embasar as decisões nesse sentido, apesar de que, por ser um tema bastante recente, ainda não há um extenso arcabouço jurisprudencial sobre o tema.

A global health emergency has been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak spread across the world. Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at risk for developing respiratory failure and requiring admission to critical care units. While providing optimal treatment for these patients, careful execution of infection control measures is necessary to prevent nosocomial transmission to other patients and to health workers providing care.1 In the operating room, these preparations involve multiple stakeholders and can present a significant challenge. Here we described the measures for the outbreak adopted by the anesthesia department of a private tertiary care level hospital in Porto. These include engineering controls such as: identification and preparation of an isolation operating rooms, administrative measures such as: modification of workflow and processes, introduction of personal protective equipment, and formulation of clinical guidelines for anaesthetic management. We discuss how the hierarchy of controls should be a framework to plan, the necessary measures during each phase of a pandemic, and review the evidence of the procedures taken. [...]

Abstract: This article describes the chemical composition of Vernonia chalybaea essential oil, and investigates its antimicrobial, antioxidant and hemolytic activities. The evaluation of the antifungal activity was performed by the broth microdilution method using strains of yeasts and dermatophytic fungi. The checkerboard technique to find antimicrobial modulatory effects was performed using ketoconazole as standard drug. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH scavenging assay and β-carotene/linoleic-acid system. The toxicity was characterized by the brine shrimp lethality test and hemolysis bioassays. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS method, showing to be rich in the sesquiterpenes β-caryophyllene (39.06%) and bicyclogermacrene (19.69%), and also demonstrated a relevant antifungal activity against strains of Trichophyton rubrum. In the modulatory activity assay, the essential oil of V. chalybaea and β-caryophyllene demonstrated a synergistic interaction with ketoconazole, with increasing of its antifungal action. The antioxidant activity was evidenced mainly by β-carotene/linoleic acid system, with IC50 value of 35.87 ± 0.32 µg/mL. The results suggest that V. chalybaea essential oil and β-caryophyllene are valuable natural medicinal agents with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

Tradicionalmente o destino turístico é uma unidade geográfica, uma localidade que envolve uma série de infraestrutura, atrações, serviços e atividades para proporcionar a maior satisfação do visitante. A competição entre destinos turísticos está mais acirrada, as cidades se preparam e investem em atividades, infraestrutura, atrações, e desenvolvem recursos para maior satisfação dos turistas que visitam. Diante deste cenário define-se o objetivo desta pesquisa: avaliar a vantagem competitiva de Balneário Camboriú com base na Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR), na percepção dos stakeholders. Para isso foi adotado uma metodologia exploratória e bibliográfica. Na seção de revisão bibliográfica são apresentadas inicialmente as várias definições de destinos turísticos, competitividade e VBR. Como resultado identificou-se que Balneário Camboriú possui recursos considerados como vantagens competitivas que podem ser utilizadas para o sucesso sustentável do destino turístico.

Understanding the behavioral dynamics that underline human-robot interactions in groups remains one of the core challenges in social robotics research. However, despite a growing interest in this topic, there is still a lack of established and validated measures that allow researchers to analyze human-robot interactions in group scenarios; and very few that have been developed and tested specifically for research conducted in-the-wild. This is a problem because it hinders the development of general models of human-robot interaction, and makes the comprehension of the inner workings of the relational dynamics between humans and robots, in group contexts, significantly more difficult. In this paper, we aim to provide a reflection on the current state of research on human-robot interaction in small groups, as well as to outline directions for future research with an emphasis on methodological and transversal issues.

A água é um recurso imprescindível ao ser humano, mas pode trazer consequências à saúde se for de má qualidade. Com o objetivo de monitorar a qualidade microbiológica da água armazenada em cisternas, na comunidade de Serrota, município de Santana do Acaraú – CE, foram analisadas três cisternas a cada 60 dias, durante um período de 10 meses, totalizando 15 amostras. Para as análises microbiológicas foram utilizadas: técnica dos tubos múltiplos NMP – Número Mais Provável, identificação de microrganismos da família Enterobacteriaceae, quantificação de bactérias aeróbicas mesófilas e teste parasitológico. Os testes evidenciaram que todas as cisternas havia contaminação, onde o NMP de Coliformes Totais na faixa de 7,0x10 a >1,6x10³ NMP/100mL, para Coliformes Termotolerantes na faixa 0,2x10 a 5,4x10² NMP/100mL e os microrganismos identificados em uma quantidade significativa foram de 25% Escherichia coli, 24% Serratia liquefaciens e 15% Proteus vulgaris. A quantificação de bactérias aeróbias mesófilas variou de 2,3x10 UFC/mL a 2,97x10⁴ UFC/mL. Para a metodologia de sedimentação espontânea, as análises parasitológicas não revelaram a presença de parasitas. Desta forma, as análises realizadas revelaram que 100% das amostras investigadas demostraram estar em desacordo com a legislação vigente, atribuindo positividade para as amostras em relação a CTT a água se apresenta imprópria para consumo humano. Já para a presença de CT, o Ministério da Saúde não estipula valores recomendado, apenas indica adoção de medidas corretivas que devem ser adotadas e novas amostras devem ser coletadas em dias sucessivos até que revelem resultados satisfatórios. Para o número de bactérias mesófilas aeróbias o MS define que valores não ultrapasse 500 UFC/mL. Assim, recomenda-se a adoção de um programa de educação sanitária para a conscientização e informação à população sobre os cuidados na utilização do sistema de captação de água da chuva.

RESUMO Compostos químicos com atividades biológicas isolados de espécies vegetais e usados pela população por meio de extratos e óleo essencial são promissoras fontes de prospecção de novos fármacos. O gênero Myroxylon L. f. apresenta elevado potencial farmacológico, sendo usado na medicina popular para o tratamento de diversas enfermidades, tais como feridas, catarros, úlceras, dores de cabeça e de ouvido. Este artigo de revisão apresenta as principais características fitoquímicas e farmacológicas das espécies do gênero Myroxylon (M. peruiferum L.f., M. balsamum (L.) Harms e M. pereirae (Royle) Klotzsch), cujos estudos de atividades biológicas são promissores.

Physical and chemical characteristics of honey may vary due to the diversity of flora and soil characteristics, or seasonal factors. This study was carried out in two counties, Nova Aurora and Ubiratã, located in the West and Center-West regions of the State of Paraná. The objective of the study was to verify if the physical and chemical parameters of Apis mellifera (L.) honey are in accordance with the national standard, as well as to verify how the 21 samples collected in the two localities are grouped, based on the physical, chemical and pollen characteristics. Honey was analyzed for sugar, ash, protein, moisture, color, electrical conductivity, formaldehyde index, diastase and viscosity. Samples of honey containing the dominant pollen types Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Eucalyptus sp. formed groupings similar to those based on physical and chemical characteristics, however, the multivariate classification of honey samples in groups based on pollen types was not an efficient method to group samples of polyfloral honey.

Introduction: Inserted in the challenge of enabling the interaction of health professionals with electronic medical records - based on ISO 13606 - as well as allow them to customize interfaces (although preserving the structure and standardization of Electronic Health Records Systems (S-RES), the objective of this cutout paper is to characterize the essential properties of S-RES - flexibility, standardization and structure and ease of interaction - by analyzing three of these systems. Method: It was used the Design Science Research method that seeks to generate theoretical knowledge as solving a practical problem (identified in the context of a broader research). More specifically, the goal detailed in this cutout, demanded a literature review of the existing requirements and difficulties of S-RES users, followed by a survey and characterization of the essential properties of the S-RES and the establishment of assessment criteria. The inspection method completes the methodological proposal, since the questions (which indicate the criteria) were presented to two experts as a basis for the analysis. Results: In the proposed cutout, the essential properties of the systems were raised, characterized and analyzed in three S-RES. It was confirmed the importance of the essential properties of these types of systems, although hard to find in a combined way on a single system. Conclusion: The challenges posed to the S-RES are not confined to an approach or even to a context of use. As future work it is propose the creation of an extensible interface model for Electronic Health Record systems based on ISO 13606.

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the health promotion conditions in schools and the consumption of alcohol and other drugs by students. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 3,464 students aged 12 to 17 from all schools of the cities of Lajeado and Sapiranga, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and 53 managers from the same schools; the data was collected in 2012. Reports of the use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs in 2012 were used as outcomes, and the health promotion score in the school environment was used as the exposure of interest. We submitted the data to multilevel analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of the annual use of tobacco was 9.8% (95%CI 8.8-10.8), alcohol was 46.2% (95%CI 44.5-47.8), and other drugs was 10.9% (95%CI 9.9-12.0). In the crude analysis, only the use of tobacco was associated with less health promoting schools (OR = 1.89, 95%CI 1.16-3.09) when compared to those with better conditions. This association lost statistical significance in the adjusted analysis (OR = 1.27, 95%CI 0.74-2.19). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of the school environment on the use of drugs, especially tobacco and alcohol, are manifested mainly by the individual and family conditions of the adolescents.

Evaluation of root morphology and kinetic parameters assist in the characterization of genotypes in nutrient uptake efficiency. This study characterized Australian cedar clones concerning their nutrient uptake capacity at the seedling stage through root morphology and the kinetics of P, K, Ca, and Mg uptake. The experiment was conducted using a nutrient solution in a greenhouse and growth chamber. Four Australian cedar clones (HE, XF, XD, and XE), provided by Bela Forest View ( Empresa Florestal Bela Vista ), were tested using a completely randomized design with five repetitions, totaling 20 experimental plots. The length, volume, surface area, average diameter, and root length per diameter class, as well as the uptake parameters V max , K m , C min , and the estimated inflow of P, K, Ca, and Mg, were determined. The root morphological characteristics varied between Australian cedar clones; clone XD exhibited the largest root system development. The uptake efficiency of P, K, Ca, and Mg varied between cedar Australian clones. When availability differed, clones XE and XF exhibited greater plasticity in the uptake of P and K respectively, and similar results were found for clone HE in the uptake of Ca and Mg.

A relação entre homens e mulheres é única e composta por desigualdade e preconceito dirigido aos membros do sexo oposto. Enquanto a forma hostil de sexismo foi já muito estudada, o sexismo moderno é caracterizado pela simultaneidade de formas hostis e benevolentes de preconceito, e por isso conceitualizado como Sexismo Ambivalente. O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar o Inventário de Sexismo Ambivalente (ASI) e o Inventário de Ambivalência em relação aos Homens (AMI) para a população Portuguesa, e avaliar as suas propriedades psicométricas. Ambos os inventários foram administrados a 258 estudantes universitários (31% homens e 69% mulheres), com uma média de idade de 27 anos. As análises fatoriais confirmatórias revelaram evidência da multidimensionalidade de ambos os inventários, validade fatorial, convergente e discriminante, e fiabilidade interna. Os homens revelaram níveis mais elevados de hostilidade e de benevolência dirigido às mulheres, as mulheres revelaram maiores níveis de hostilidade dirigida aos homens. A hostilidade em relação aos homens aumentou com a idade, enquanto a benevolência diminuiu. O preconceito hostil e benevolente foi maior em pessoas com menos anos de escolaridade. Religiosidade correlacionou significativamente com os índices de sexismo benevolente. Foi assim demonstrada a validade e confiabilidade da adaptação dos Inventários de Sexismo Moderno em Portugal.

Abstract The increased incidence of cancer and its high treatment costs have encouraged the search for new compounds to be used in adjuvant therapies for this disease. This study discloses the synthesis of (Z)-4-((1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) amino)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid (IR-01) and evaluates not only the action of this compound on genetic integrity, increase in splenic phagocytosis and induction of cell death but also its effects in combination with the commercial chemotherapeutic agents doxorubicin, cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. IR-01 was designed and synthesized based on two multifunctionalyzed structural fragments: 4-aminoantipyrine, an active dipyrone metabolite, described as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent; and the pharmacophore fragment 1,4-dioxo-2-butenyl, a cytotoxic agent. The results indicated that IR-01 is an effective chemoprotector because it can prevent clastogenic and/or aneugenic damage, has good potential to prevent genomic damage, can increase splenic phagocytosis and lymphocyte frequency and induces cell death. However, its use as an adjuvant in combination with chemotherapy is discouraged since IR-01 interferes in the effectiveness of the tested chemotherapeutic agents. This is a pioneer study as it demonstrates the chemopreventive effects of IR-01, which may be associated with the higher antioxidant activity of the precursor structure of 4-aminoantipyrine over the effects of the 1,4-dioxo-2-butenyl fragment.

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