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Este estudo analisa o impacto dos fatores econômicos nas taxas de suicídio por 100.000 habitantes nas microrregiões brasileiras, usando uma abordagem de painel dinâmico espacial. Foram utilizados dados do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade (SIM) no período de 2006 a 2017. Os resultados identificam clusters de altas taxas de suicídio na região Sul e taxas mais baixas nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Observou-se uma relação inversa entre uma conjuntura econômica positiva e as taxas de suicídio, indicando que aumentos no Produto Interno Bruto (PIB), empregabilidade e maiores investimentos em educação, cultura, previdência, saúde e saneamento têm um impacto negativo nas taxas de suicídio. Além disso, uma conjuntura econômica favorável em microrregiões vizinhas também contribui para a redução das taxas de suicídio. Esses resultados enfatizam a necessidade de políticas públicas eficazes para reduzir as taxas de suicídio, especialmente na região Sul do Brasil, com atenção especial durante períodos de instabilidade econômica.

Este trabalho consiste na compilação de alguns textos sobre inclusão e atividades práticas de matemática na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva, com o objetivo de analisar a influência positiva dessas atividades como recursos didáticos para estudantes com deficiência. Para isso, realizamos uma análise histórica da inclusão com base em argumentações teóricas e leis. Observamos que o planejamento na elaboração e no desenvolvimento das atividades matemáticas propostas é fundamental para facilitar a aprendizagem dos conteúdos, respeitando as especificidades dos estudantes. Identificamos, por meio da análise dos documentos estudados, a importância dos recursos didáticos nas aulas de matemática e seu impacto positivo no aprendizado dos estudantes pertencentes ao público-alvo da Educação Especial.

Abstract Bone fractures cause acute inflammation that, despite being important for initial repair, may delay the healing of the damaged bone. Parenteral injection of dietary protein has been shown to decrease inflammation and accelerate the repair of skin wounds and other inflammatory pathologies. Thus, our aim was to evaluate whether the intraperitoneal (i.p.) immunization with zein, an abundant protein in rodent chow, would favor bone healing. Wistar rats received i.p. immunization: saline (SG), adjuvant (AG) and zein associated with adjuvant (ZG). Then, a 2 mm of defect bone was performed on the right tibia, and on days 7, 14, 28 and 45 thereafter, analyses were performed. The results showed that the injection of zein reduced inflammation without impairing bone mineralization. Moreover, biomechanical tests demonstrated higher levels of maximum force (N) in ZG, indicating better mechanical resistance in relation to the others. The computerized tomography also indicated lower levels of medullary content in the ZG than in the SG, suggesting the absence of trabeculae in the medullary region in the ZG. These findings suggest that the injection of zein in previously tolerated animals may improve bone repair, leading to mechanically functional bone formation.

Objetivo: identificar fatores preditores de insônia em estudantes de Enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 199 alunos do 1º ao 10º semestre do curso de Enfermagem de uma Universidade Federal, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados no período de junho a setembro de 2019. Aplicou-se o questionário sociodemográfico e de saúde e o Sense of Coherence de Antonovsky. Resultados: as variáveis renda (p=0,016), tempo de lazer (p=0,021), horas suficientes de sono (p=0,005), uso de drogas psiquiátricas (p=0,002), plano de saúde (p=0,006), menor sensação de coerência (p=0,003), depressão moderada-grave (p=0,004) foram significativas. Regressão logística: as variáveis idade (p=0,008) e raça negra (p=0,028) foram significativas. Conclusão: os fatores sociais, individuais, acadêmicos e de saúde influenciam no desfecho da insônia. Descritores: Enfermagem. Estudantes de Enfermagem. Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono. Saúde do Estudante. Qualidade de vida.

Wound healing remains a clinical problem, with cases of atrophic, hypertrophic, or keloid scars. Three-dimensional scaffolds have been used to restore skin function, facilitating cell migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Collagen is the most common, presenting low antigenicity, decreased inflammation, and replacement by autologous tissue. It is used as sheets/films, sponges, membranes, sprays, and hydrogels of various origins. This integrative literature review aimed to evaluate the application of unassociated collagen scaffolds for skin wound healing and compare them to collagen associations with nanomaterials and polymers. Properties such as applications in humans and other unconventional models cause burns, partial and full-thickness wounds, and others. Scaffold, biomaterials, collagen, wound, injury, repair, and healing were among the descriptors. We found 3,098 articles published between 1995 and 2022 (Mendeley platform), including clinical/experimental trials. After exclusion, 26 studies were identified and analyzed. Autologous and heterologous collagens are the most used in the clinic and favor wound closure by improving re-epithelialization and reducing inflammation but may present challenges in aesthetic acceptance and loss of repair function in the wound site. Furthermore, collagen integration with other nanomaterials improved wound repair and experimental models.

A implantação de empresas multinacionais em pontos específicos do território brasileiro intensificou-se na década de 1990 acarretando mudanças nas dinâmicas econômica e social. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar estas alterações no município de Itatiaia (RJ), a partir do levantamento de documentos e dados em órgãos públicos referentes ao período de 1991-2019, e pesquisa de campo. Foram observadas mudanças a partir da instalação de multinacionais no município, após a concessão de isenções fiscais para atraí-las, principalmente na economia e nas contas públicas do município, levando ao comprometimento do desenvolvimento local.

Objective: This study analyzed socioeconomic inequality in self-rated health for older adults (aged fifty or over) in Brazil. Methods: Data from the 2015-2016 Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil). Socioeconomic inequality in self-rated health was measured using the concentration index, which was decomposed to analyze the contribution of different factors. Results: This study revealed that 11.5% of the older adults interviewed reported their health as poor and very poor. For the complete sample, the estimated concentration index, −0.2434, indicated that there is a concentration of poor and very poor self-rated health among older and poorer adults. Income, education and having a private health insurance plan are the factors that contributed most to the observed inequality. Discussion: The decomposition showed that there are avoidable inequalities in relation to socioeconomic status for older adults in Brazil. These factors can guide the formulation of social and health policies aimed at reducing health inequalities.

Os tumores benignos da cavidade nasal incluem um conjunto de lesões de caráter histopatológico heterogêneo. Dentre esses tumores está incluso um subtipo de hamartoma, descrito como Hamartoma Adenomatoide Epitelial Respiratório (HAER) caracterizado por proliferações glandulares anormais derivadas da fossa nasal, nasofaringe e seios paranasais, principalmente do septo posterior, com alto potencial curativo, mas que constitui um diagnóstico desafiador na prática clínica devido a sua raridade. O objetivo foi relatar um caso de HAER, divulgar o conhecimento científico sobre essa tumoração benigna e rara, além de incentivar o diagnóstico diferencial. Paciente masculino, de 49 anos, com sintoma de dor facial intensa de início agudo, de carácter contínuo, com intensidade 9 em 10 (sendo zero ausência de dor, e dez o máximo de dor), com irradiação para gengiva, nariz e orelha externa, agravada pela sensibilidade maior a temperatura mais baixa. Várias medidas diagnósticas e terapêuticas foram realizadas para o alívio da dor, mas sem sucesso. Procurou acompanhamento com diversas especialidades, que através de exames de imagem, foi evidenciado uma lesão tumoral em rinofaringe. Por suspeita de uma neoplasia maligna, foi realizado uma cirurgia para exérese total do tumor. Todavia, a análise anatomopatólogica confirmou o diagnóstico de HAER, uma tumoração benigna e rara. Pela raridade do HAER, com poucos relatos na literatura, é importante haver a divulgação, contribuindo para o conhecimento sobre a doença, possibilitando o diagnóstico diferencial naqueles com dor facial de forte intensidade, associado à presença de tumorações em nasofaringe ou paranasal.

Abstract Axonal damage is an early step in traumatic and neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Damaged axons are not able to regenerate sufficiently in the adult mammalian CNS, leading to permanent neurological deficits. Recently, we showed that inhibition of the autophagic protein ULK1 promotes neuroprotection in different models of neurodegeneration. Moreover, we demonstrated previously that axonal protection improves regeneration of lesioned axons. However, whether axonal protection mediated by ULK1 inhibition could also improve axonal regeneration is unknown. Here, we used an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector to express a dominant-negative form of ULK1 (AAV.ULK1.DN) and investigated its effects on axonal regeneration in the CNS. We show that AAV.ULK1.DN fosters axonal regeneration and enhances neurite outgrowth in vitro. In addition, AAV.ULK1.DN increases neuronal survival and enhances axonal regeneration after optic nerve lesion, and promotes long-term axonal protection after spinal cord injury (SCI) in vivo. Interestingly, AAV.ULK1.DN also increases serotonergic and dopaminergic axon sprouting after SCI. Mechanistically, AAV.ULK1.DN leads to increased ERK1 activation and reduced expression of RhoA and ROCK2. Our findings outline ULK1 as a key regulator of axonal degeneration and regeneration, and define ULK1 as a promising target to promote neuroprotection and regeneration in the CNS.

Objetivo: relatar a experiência da estratificação do grau de risco para doenças cardiovasculares em pacientes hipertensos, cadastrados em uma Estratégia Saúde da Família do município de Montes Claros – Minas Gerais (MG). Materiais e Métodos: trata-se de um relato de experiência, realizado por acadêmicos do 6º período do curso de Enfermagem, no período de outubro a novembro de 2019, realizado em uma Estratégia Saúde da Família no município de Montes Claros – Minas Gerais. O cenário deste estudo contemplou a amostra de 10 pacientes hipertensos cadastrados na microárea 4. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da ficha de acompanhamento de hipertensos (ficha B) e prontuários. Para a estratificação do grau de risco foi utilizado como instrumento o escore de Framingham. Resultados: a realização da estratificação de grau de risco para doenças cardiovasculares permitiu classificar os pacientes em baixo, médio e alto risco. Pode-se observar que a maioria dos pacientes selecionados apresentou baixo risco cardiovascular, classificando-os como ausência de fatores de risco e de lesão de órgãos-alvo. Quanto ao médio risco, pode-se apresentar de um a dois fatores sem lesão de órgãos-alvo, o alto risco nota-se a presença de três fatores de risco e lesão de órgãos-alvo. Conclusão: a experiência nos possibilitou a compressão da importância de estratificar o risco cardiovascular, proporcionando assim um direcionamento nas tomadas de decisões das intervenções em saúde.

Abstract Background Tumor cells have evolved complex strategies to escape immune surveillance, a process which involves NK cells and T lymphocytes, and various immunological factors. Indeed, tumor cells recruit immunosuppressive cells [including regulatory T-cells (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC)] and express factors such as PD-L1. Molecularly targeted therapies, such as imatinib, have off-target effects that may influence immune function. Imatinib has been shown to modulate multiple cell types involved in anti-cancer immune surveillance, with potentially detrimental or favorable outcomes. Imatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have dramatically changed disease course. Our study aimed to characterize the different populations of the immune system in patients with CML affected by their treatment. Methods Forty-one patients with CML [33 treated with TKIs and 8 with TKIs plus interferon (IFN)-α] and 20 controls were enrolled in the present study. Peripheral blood populations of the immune system [referred to as the overview of immune system (OVIS) panel, Treg cells and MDSCs] and PD-1 expression were evaluated by flow cytometry. The immunological profile was assessed using the mRNA Pan-Cancer Immune Profiling Panel and a NanoString nCounter FLEX platform. Results Patients receiving combination therapy (TKIs + IFN-α) had lower numbers of lymphocytes, particularly T cells [838/µL (95% CI 594–1182)] compared with healthy controls [1500/µL (95% CI 1207 – 1865), p = 0.017]. These patients also had a higher percentage of Treg (9.1%) and CD4+PD-1+ cells (1.65%) compared with controls [Treg (6.1%) and CD4+/PD-1+(0.8%); p ≤ 0.05]. Moreover, patients treated with TKIs had more Mo-MDSCs (12.7%) whereas those treated with TKIs + IFN-α had more Gr-MDSC (21.3%) compared to controls [Mo-MDSC (11.4%) and Gr-MDSC (8.48%); p ≤ 0.05]. CD56bright NK cells, a cell subset endowed with immune-regulatory properties, were increased in patients receiving TKIs plus IFN-α compared with those treated with TKIs alone. Interestingly, serum IL-21 was significantly lower in the TKIs plus IFN-α cohort. Within the group of patients treated with TKI monotherapy, we observed that individuals receiving 2nd generation TKIs had lower percentages of CD4+ Treg (3.63%) and Gr-MDSC (4.2%) compared to patients under imatinib treatment (CD4+ Treg 6.18% and Gr-MDSC 8.2%), but higher levels of PD-1-co-expressing CD4+ cells (1.92%). Conclusions Our results suggest that TKIs in combination with IFN-α may promote an enhanced immune suppressive state.

Pain is one of the most frequent health problems, and its evaluation and therapeutic approach largely depend on patient self-report. When it is not possible to obtain a self-report, the therapeutic decision becomes more difficult and limited. This study aims to evaluate whether some membrane platelet proteins could be of value in pain characterization. To achieve this goal, we used 53 blood samples obtained from palliative patients, 44 with non-oncological pain and nine without pain. We observed in patients with pain a decrease in the percentage of platelets expressing CD36, CD49f, and CD61 and in the expression levels of CD49f and CD61 when compared with patients without pain. Besides that, an increase in the percentage of platelets expressing CD62p was observed in patients with pain. These results suggest that the levels of these platelet cluster differentiations (CDs) could have some value as pain biomarkers objectively since they are not dependent on the patient’s participation. Likewise, CD40 seems to have some importance as a biomarker of moderate and/or severe pain. The identification of pain biomarkers such as CD40, CD49f, CD62p and CD61 can lead to an adjustment of the therapeutic strategy, contributing to a faster and more adequate control of pain and reduction in patient-associated suffering.

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) facilitates folding and stability and prevents the degradation of multiple client proteins. One of these HSP90 clients is BCR-ABL, the oncoprotein characteristic of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and the target of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib. Alvespimycin is an HSP90 inhibitor with better pharmacokinetic properties and fewer side effects than other similar drugs, but its role in overcoming imatinib resistance is not yet clarified. This work studied the therapeutic potential of alvespimycin in imatinib-sensitive (K562) and imatinib-resistant (K562-RC and K562-RD) CML cell lines. Metabolic activity was determined by the resazurin assay. Cell death, caspase activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell cycle were evaluated by means of flow cytometry. Cell death was also analyzed by optical microscopy. HSPs expression levels were assessed by western blotting. Alvespimycin reduced metabolic activity in a time-, dose-, and cell line-dependent manner. Resistant cells were more sensitive to alvespimycin with an IC50 of 31 nM for K562-RC and 44 nM for K562-RD, compared to 50 nM for K562. This drug induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. In K562 cells, alvespimycin induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. As a marker of HSP90 inhibition, a significant increase in HSP70 expression was observed. Our results suggest that alvespimycin might be a new therapeutic approach to CML treatment, even in cases of resistance to imatinib.

The hepatocellular carcinoma, a primary malignancy of the liver, has a very poor prognosis and a lower survival rate. Moreover, the inefficacy of conventional therapies emphasizes the importance of discovering new bioactive compounds. Several studies clearly state that plant-derived polyphenols, namely ellagitannins, have several health benefits. Fragaria vesca leaves contain high amounts of polyphenols, being especially rich in ellagitannins. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize an ellagitannin-enriched fraction (EEF) from F. vesca leaves and to unveil the anticancer potential of this fraction on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.The analysis of EEF by HPLC-PDA-ESI/MSn allowed the detection of 12 ellagitannins. The cell viability of both EEF and crude extract was determined after 24 h of cells treatment and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was evaluated. The IC50 of the EEF (113 μg/mL) was about 6 times lower than the IC50 of the crude extract (690 μg/mL). Furthermore, EEF induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M checkpoint and decreased cell proliferation in a dose-dependent way. This fraction also induced an accumulation of LC3-II protein through blockage of autophagic flux, and inhibited chymotrypsin-like activity of 26S proteasome. These results showed, for the first time, that EEF from F. vesca leaves inhibits both, autophagic and ubiquitin-proteasome system pathways, two main intracellular protein degradation systems that are targets for anticancer therapies. Additionally, a proteomic analysis allowed the identification of 914 proteins, among which 133 were modulated after cells treatment with EEF, most of them related to metabolic pathways. Overall, this study shows that the EEF from F. vesca leaves decreased cell proliferation, inhibited the proteolytic mechanisms and modulated the metabolic pathways of the cell. Additionally this study points out F. vesca as a source of valuable molecules with anticancer potential, suggesting that ellagitannins, the polyphenols identified in this fraction, could be useful in the development of new fine-tuned therapeutic strategies against carcinogenesis. Keywords: Cancer, HepG2, Proteolytic pathways, Proteome, Cell proliferation, Cell cycle

Various biotic and abiotic stresses are causing decline in forest health globally. Presently, one of the major biotic stress agents in Europe is the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) which is increasingly causing widespread tree mortality in northern latitudes as a consequence of the warming climate. Remote sensing using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) together with evolving machine learning techniques provide a powerful tool for fast-response monitoring of forest health. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of a deep one-stage object detection neural network in the detection of damage by I. typographus in Norway spruce trees using UAS RGB images. A Scaled-YOLOv4 (You Only Look Once) network was implemented and trained for tree health analysis. Datasets for model training were collected during 2013–2020 from three different areas, using four different RGB cameras, and under varying weather conditions. Different model training options were evaluated, including two different symptom rules, different partitions of the dataset, fine-tuning, and hyperparameter optimization. Our study showed that the network was able to detect and classify spruce trees that had visually separable crown symptoms, but it failed to separate spruce trees with stem symptoms and a green crown from healthy spruce trees. For the best model, the overall F-score was 89%, and the F-scores for the healthy, infested, and dead trees were 90%, 79%, and 98%, respectively. The method adapted well to the diverse dataset, and the processing results with different options were consistent. The results indicated that the proposed method could enable implementation of low-cost tools for management of I. typographus outbreaks.

Abstract Stilbenes are a class of natural compounds with a wide variety of biological effects, such as antitumor activity. The best-known stilbene is resveratrol, whose clinical application is limited due to its low bioavailability. Methoxylated derivatives of this stilbene, including cis-trimethoxystilbene (cis-TMS) and trans-trimethoxystilbene (trans-TMS) have demonstrated more pronounced cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects than resveratrol. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects of cis- and trans-TMS in MCF-7 and its normal counterpart MCF-10A. Both compounds were cytotoxic, genotoxic, and induced G2-M accumulation and cell death in the two cell lines. These results suggested that the genotoxicity of cis- and trans-TMS is involved in the reduction of cellular proliferation of MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells, but notably, such antiproliferative effects are more pronounced for cis- than trans-TMS.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common hematological malignancies at pediatric ages and is characterized by different chromosomal rearrangements and genetic abnormalities involved in the differentiation and proliferation of lymphoid precursor cells. Brusatol is a quassinoid plant extract extensively studied due to its antineoplastic effect through global protein synthesis and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NRF2) signaling inhibition. NRF2 is the main regulator of cellular antioxidant response and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which plays an important role in oxidative stress regulation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of brusatol in in vitro models of ALL. KOPN-8 (B-ALL), CEM (T-ALL), and MOLT-4 (T-ALL) cell lines were incubated with increasing concentrations of brusatol, and the metabolic activity was evaluated using the resazurin assay. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell death, cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψmit), and to measure ROS and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Our results show that brusatol promoted a decrease in metabolic activity in ALL cell lines in a time-, dose-, and cell-line-dependent manner. Brusatol induced a cytostatic effect by cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 in all cell lines; however, cell death mediated by apoptosis was only observed in T-ALL cells. Brusatol leads to an oxidative stress imbalance by the increase in ROS levels, namely, superoxide anion. Redox imbalance and cellular apoptosis induced by brusatol are highly modulated by mitochondria disruption as a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential is detected. These data suggest that brusatol might represent a new therapeutic approach for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, particularly for ALL T-cell lineage.

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as contribuições e ações do “Projeto Mais e Melhor Educação: em casa”, desenvolvido pelo município de Camaçari-Bahia, cujo objetivo é a promoção da educação no período do isolamento social. Ancorado na pesquisa de campo de abordagem qualitativa, embasado nos estudos de Arruda (2020), Sobrinho, Araújo e Neves (2020), Avelino e Mendes (2020), o estudo revelou que apesar do município ter uma boa proposta de ensino remoto durante a pandemia da Covid-19, não o efetivou na íntegra, uma vez que nem todos os estudantes têm os recursos tecnológicos digitais mínimos necessários ou se quer conseguem estar conectados à internet, fundamental para desenvolver as atividades propostas. Além do mais, os docentes não possuem aparatos tecnológicos digitais adequados e nem formação para trabalhar com o ensino remoto, em particular, com as tecnologias digitais, utilizando-os como recursos didáticos pedagógicos.

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of several types of cancer, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), as well as in the resistance to treatment. In this work, we assessed the potential of oxidative stress parameters to predict the response to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in lower-risk MDS patients. To this end, we analyzed the systemic levels of reactive species (peroxides and NO), antioxidant defenses (uric acid, vitamin E, vitamin A, GSH, GSSG, TAS, as well as GPX and GR activities], and oxidative damage (8-OH-dG and MDA) in 66 MDS patients, from those 44 have been treated with ESA. We also calculated the peroxides/TAS and NO/TAS ratios and analyzed the gene expression of levels of the redox regulators, NFE2L2 and KEAP1. We found that patients that respond to ESA treatment showed lower levels of plasma peroxides (p < 0.001), cellular GSH (p < 0.001), and cellular GR activity (p = 0.001) when compared to patients who did not respond to ESA treatment. ESA responders also showed lower levels of peroxides/TAS ratio (p < 0.001) and higher levels of the expression of the NFE2L2 gene (p = 0.001) than those that did not respond to ESA treatment. The levels of plasmatic peroxides shown to be the most accurate biomarker of ESA response, with good sensitivity (80%) and specificity (100%) and is an independent biomarker associated with therapy response. Overall, the present study demonstrated a correlation between oxidative stress levels and the response to ESA treatment in lower-risk MDS patients, with the plasmatic peroxides levels a good predictive biomarker of drug (ESA) response.

A incidência de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) é um problema de saúde pública mundial. Estatísticas apontam que 1/3 dos portadores de HIV/AIDS são jovens de 10 a 24 anos. Sendo estes os disseminadores de conhecimento para as gerações futuras, faz-se necessário investir em programas de educação sexual, visando à prevenção e melhora no quadro mundial de IST. Por meio da ação de extensão “Programa Jovem com Saúde: Universidade e escolas públicas na prevenção de IST”, este trabalho teve como objetivo levar informações a adolescentes do Ensino Médio de uma escola de São João del-Rei sobre as IST, gerar discussões visando estimular o pensamento crítico e a autonomia dos alunos acerca do tema e complementar a ação da escola na promoção de uma educação sexual de qualidade. Foram realizadas palestras e dinâmicas sobre IST, gravidez, métodos contraceptivos e sexo. As dinâmicas basearam-se em afirmativas que os adolescentes julgariam como corretas ou incorretas, prosseguidas por discussão. Os resultados mostraram um conhecimento superficial dos alunos sobre as doenças em questão, o que pode ser resultado do não aprofundamento do tema, associado ao estigma que o envolve. Conclui-se que investir em educação sexual de qualidade é o caminho para a solução deste problema.

Neste texto apresentamos alguns dos resultados das pesquisas realizadas no âmbito do projeto intitulado “Território e produção de alimentos: redes curtas, cooperação e comercialização de alimentos camponeses”, financiado pela Fundação Araucária (Edital n. 17/2016 - Pesquisa Básica e Aplicada), entre os anos de 2016 e 2018. Nosso objetivo geral é analisar os circuitos curtos de produção e comercialização de alimentos para consumo humano dinamizados por agricultores camponeses de Francisco Beltrão (PR), tentando qualificar a opção teórico-metodológica adotada e gerando subsídios sistematizados que possam ser utilizados na construção participativa de projetos de desenvolvimento territorial. Para tal, os procedimentos utilizados estão sendo os seguintes: pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, aplicação dos questionários, realização das entrevistas e análise dos dados secundários do IBGE. Entre os principais resultados conseguidos até o momento, está a compreensão aprofundada da agricultura camponesa praticada em Francisco Beltrão, nesta oportunidade, evidenciando-se os sujeitos das práticas agroecológicas neste município.

Agricultural grasslands are globally important for food production, biodiversity, and greenhouse gas mitigation. Effective strategies to monitor grass sward properties, such as dry matter yield (DMY) and nitrogen concentration, are crucial when aiming to improve the sustainable use of grasslands in the context of food production. UAV-borne spectral imaging and traditional machine learning methods have already shown the potential to estimate DMY and nitrogen concentration for the grass swards. In this study, convolutional neural networks (CNN) were trained using low-cost RGB images, captured from a UAV, and agricultural reference measurements collected in an experimental grass field in Finland. Four different deep regression network architectures and three different optimizers were assessed. The best average results of the cross-validation were achieved by the VGG16 architecture with optimizer Adadelta: r2 of 0.79 for DMY and r2 of 0.73 for nitrogen concentration. The results demonstrate that this is a promising and effective tool for practical applications since the sensor is low-cost and the computational processing is not time-consuming in comparison to more complex sensors.

The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of novel neural network architectures for measuring the quality and quantity parameters of silage grass swards, using drone RGB and hyperspectral images (HSI), and compare the results with the random forest (RF) method and handcrafted features. The parameters included fresh and dry biomass (FY, DMY), the digestibility of organic matter in dry matter (D-value), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), nitrogen concentration (Ncont) and nitrogen uptake (NU); datasets from spring and summer growth were used. Deep pre-trained neural network architectures, the VGG16 and the Vision Transformer (ViT), and simple 2D and 3D convolutional neural networks (CNN) were studied. In most cases, the neural networks outperformed RF. The normalized root-mean-square errors (NRMSE) of the best models were for FY 19% (2104 kg/ha), DMY 21% (512 kg DM/ha), D-value 1.2% (8.6 g/kg DM), iNDF 12% (5.1 g/kg DM), NDF 1.1% (6.2 g/kg DM), WSC 10% (10.5 g/kg DM), Ncont 9% (2 g N/kg DM), and NU 22% (11.9 N kg/ha) using independent test dataset. The RGB data provided good results, particularly for the FY, DMY, WSC and NU. The HSI datasets provided advantages for some parameters. The ViT and VGG provided the best results with the RGB data, whereas the simple 3D-CNN was the most consistent with the HSI data.

Os diferentes grupos que compõem a Escola e a sociedade como um todo trazem consigo marcas multiculturais importantes de serem reconhecidas, valorizadas e respeitadas, tendo como base suas especificidades e a condição humana a qual se enquadram. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho objetiva trazer referenciais no campo da Educação para dialogar com algumas das ideias debatidas por onze integrantes do Projeto de Extensão BioLibras, da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (MG), em uma das nossas reuniões formativas. Nela discutiram-se questões relacionadas ao multiculturalismo, interculturalidade e suas implicações no contexto da Educação/Inclusão dos Surdos. Para tanto, foram analisadas as transcrições da reunião remota a partir da Análise de Prosa Enredada. Discutimos as concepções sobre igualdade e diferença apresentadas e suas implicações no contexto educacional, tendo o foco no acesso da pessoa Surda às informações/conhecimento e no modo como a legislação atual tem influenciado a prática formativa. Verificamos que os termos igualdade, diferença e inclusão possibilitam interpretações diversas, sendo naturalmente polissêmicos. Isso demanda uma efetiva discussão sobre a abrangência deles no âmbito educacional, considerando que o debate relativo ao multiculturalismo ainda é bastante incipiente na formação inicial e continuada dos professores. Dessa forma, concluímos sobre a necessidade de ações formativas que favoreçam a valorização e o acolhimento da diversidade nos diferentes espaços educacionais, permitindo ao outro o direito de ter respeitada a sua condição sócio-linguística-cultural e, acima de tudo, humana.

There is a growing demand for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) fabricated with environmentally-friendly materials to transition toward a more sustainable society based on a circular economy. Battery separator, typically a porous petroleum-polymer, plays a pivotal role as it serves to efficiently transfer ions between electrodes while preventing electrical short-circuits. To reduce our dependence on fossil resources, cellulose and its derivatives are being used as sustainable battery separators thanks to its easily controllable porosity, suitable mechanical and thermal properties, non-toxicity and inherent hydrophilicity. Here we first present the structure, physico-chemical properties and various types of cellulose derivatives, as well as the different manufacturing approaches to obtain porous cellulose membranes. Further, the most recent developments in the field of cellulose and its derivates for lithium ion battery separators and solid polymer electrolytes are discussed. Finally, the main issues and properties to be improved in the near future concerning cellulosic separators are shown.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) development has emerged as a complication that compromises the success of several chemotherapeutic agents. In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), imatinib resistance has been associated with changes in BCR-ABL1 and intracellular drug concentration, controlled by SLC and ABC transporters. We evaluate the therapeutic potential of a P-glycoprotein and BCRP inhibitor, elacridar, in sensitive (K562 and LAMA-84) and imatinib-resistant (K562-RC and K562-RD) CML cell lines as monotherapy and combined with imatinib. Cell viability was analyzed by resazurin assay. Drug transporter activity, cell death, cell proliferation rate, and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. Both resistant models presented an increased activity of BCRP and P-gP compared to K562 cells. Elacridar as monotherapy did not reach IC50 in any CML models but activated apoptosis without cytostatic effect. Nevertheless, the association of elacridar (250 nM) with imatinib overcomes resistance, re-sensitizing K562-RC and K562-RD cells with five and ten times lower imatinib concentrations, respectively. Drug combination induced apoptosis with increased cleaved-caspases-3, cleaved-PARP and DNA damage, reduced cell proliferation rate, and arrested CML cells in the S phase. These data suggest that elacridar combined with imatinib might represent a new therapeutic option for overcoming TKI resistance involving efflux transporters.

A di-urethane cross-linked poly(oxyethylene)/silica hybrid matrix [di-urethanesil, d-Ut(600)], synthesized by the sol-gel process, was doped with lithium triflate (LiCF3SO3) and the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) ionic liquid. The as-produced xerogel film is amorphous, transparent, flexible, homogeneous, hydrophilic, and has low nanoscale surface roughness. It exhibits an ionic conductivity of 3.64 × 10–6 and 5.00 × 10–4 S cm–1 at 21 and 100°C, respectively. This material was successfully tested as electrolyte in an electrochromic device (ECD) with the glass/ITO/a-WO3/d-Ut(600)10LiCF3SO3[Bmim]Cl/c-NiO/ITO/glass configuration, where a-WO3 and c-NiO stand for amorphous tungsten oxide and crystalline nickel oxide, respectively. The device demonstrated attractive electro-optical performance: fast response times (1–2 s for coloring and 50 s for bleaching), good optical memory [loss of transmittance (T) of only 41% after 3 months, at 555 nm], four mode modulation [bright mode (+3.0 V, T = 77% at 555 nm), semi-bright mode (−1.0 V, T = 60% at 555 nm), dark mode (−1.5 V, T = 38 % at 555 nm), and very dark mode (−2.0 V, T = 11% and −2.5 V, T = 7% at 555 nm)], excellent cycling stability denoting improvement with time, and high coloration efficiency [CEin = −6727 cm2 C–1 (32th cycle) and CEout = +2794 cm2 C–1 (480th cycle), at 555 nm].

The use of edible coatings in meat is currently being investigated in several studies. However, consumers’ attitudes toward this technology are not clear. This study evaluated consumers’ intention to purchase vacuum-packaged meat with a chitosan coating based on the label information. Three factors combined with different levels were considered: type of cut (“loin”, “French rack”, or “leg steak”), coating/information (no information, chitosan without information explained, and chitosan with information explained), and price (low or high). Consumers’ purchase intentions were evaluated using a 7-point structured scale (1 = certainly would not buy; 7 = certainly would buy). The data were analyzed by conjoint analysis and cluster analysis. The average purchase intention value was 4.3 ± 0.5. The “French rack” cut showed the highest value for purchase intention and a high price was also a relevant factor. The packaging with the label stating the presence of a “chitosan” coating without giving any further information obtained higher purchase intentions than the one with the more detailed information label. In the cluster analysis, the factor “type of cut” showed the highest relative importance in two groups, while “price” had a higher impact in another. The type of cut was the main factor affecting consumers’ purchase intentions. However, different attitudes were observed depending on the group.

Background: Previous studies suggest that intestinal epithelial stem cells (IESC), critical drivers of homeostasis and regeneration, include two subpopulations: crypt-based columnar and “position +4” stem cells, identified by Lgr5 and Bmi1 biomarkers, respectively. Teduglutide is an enterotrophic counterpart of glucagon-like peptide 2. This study aimed to investigate the response of putative IESC to surgical injury and teduglutide administration on an animal model of intestinal resection and anastomosis. Methods: Wistar rats (n = 59) were distributed into four groups: “Ileal Resection” versus “Laparotomy”, subsequently subdivided into “Postoperative Teduglutide Administration” versus “No Treatment”; and sacrificed at third or seventh days, with ileal sample harvesting. Flow cytometry was used to analyze epithelial stem cells with monoclonal antibodies against Lgr5, Bmi1 and also CD44, CD24, CD166, and Grp78 surface markers. Results: Surgical trauma induced an increase of epithelial stem cells population at third day (9.0 ± 0.3 versus 5.7 ± 0.3%, p = 0.0001), which was more intense and involved all subpopulations after ileal resection. At seventh day, teduglutide was significantly associated with higher proportion of Lgr5+/Bmi1− cells (5.8 ± 0.1 versus 2.9 ± 0.3%, p = 0.005) and, on the contrary, lower percentage of Lgr5−/Bmi1+ cells (0.03 ± 0.01 versus 1.9 ± 0.1%, p = 0.049) after ileal resection; and higher proportion of Lgr5+/Bmi1+ cells (1.7 ± 0.1 versus 1.1 ± 0.2%, p = 0.028) after isolated laparotomy. After surgery, Lgr5+/Bmi1− and Lgr5−/Bmi1+ subpopulations demonstrated an inverse correlation and both correlated negatively with Grp78 labeling index. Lgr5−/Bmi1+ and CD44+/CD24low/CD166+/Grp78+ cells proportions exhibited a high grade positive correlation. Conclusion: Those observations support the existence of two epithelial stem cells subpopulations with distinct behavior after surgical injury and teduglutide treatment.

This article presents research data applied developed within the research group Digital Culture and Education. It aims to investigate conceptual theoretical framework for the creation of a conceptual model that justified the production of prototype hypermedia courseware. The model was embodied in the Theory of Multiple Intelligences (TIM) Howard Gardner with interactive application for TVDI and potential to activate the five minds that will be necessary to the future managers. As a result, two materials were produced: a didactic book and an interactive video lesson to be used in management training through distance learning (ODL). The final results confirmed the assumptions raised, demonstrating that produced interactive applications may enable managers active their multiple intelligences and seek different paths for learning. The validation of the model showed that the interactivity of the material can lead the learner to develop the potential to trigger the most valued minds in the future.

Abstract The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the stilbenes (E)-methyl-4-(3-5-dimethoxystyryl)benzoate (ester), (E)-4-(3-5-dimethoxystyryl)aniline (amino), (Z)-1,3-dimethoxy-5-(4-methoxystyryl)benzene (cis-TMS) and (E)-1,3-dimethoxy-5-(4-methoxystyryl)benzene (trans-TMS) were investigated in this work. Structural modifications of resveratrol, a naturally occurring stilbene, have been previously performed, including the replacement of hydroxyl by different functional groups. Such modifications resulted in significant improvement of target-specific effects on cell death and antiproliferative responses. The parameters were evaluated using XTT assay, clonogenic survival assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in CHO-K1 and HepG2 cell lines. The results showed that cis-TMS is approximately 250-fold more cytotoxic than the amino and ester, and 128-fold more cytotoxic than trans-TMS. When genotoxicity was evaluated, only the trans-TMS did not significantly increase the frequency of micronucleus (MN). While the cis-TMS induced a mean of 5.2 and 5.9 MN/100 cells at 0.5 μM in CHO-K1 and HepG2, respectively, the amino and ester induced 3.1 and 3.6 MN/100 cells at 10 μM in CHO-K1, respectively, and 3.5 and 3.8 in HepG2. Trans-TMS is genotoxic only in HepG2 cells. Based on these results, the cis-TMS was the most cytotoxic and genotoxic compound in both cell lines.

The purpose of this essay is to reflect on a constitution of an intercultural practice mediated by language in foreign language teaching in Basic Education. The reflection is centered on the concepts of identity and otherness in language teaching, considering the relevant role of this debate during the initial formation process of teachers. From Catherine Walsh (2011, 2009) intercultural concept and the view of equality and difference by Vera Candau (2012), it is proposed to rethink the role of the “foreign language teacher”, and the teacher himself, with perspectives of promoting dialogic relations between languages / cultures and between teachers and students.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo mostrar que a análise e solução de problemas utilizando as Ferramentas da Qualidade em um setor de usinagem em uma empresa do ramo metalúrgico lotada no Pólo Industrial de Manaus, é eficaz, de forma a manter ou melhorar a qualidade dos produtos entregues, e, por conseguinte, manter ou aumentar o nível de satisfação de seus clientes. O esclarecimento e a redução das reais causas dos problemas são uma atenção permanente e um importante mecanismo de manutenção do foco no cliente, garantido através do uso das Ferramentas da Qualidade. Nesse estudo de caso, as ferramentas são utilizadas para investigação das causas raízes em todas as etapas de domínio da organização e o tratamento das não-conformidades através de ação corretiva e ação preventiva, indicando claramente a importância e a eficácia dos resultados através do seu uso sistematizado.

Com o aumento da frota de veículos pesados e o conhecimento de que os pneus são um dos componentes que mais sofrem de desgaste natural, inerentes ao uso da rotina de trabalho, a manutenção ou substituição de peças e componentes da região alocada ao pneu ocorre com bastante frequência e requer grande esforço físico. O presente artigo centra-se em demonstrar a aplicação do projeto mecânico de um dispositivo que auxilia na remoção das rodas de veículos desta categoria, bem como apresentar o equacionamento dos diversos esforços aos quais estão submetidos, utilizando softwares específicos como AutoCAD, Inventores HSM e outros. O projeto, elaborado através destes softwares de projeção em 3D, facilita na construção e discriminação dos materiais necessários para a elaboração do protótipo, com embasamento nos cálculos de reações nos apoios, momento e forças cortantes máximas, determinação do limite de escoamento no tubo, determinação do tipo de rolamento pelo esforço aplicado.

The application of innovative three-dimensional (3D) spheroids cell culture strategy to Parasitology offers the opportunity to closely explore host–parasite interactions. Here we present a first report on the application of 3D hepatic spheroids to unravel the immune response of canine hepatocytes exposed to Leishmania infantum. The liver, usually considered a major metabolic organ, also performs several important immunological functions and constitutes a target organ for L. infantum infection, the etiological agent of canine leishmaniasis (CanL), and a parasitic disease of major veterinary and public health concern. 3D hepatic spheroids were able to sense and immunologically react to L. infantum parasites, generating an innate immune response by increasing nitric oxide (NO) production and enhancing toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and interleukin-10 gene expression. The immune response orchestrated by canine hepatocytes also lead to the impairment of several cytochrome P450 (CYP450) with possible implications for liver natural xenobiotic metabolization capacity. The application of meglumine antimoniate (MgA) increased the inflammatory response of 3D hepatic spheroids by inducing the expression of Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD) -like receptors 1 and NOD2 and TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 and enhancing gene expression of tumour necrosis factor α. It is therefore suggested that hepatocytes are key effector cells and can activate and orchestrate the immune response to L. infantum parasites.

Juan José Saer projeta uma nova perspectiva narrativa a partir da publicação de Cicatrices (1969), em que o essencial é o trabalho meticuloso com a estrutura do romance. Esse debate se consolida no distanciamento da perspectiva, na propagação de uma relação mais objetiva com o mundo. Em Cicatrices pensa-se em prioridade as estruturas do tempo: as personagens debatem-se contra a sucessão temporal e, dessa forma, lançam-se à margem da própria vivência. O tempo atordoa os sentidos impossibilitando que a personagem tenha uma experiência completa o caminho de saída se torna uma relação diferenciada com o mundo. O romance apresenta, assim, quatro vozes que de maneira distinta rivalizam com a diacronia do tempo: o primeiro narrador lança mão da representação, o segundo do jogo, o terceiro da tradução e o último discute a liberdade do homem ou a possibilidade de vencer o destino. Essas ações das personagens são gesticuladas mediante um confronto direto com o tempo e, dessa forma, acentua o seu lugar de eversor da própria experiência. Palavras-chave: Tempo. Experiência. Perspectiva. Jogo. Representação.

Frente às alterações ambientais e patologias causadas por essas, (Co) Relacionando meio ambiente e saúde no Campo das Vertentes é um Projeto de Extensão que faz parte do Programa Casa Verde da Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei. Com discussões em grupo, cartazes, amostra de materiais reutilizáveis e lâminas com e sem alterações patológicas ocasionadas pela contaminação ambiental, obtiveram-se resultados significativos, como o estímulo à participação, a compreensão da temática e o desenvolvimento de uma visão crítica aos participantes sobre os cuidados com a saúde e o ambiente; e ainda, maior conhecimento e experiência à equipe, auxiliando na formação acadêmica dos discentes envolvidos. Espera-se que estudos, Projetos e desenvolvimento de técnicas e métodos sejam cada vez mais desenvolvidos por profissionais e acadêmicos atuantes nessa área, visando o despertar do interesse de toda a população em relação ao tema, já que se faz de suma importância em nosso dia-a-dia.

Despite increasing research in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), there are few studies showing the impact of the poor glycemic control on biological processes occurring in T2D. In order to identify potential genes related to poorly/well-controlled patients with T2D, our strategy of investigation included a primary screen by microarray (Human Genome U133) in a small group of individuals followed by an independent validation in a greater group using RT-qPCR. Ninety patients were divided as follows: poorly controlled T2D (G1), well-controlled T2D (G2), and normoglycemic individuals (G3). After using affy package in R, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were prospected as candidate genes potentially relevant for the glycemic control in T2D patients. After validation by RT-qPCR, the obtained DEGs were as follows—G1 + G2 versus G3: HLA-DQA1, SOS1, and BRCA2; G2 versus G1: ENO2, VAMP2, CCND3, CEBPD, LGALS12, AGBL5, MAP2K5, and PPAP2B; G2 versus G3: HLA-DQB1, MCM4, and SEC13; and G1 versus G3: PPIC. This demonstrated a systemic exacerbation of the gene expression related to immune response in T2D patients. Moreover, genes related to lipid metabolisms and DNA replication/repair were influenced by the glycemic control. In conclusion, this study pointed out candidate genes potentially associated with adequate glycemic control in T2D patients, contributing to the knowledge of how the glycemic control could systemically influence gene expression.

A high percentage of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) patients are also affected by dyslipidemia and chronic periodontitis (CP), but no studies have determined the gene expression in patients that are simultaneously affected by all three diseases. We investigated the systemic expression of immune-related genes in T2D, dyslipidemia, and CP patients. One hundred and fifty patients were separated into five groups containing 30 individuals each: (G1) poorly controlled T2D with dyslipidemia and CP; (G2) well-controlled T2D with dyslipidemia and CP; (G3) normoglycemic individuals with dyslipidemia and CP; (G4) healthy individuals with CP; (G5) systemic and periodontally healthy individuals. Blood analyses of lipid and glycemic profiles were carried out. The expression of genes, including IL10, JAK1, STAT3, SOCS3, IP10, ICAM1, IFNA, IFNG, STAT1, and IRF1, was investigated by RT-qPCR. Patients with dyslipidemia demonstrated statistically higher expression of the IL10 and IFNA genes, while IFNG, IP10, IRF1, JAK1, and STAT3 were lower in comparison with nondyslipidemic patients. Anti-inflammatory genes, such as IL10, positively correlated with parameters of glucose, lipid, and periodontal profiles, while proinflammatory genes, such as IFNG, were negatively correlated with these parameters. We conclude that dyslipidemia appears to be the primary disease that is associated with gene expression of immune-related genes, while parameters of T2D and CP were correlated with the expression of these important immune genes.

O objetivo neste artigo é analisar de que forma trabalhadores de uma empresa utilizaram o humor para manifestar-se contra demissões e terceirizações ocorridas nos anos 2000. Enquanto ela pregava a implantação de uma nova maneira de ser da empresa, que seria mais moderna, transparente e participativa, os trabalhadores produziram dois vídeos, postados no YouTube, para contar outra história, ridicularizar o discurso oficial e protestar. Ao combinar a utilização do humor com a Internet, os trabalhadores demonstraram sua capacidade de atualizar-se e encontrar novas formas de manifestar-se diante das situações vividas por eles, o que parece ter ampliado seu poder na luta simbólica. Embora as demissões e terceirizações não tenham sido revertidas, a "nova" gestão foi substituída pelos acionistas após dois anos de mandato. Os vídeos foram analisados a partir da técnica de análise de discurso de base francesa, que considera textos orais e escritos como discursos, e com o suporte da semiótica para a análise das imagens que acompanham a letra. A análise indica que os trabalhadores denunciam o rompimento do contrato psicológico estabelecido pela empresa, que se baseava na estabilidade do emprego. Os autores dos vídeos associam a empresa a uma figura feminina, ora mãe, ora amante, e o trabalho nela como algo que estava predestinado em sua vida. Eles demonstram o sentimento de abandono e traição, condizente com esse tipo de situação.

In this study, we analysed the frequency of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) and evaluated mutagen-induced sensitivity in the lymphocytes of patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). In total, 49 patients with chronic viral hepatitis (28 HBV-infected and 21 HCV-infected patients) and 33 healthy, non-infected blood donor controls were investigated. The frequencies (‰) of MN, NPBs and NBUDs in the controls were 4.41 ± 2.15, 1.15 ± 0.97 and 2.98 ± 1.31, respectively. The frequencies of MN and NPBs were significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in the patient group (7.01 ± 3.23 and 2.76 ± 2.08, respectively) compared with the control group. When considered separately, the HBV-infected patients (7.18 ± 3.57) and HCV-infected patients (3.27 ± 2.40) each had greater numbers of MN than did the controls (p < 0.0001). The HCV-infected patients displayed high numbers of NPBs (2.09 ± 1.33) and NBUDs (4.38 ± 3.28), but only the HBV-infected patients exhibited a significant difference (NPBs = 3.27 ± 2.40, p < 0.0001 and NBUDs = 4.71 ± 2.79, p = 0.03) in comparison with the controls. Similar results were obtained for males, but not for females, when all patients or the HBV-infected group was compared with the controls. The lymphocytes of the infected patients did not exhibit sensitivity to mutagen in comparison with the lymphocytes of the controls (p = 0.06). These results showed that the lymphocytes of patients who were chronically infected with HBV or HCV presented greater chromosomal instability.