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Simple Summary: Duck hepatitis B virus was originally found in newly hatched Pekin ducks in the United States in 1980, which was followed by global spread and expansion to geese; thus, the virus may cause more financial damage to the poultry industry worldwide. In this study, an assay combining multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) was developed for the efficient and rapid detection of DHBV. Followed by optimization testing of the reaction temperature and duration, the complete procedure for the newly developed MIRA assay for DHBV detection could be carried out by only using a water bath and only required 15 min. The newly developed MIRA assay was only confirmed to work with DHBV, had a 10 times higher sensitivity than the routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, and displayed better practicability for clinical samples. In line with these results, it was determined that the novel MIRA assay combined with LFD developed in this study would be a good alternative approach for DHBV detection in field clinics. Duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) is widely prevalent in global ducks and has been identified in Chinese geese with a high prevalence; the available detection techniques are time-consuming and require sophisticated equipment. In this study, an assay combining multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) was developed for the efficient and rapid detection of DHBV. The primary reaction condition of the MIRA assay for DHBV detection was 10 min at 38 °C without a temperature cycler. Combined with the LFD assay, the complete procedure of the newly developed MIRA assay for DHBV detection required only 15 min, which is about one-fourth of the reaction time for routine polymerase chain reaction assay. And electrophoresis and gel imaging equipment were not required for detection and to read the results. Furthermore, the detection limit of MIRA was 45.6 copies per reaction, which is approximately 10 times lower than that of a routine polymerase chain reaction assay. The primer set and probe had much simpler designs than loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and they were only specific to DHBV, with no cross-reactivity with duck hepatitis A virus subtype 1 and duck hepatitis A virus subtype 3, goose parvovirus, duck enteritis virus, duck circovirus, or Riemerella anatipestifer. In this study, we offer a simple, fast, and accurate assay method to identify DHBV in clinical serum samples of ducks and geese, which would be suitable for widespread application in field clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the measurement of first-order event plane-correlated directed flow (v 1) and triangular flow ( v 3 ) for identified hadrons ( π ± , K ± , and p), net particle (net-K, net-p), and light nuclei (d and t) in Au + Au collisions at s NN = 3.2, 3.5, and 3.9 GeV in the fixed-target mode from the second phase of the beam energy scan (BES-II) program at RHIC-STAR. The v 1 slopes at mid-rapidity for identified hadrons and net particles except π + are found to be positive, implying the effect of dominant repulsive baryonic interactions. The slope of v 1 for net-kaon undergoes a sign change from negative to positive at a lower collision energy compared to net-proton. An approximate atomic mass number scaling is observed in the measured v 1 slopes of light nuclei at mid-rapidity, which favors the nucleon coalescence mechanism for the production of light nuclei. The v 3 slope for all particles decreases in magnitude with increasing collision energy, suggesting a notable integrated impact of the mean-field, baryon stopping, and collision geometry at lower collision energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective integration of resilience in transportation planning requires the identification and prioritization of multifaceted resilience factors. In this study, an extensive review of the academic literature and state planning documents was conducted to identify measurable technical, socioeconomic, and environmental resilience factors for wind- and water-related hazards. Transportation experts across the state of Florida were then surveyed to gain insight into the significance, relevance, and comparability of the identified factors. By statistically analyzing the survey responses, the resilience factors were prioritized to allow transportation agencies to optimize their resource allocation toward critical resilience aspects and effectively improve resilience within their limited budgets. Overall, the age of infrastructure, emergency response, and network exposure were identified as the top technical, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, respectively. This study also presents five key recommendations, informed by insights from a workshop involving transportation practitioners throughout Florida, to overcome current barriers to incorporating resilience in transportation planning. These recommendations cover the topics of proper communication, funding availability and public engagement, plans alignment, data collection processes, and the development of comprehensive resilience assessment frameworks. This study contributes to the body of knowledge and state of practice by providing valuable insights and actionable strategies to facilitate the practical integration of resilience considerations in transportation planning, ultimately assisting in the overall resilience enhancement of transportation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of 5G-based communication for pilot protection in a distribution network with distributed generators is becoming increasingly widespread, but the existence of a 5G communication transmission data delay adversely affects the rapidity and reliability of the pilot protection based on the principle of the traditional dynamic time warping distance (DTW) algorithm. Therefore, to address this problem, and according to the difference in fault currents between distributed generators and synchronous machines, a new scheme of pilot protection based on the principle of an improved DTW is proposed. The scheme firstly performs cosine transform on the fault current sequence, and then it normalizes the DTW value. Finally, the proposed scheme is verified via simulation. The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional DTW, the proposed algorithm has better anti-delay characteristics and a stronger anti-interference ability, and the scheme can quickly and reliably identify in-zone and out-of-area faults with strong noise resistance. Further, the action times for a single-phase ground fault, two-phase ground fault, two-phase-to-phase fault, and three-phase short-circuit fault were reduced by 2.9 ms, 4.54 ms, 5.81 ms, and 5.89 ms, respectively. In addition, it is also sui for a distribution network with a high wind and photovoltaic penetration rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract To improve the anti‐interference ability and response speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor control system and the problem of excessive chattering when the speed loop of the system is controlled by fast second‐order Super‐Twisting sliding mode control, an improved second‐order Super‐Twisting sliding mode controller is designed to replace the previous speed loop controller. The current loop uses model prediction to control current, which can effectively suppress chattering and improve the robustness of the whole system. The simulation results show that the response time of the system using this algorithm is not only 0.141 s faster than that of the traditional proportional integral control but also the overshoot is reduced by 10%. Then, under different working conditions, the strategy in this paper is compared with the traditional control method, and good characteristics are obtained. Finally, the whole system is used for experimental analysis. The experimental results show that this strategy has good rapidity and robustness.

Abstract Current research on pilot-operated relief valve stability is primarily conducted from the perspective of system dynamics or stability criteria, and most of the existing conclusions focus on the spool shape, damping hole size, and pulsation frequency of the pump. However, the essential factors pertaining to the unstable vibration of relief valves remain ambiguous. In this study, the dynamic behavior of a pilot-operated relief valve is investigated using the frequency-domain method. The result suggests that the dynamic pressure feedback orifice is vital to the dynamic characteristics of the valve. A large orifice has a low flow resistance. In this case, the fluid in the main spring chamber flows freely, which is not conducive to the stability of the relief valve. However, a small orifice may create significant flow resistance, thus restricting fluid flow. In this case, the oil inside the main valve spring chamber is equivalent to a high-stiffness liquid spring. The main mass–spring vibration system has a natural frequency that differs significantly from the operating frequency of the relief valve, which is conducive to the stability of the relief valve. Good agreement is obtained between the theoretical analysis and experiments. The results indicate that designing a dynamic pressure feedback orifice of an appropriate size is beneficial to improving the stability of hydraulic pilot-operated relief valves. In addition, the dynamic pressure feedback orifice reduces the response speed of the relief valve. This study comprehensively considers the stability, rapidity, and immunity of relief valves and expands current investigations into the dynamic characteristics of relief valves from the perspective of classical control theory, thus revealing the importance of different parameters.

ABSTRACT: Chicken chaphamaparvovirus (CkChpV) is a newly emerging pathogen that is currently prevalent in chickens with diarrhea symptoms. To diagnose CkChpV more conveniently and rapidly, this study established a multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) assay, with a reaction time of only 15 min and optimal reaction temperature of 38°C. In combination with the lateral flow dipstick assay, the CkChpV-MIRA assay can be completed within 20 min. We revealed that the detection limit of the MIRA assay using standard plasmids as templates was as low as 21.3 copies, and its sensitivity was 100 times higher than that of nested PCR. Moreover, the designed primer set and probe could only detect CkChpV specifically, and there was no cross reaction with avian nephritis virus, rotavirus, chicken parvovirus virus, Newcastle disease virus, and infectious bronchitis virus, which may cause diarrhea. These findings demonstrated that the CkChpV-MIRA assay established in this study is convenient, sensitive, and specific and does not require sophisticated equipment. It is more suitable for the detection of CkChpV in clinical samples.

In Republic of Korea, pronounced seasonal precipitation variability poses substantial challenges for stream water quality management and the effective utilization of water resources. Ecologically degraded streams are particularly vulnerable to these fluctuations, which can exacerbate their already fragile condition. We assessed the resilience of reference and impaired streams in response to rainfall through water quality system performance (WQSP). The WQSP is quantified as the concentration of BOD, T-N, and T-P, which represent streams' eutrophication and anaerobic conditions and respond quickly to disturbances. Reference and impaired streams are classified according to the biological condition and habitat environment of the streams in the Han River watershed of Republic of Korea. The resilience of the stream ecosystem was estimated using WQSP, the linear multiple regression model, and the generalized additive model for rainfall and WQSP. The WQSP reference streams have a lower sensitivity to disturbance and recover more quickly from the influence of rainfall; therefore, they have higher resilience than impaired streams to rainfall events. This study facilitates understanding changes in stream ecosystems of varying conditions in response to rainfall for ensuring long-term stability and adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyramidal neurons and interneurons play critical roles in regulating the neuronal activities in the mammalian cortex, where they exhibit different firing patterns. Pyramidal neurons mainly exhibit regular-spiking firing patterns, while interneurons have fast-spiking firing patterns. Cortical neurons have distinct action potential onset dynamics, in which the evoked action potential is rapid and highly variable. However, it is still unclear how cortical regular-spiking and fast-spiking neurons discriminate between different types of stimuli by changing their action potential onset parameters. Thus, we used intracellular recordings of regular-spiking and fast-spiking neurons, taken from layer 2/3 in the somatosensory cortex of adult mice, to investigate changes in the action potential waveform in response to two distinct stimulation protocols: the conventional step-and-hold and frozen noise. The results show that the frozen noise stimulation paradigm evoked more rapid action potential with lower threshold potential in both neuron types. Nevertheless, the difference in the action potential rapidity in response to different stimuli was significant in regular-spiking pyramidal neurons while insignificant in fast-spiking interneurons. Furthermore, the threshold variation was significantly higher for regular-spiking neurons than for fast-spiking neurons. Our findings demonstrate that different types of cortical neurons exhibit various onset dynamics of the action potentials, implying that different mechanisms govern the initiation of action potentials across cortical neuron subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Rapidity of symptom resolution informs treatment choice in patients with moderate-severe ulcerative colitis (UC). We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing early symptomatic remission with approved therapies. METHODS: Through a systematic literature review to December 31, 2022, we identified randomized trials in adult outpatients with moderate-severe UC treated with approved therapies (tumor necrosis factor a antagonists, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, janus kinase inhibitors, or ozanimod), compared with each other or placebo, reporting rates of symptomatic remission (based on partial Mayo score, with resolution of rectal bleeding and near-normalization of stool frequency) at weeks 2, 4, and/or 6. We performed random-effects network meta-analysis using a frequentist approach and estimated relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval values. RESULTS: On network meta-analysis, upadacitinib was more effective than all agents in achieving symptomatic remission at weeks 2 (range of RR, 2.85-6.27), 4 (range of RR, 1.78-2.37), and 6 (range of RR, 1.84-2.79). Tumor necrosis factoraantagonists and filgotinib, but not ustekinumab and vedolizumab, were more effective than ozanimod in achieving symptomatic remission at week 2, but not at weeks 4 and 6. With approximately 10% placebo-treated patients achieving symptomatic remission at 2 weeks, we estimated 68%, 22%, 23.7%, 23.9%, 22.2%, 18.4%, 15.7%, and 10.9% of upadacitinib-, filgotinib-, infliximab-, adalimumab-, golimumab-, ustekinumab-, vedolizumab-, and ozanimod-treated patients would achieve early symptomatic remission, ustekinumab and vedolizumab achieving rapid remission only in biologic-na?ıve patients. DISCUSSION: In a systematic review and network meta-analysis, upadacitinib was most effective in achieving early symptomatic remission, whereas ozanimod was relatively slower acting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the anti‐interference ability and response speed of the permanent magnet synchronous motor control system and the problem of excessive chattering when the speed loop of the system is controlled by fast second‐order Super‐Twisting sliding mode control, an improved second‐order Super‐Twisting sliding mode controller is designed to replace the previous speed loop controller. The current loop uses model prediction to control current, which can effectively suppress chattering and improve the robustness of the whole system. The simulation results show that the response time of the system using this algorithm is not only 0.141 s faster than that of the traditional proportional integral control but also the overshoot is reduced by 10%. Then, under different working conditions, the strategy in this paper is compared with the traditional control method, and good characteristics are obtained. Finally, the whole system is used for experimental analysis. The experimental results show that this strategy has good rapidity and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) is widely prevalent in global ducks and has been identified in Chinese geese with a high prevalence; the available detection techniques are time-consuming and require sophisticated equipment. In this study, an assay combining multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) was developed for the efficient and rapid detection of DHBV. The primary reaction condition of the MIRA assay for DHBV detection was 10 min at 38 °C without a temperature cycler. Combined with the LFD assay, the complete procedure of the newly developed MIRA assay for DHBV detection required only 15 min, which is about one-fourth of the reaction time for routine polymerase chain reaction assay. And electrophoresis and gel imaging equipment were not required for detection and to read the results. Furthermore, the detection limit of MIRA was 45.6 copies per reaction, which is approximately 10 times lower than that of a routine polymerase chain reaction assay. The primer set and probe had much simpler designs than loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and they were only specific to DHBV, with no cross-reactivity with duck hepatitis A virus subtype 1 and duck hepatitis A virus subtype 3, goose parvovirus, duck enteritis virus, duck circovirus, or Riemerella anatipestifer. In this study, we offer a simple, fast, and accurate assay method to identify DHBV in clinical serum samples of ducks and geese, which would be suitable for widespread application in field clinics.

We report the measurement of first-order event plane-correlated directed flow (v1) and triangular flow (v3) for identified hadrons (π±, K±, and p), net particle (net-K, net-p), and light nuclei (d and t) in Au + Au collisions at sNN = 3.2, 3.5, and 3.9 GeV in the fixed-target mode from the second phase of the beam energy scan (BES-II) program at RHIC-STAR. The v1 slopes at mid-rapidity for identified hadrons and net particles except π+ are found to be positive, implying the effect of dominant repulsive baryonic interactions. The slope of v1 for net-kaon undergoes a sign change from negative to positive at a lower collision energy compared to net-proton. An approximate atomic mass number scaling is observed in the measured v1 slopes of light nuclei at mid-rapidity, which favors the nucleon coalescence mechanism for the production of light nuclei. The v3 slope for all particles decreases in magnitude with increasing collision energy, suggesting a notable integrated impact of the mean-field, baryon stopping, and collision geometry at lower collision energies.

Current research on pilot-operated relief valve stability is primarily conducted from the perspective of system dynamics or stability criteria, and most of the existing conclusions focus on the spool shape, damping hole size, and pulsation frequency of the pump. However, the essential factors pertaining to the unstable vibration of relief valves remain ambiguous. In this study, the dynamic behavior of a pilot-operated relief valve is investigated using the frequency-domain method. The result suggests that the dynamic pressure feedback orifice is vital to the dynamic characteristics of the valve. A large orifice has a low flow resistance. In this case, the fluid in the main spring chamber flows freely, which is not conducive to the stability of the relief valve. However, a small orifice may create significant flow resistance, thus restricting fluid flow. In this case, the oil inside the main valve spring chamber is equivalent to a high-stiffness liquid spring. The main mass–spring vibration system has a natural frequency that differs significantly from the operating frequency of the relief valve, which is conducive to the stability of the relief valve. Good agreement is obtained between the theoretical analysis and experiments. The results indicate that designing a dynamic pressure feedback orifice of an appropriate size is beneficial to improving the stability of hydraulic pilot-operated relief valves. In addition, the dynamic pressure feedback orifice reduces the response speed of the relief valve. This study comprehensively considers the stability, rapidity, and immunity of relief valves and expands current investigations into the dynamic characteristics of relief valves from the perspective of classical control theory, thus revealing the importance of different parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-quality velocity signal plays an important role in fast and precise motion systems, but most commercially available motion systems are not commonly equipped with velocity sensors; hence, full access to the system states is impossible. A fast transient tracking differentiator is proposed in this article for obtaining the noise-less time derivative from a noisy measurement. The fast transient tracking differentiator is conceived within the framework of tracking differentiator methodology and is accomplished by integrating a power-like function with a smooth hyperbolic sine function. Tracking differentiator theory and Lyapunov direct method are employed to show the global asymptotic convergence. Advantages of the proposed fast transient tracking differentiator include the easy implementation with intuitive structure and high computational efficiency and faster transient and higher noise attenuation for both small and large initial estimation errors. The proposed fast transient tracking differentiator can be applied to a large class of motion systems by cascading to a robust output feedback proportional–derivative control for fast and high-precision positioning with position measurement only. Numerical simulation and real-time experimental comparisons demonstrate that the proposed approach provides an easygoing model-free output feedback solution for fast and accurate velocity reconstruction and high-performance positioning of uncertain motion systems with position measurement only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The frequency and severity of climate change are projected to increase, leading to more disasters, increased built environment system (BES) vulnerability, and decreased coping capacity. Achieving resilience objectives in the built environment is challenging and requires the collaboration of all relevant sectors and professionals. In this study, various stakeholders were engaged, including governmental authorities, regulatory bodies, engineering firms, professionals, contractors, and non-governmental and non-profit organizations (NGOs and NPOs, respectively). The engagement was carried out through the answering of a questionnaire survey that reflects their perceptions about climate change adaptation, the built environment resilience qualities (RQs), and the degree of resilience of the existing built environment and their perceived capacities. The results were analyzed using several statistical tests. The results revealed that advancing public understanding and management tools, reducing economic losses, and developing necessary plans still require improvement. Additionally, the BESs were ranked concerning accepting the change and uncertainty inherited from the past or generated over time. This study emphasized the perception that the decision-making domain is crucial for delivering a reflective built environment. Additionally, features such as advancing public understanding and management tools, reducing economic losses, and developing necessary plans still require improvement. Furthermore, there is a belief in the importance of the task forces within the community as part of an emergency response plan, and a less reflective system would have less recovery speed. Therefore, the rapidity characteristic of a built environmental system to accept the change and uncertainty inherited from the past or generated over time is correlated to the system's reflectivity quality. This study emphasizes the significant correlation between the different RQ traits. It also encourages researchers to formulate more objective methods to reach a set form for measuring RQs as an engineering standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Onset of effect of advanced therapies is an important parameter due to symptom load and risk of disease complications in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC), but comparative data are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to assess the comparative onset of efficacy of biological therapies and small molecules for this patient population. Methods: In this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to 24 August 2022, for randomised controlled trials or open-label studies assessing the efficacy of biologics or small molecule drugs within the first six weeks of treatment in adults with UC. The co-primary outcomes were the induction of clinical response and clinical remission at week 2. Network meta-analyses was conducted under the Bayesian framework. This study is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42021250236. Findings: The systematic literature search identified 20,406 citations, of which 25 studies comprising 11,074 patients fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Upadacitinib ranked highest for induction of clinical response and clinical remission at week 2 and was significantly superior to all agents but tofacitinib, which ranked second highest. Although the rankings remained consistent, no differences between upadacitinib and biological therapies were demonstrated in the sensitivity analyses of partial Mayo clinic score response or resolution of rectal bleeding at week 2. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) inhibitors were significantly superior to vedolizumab and ustekinumab for patient-reported outcome-2 (PRO-2) remission at week 2 in bio-naïve patients. Filgotinib 100 mg, ustekinumab, and ozanimod ranked lowest across all endpoints. Interpretation: In this network meta-analysis, we found upadacitinib to be significantly superior to all agents but tofacitinib for the induction of clinical response and clinical remission two weeks after treatment initiation. In contrast, ustekinumab and ozanimod ranked lowest. Our findings help to establish the evidence regarding the onset of efficacy of advanced therapies. Funding: None.

Droplet manipulation has gradually drawn worldwide attention through diverse potential applications such as microfluidics, and medical diagnostic test. Whereas, the high‐precision liquid manipulation on an open surface that is under control at will is still a huge challenge, especially in 3D. Herein, the novel magnetic micropillars array (MMA) is developed for multi‐dimensional droplet manipulation, depending on huge symmetric bending deformation under the low magnetic field. In situ observation demonstrated the droplet's behavior and the driving force acted on the droplet is derived from these micropillar's deformation. Two modes, that are, propelling mode and rolling mode are found in horizontal transport that determined by the relative position of crest and droplets and can be transported with excellent accuracy and rapidity. The recombination of the contact liquid between droplets and micropillars occurs in swinging to dynamically adjust the length of the three‐phase contact line, which is the main reason for capture‐release behavior. Theoretical models of multi‐dimensional droplet manipulation are systematically established to demonstrate the underlying mechanism. Finally, several MMA‐based operating platforms are built to validate its feasibility in accurate 3D droplet manipulation and exhibit great potential in chemical micro‐reactions, bioassays, and the medical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An improved robust predictive control method is proposed for a class of multicellular descriptive LPV systems with bounded state disturbances, and an output feedback controller is designed to ensure the asymptotic stability of the systems. To offset the bounded state disturbance, the controller considered the undisturbed LPV system, and based on the off-line state observer, the LMI is used to solve the minimum-maximum optimization problem in the infinite time domain of predictive control. Then the off-line state observer is used to obtain the difference between the estimated values of the disturbed LPV system and the undisturbed LPV system, and the feedback gain of the guaranteed performance is determined, so as to obtain the optimal offset that makes the disturbed LPV system asymptotically stable, which is combined with the undisturbed system control law as the optimal control law and applied to the actual system. The experimental results show that the improved robust predictive control method can obtain better control performance, and improve the stability of the system and the efficiency of solving optimization problems. Simulation experiments also verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To accurately obtain development dynamic data such as zonal pressure and fluid parameters of each oil layer in the late development stage of a high water-cut old oilfield, a modular zonal sampling and testing technology with the characteristics of modularization, full electronic control and rapidity was proposed and developed. Lab testing and on-site testing was carried out. The modular zonal sampling and testing system is composed of 10 functional modules, namely ground control system, downhole power supply module, drainage pump, electronically controlled anchor, electronically controlled packer, electronically controlled sampler, magnetic positioning sub, terminal sub, adapter cable, and quick connector. Indoor tests have confirmed that the performance parameters of each module meet the design requirements. The downhole function modules of the system can withstand pressures up to 35 MPa and temperatures up to 85 °C. The rubber cylinder of the electronically controlled packer can withstand a pressure difference of more than 10 MPa. The electronically controlled anchor has an anchoring force of greater than 6.9 t, and can be forcibly detached in the event of an accident. The discharge pump has a displacement of 0.8 m3/d and a head of 500 m. The electronically controlled sampler can meet the requirement of taking 500 mL of sample in each of the 3 chambers. Field tests in Jilin Oilfield show that the system can realize rapid isolation and self-check of isolation of a certain production interval downhole, as well as layer-by layer pressure build-up test. The drainage pump can be used to discharge the mixed liquid between the upper and lower packers and near the wellbore to obtain real fluid samples of the tested formation interval. The data obtained give us better understanding on the pay zones in old oilfields, and provide important basis for development plan adjustment, reservoir stimulation, and EOR measures.

Free-running model test is one of the main test methods to study the performance of ships. In this study, a free-running test model was designed based on the planing trimaran model. The test model has a propulsion system and a data acquisition system, which can complete the functions of remote control, collecting thrust value and speed data and remote transmission data. Two kinds of wings were added to the test model, including the canard wing and the main wing. The test mainly studied the influence of the aerodynamic lift generated by the canard and the main wing on the rapidity of the planing trimaran. The test results show that with the increase of speed, the wing structure can produce considerable aerodynamic lift, and the purpose of reducing drag can be achieved by changing the pitch of the hull and lifting the hull. The test results verify the feasibility of using aerodynamic lift to improve the rapidity of high-speed planing craft. The combination of canard and main wing at the optimal attack angle can reduce hull resistance by 16.5 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of 5G-based communication for pilot protection in a distribution network with distributed generators is becoming increasingly widespread, but the existence of a 5G communication transmission data delay adversely affects the rapidity and reliability of the pilot protection based on the principle of the traditional dynamic time warping distance (DTW) algorithm. Therefore, to address this problem, and according to the difference in fault currents between distributed generators and synchronous machines, a new scheme of pilot protection based on the principle of an improved DTW is proposed. The scheme firstly performs cosine transform on the fault current sequence, and then it normalizes the DTW value. Finally, the proposed scheme is verified via simulation. The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional DTW, the proposed algorithm has better anti-delay characteristics and a stronger anti-interference ability, and the scheme can quickly and reliably identify in-zone and out-of-area faults with strong noise resistance. Further, the action times for a single-phase ground fault, two-phase ground fault, two-phase-to-phase fault, and three-phase short-circuit fault were reduced by 2.9 ms, 4.54 ms, 5.81 ms, and 5.89 ms, respectively. In addition, it is also sui for a distribution network with a high wind and photovoltaic penetration rate.

In Republic of Korea, pronounced seasonal precipitation variability poses substantial challenges for stream water quality management and the effective utilization of water resources. Ecologically degraded streams are particularly vulnerable to these fluctuations, which can exacerbate their already fragile condition. We assessed the resilience of reference and impaired streams in response to rainfall through water quality system performance (WQSP). The WQSP is quantified as the concentration of BOD, T-N, and T-P, which represent streams’ eutrophication and anaerobic conditions and respond quickly to disturbances. Reference and impaired streams are classified according to the biological condition and habitat environment of the streams in the Han River watershed of Republic of Korea. The resilience of the stream ecosystem was estimated using WQSP, the linear multiple regression model, and the generalized additive model for rainfall and WQSP. The WQSP reference streams have a lower sensitivity to disturbance and recover more quickly from the influence of rainfall; therefore, they have higher resilience than impaired streams to rainfall events. This study facilitates understanding changes in stream ecosystems of varying conditions in response to rainfall for ensuring long-term stability and adaptability.

Pyramidal neurons and interneurons play critical roles in regulating the neuronal activities in the mammalian cortex, where they exhibit different firing patterns. Pyramidal neurons mainly exhibit regular-spiking firing patterns, while interneurons have fast-spiking firing patterns. Cortical neurons have distinct action potential onset dynamics, in which the evoked action potential is rapid and highly variable. However, it is still unclear how cortical regular-spiking and fast-spiking neurons discriminate between different types of stimuli by changing their action potential onset parameters. Thus, we used intracellular recordings of regular-spiking and fast-spiking neurons, taken from layer 2/3 in the somatosensory cortex of adult mice, to investigate changes in the action potential waveform in response to two distinct stimulation protocols: the conventional step-and-hold and frozen noise. The results show that the frozen noise stimulation paradigm evoked more rapid action potential with lower threshold potential in both neuron types. Nevertheless, the difference in the action potential rapidity in response to different stimuli was significant in regular-spiking pyramidal neurons while insignificant in fast-spiking interneurons. Furthermore, the threshold variation was significantly higher for regular-spiking neurons than for fast-spiking neurons. Our findings demonstrate that different types of cortical neurons exhibit various onset dynamics of the action potentials, implying that different mechanisms govern the initiation of action potentials across cortical neuron subtypes.

A novel active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) strategy based on reduced linear extended state observer (RLESO) and terminal sliding mode theory is proposed, which is applied to the voltage outer loop of photovoltaic grid connected inverter to solve the bus voltage easy undulation problem caused by the fluctuation of light, temperature, grid side voltage and load. RLESO is designed based on the established physical model of photovoltaic grid connected inverter in coordinate system, whose convergence is proved by constructing Lyapunov function. The frequency domain characteristics show that RLESO has faster response speed and smaller phase lag than linear extended state observer (LESO) .In order to ensure the robustness of the system, terminal sliding mode is used to design the error feedback law of ADRC. The multi condition simulation results from MATLAB/Simulink show that the reduced order ADRC strategy has sensitive rapidity, good anti-interference ability and stronger engineering practicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power infrastructure is essential for the operation of almost all other critical infrastructure systems, including water, transportation, and telecommunications. Recently, there has been an increase in forced power outage frequency and extent due to infrastructure aging, extreme weather events, and deliberate attacks. To combat forced power outage risks, researchers have been focusing on improving the resilience of different power infrastructure systems. A key aspect of infrastructure resilience is the rapidity, defined as the time required to return to normal operation levels following functionality disruptions. This study developed a machine learning–based framework to predict the rapidity of power infrastructure following forced outages. The framework includes classification models such as bagging, random forests, and artificial neural networks to accommodate the categorical nature of typical power infrastructure component outage features. The framework also includes a genetic algorithm for optimized selection of such features in order to facilitate the model's best prediction performance. The utility of the developed framework was demonstrated using actual transmission line forced outages data. Within the demonstration application, rapidity was split into two classes indicating short and extended outages, and the random forest classification model had the best rapidity prediction performance. In addition, the influence of key features on outage classification was explored using partial dependence analysis. Finally, insights for resilience-guided asset management were presented. The developed framework enables infrastructure stakeholders to predict forced outage rapidity classes soon after the occurrence of the former—subsequently enabling rapid identification of appropriate resources needed to promptly restore infrastructure functionality and thus ensuring infrastructure resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transportation resilience is a multifaceted construct, including technical, socioeconomic, and geospatial factors. Developing effective plans demands evaluation of all resilience aspects across two major resilience dimensions: robustness and rapidity. Quantitative evaluation and monitoring of resilience aspects provides a thorough understanding of changes in transportation resilience over time. This paper proposes a resilience index framework to quantitively measure the road transportation systems' resilience to wind and water-related hazards in coastal areas. The framework streamlines abundant information derived from various resilience factors in a hierarchical structure and allows transportation planners to analyze changes in system resilience and identify corresponding root causes. Case study results indicate that the framework can effectively capture and track progress/deterioration in various resilience aspects and enhance our understanding of multidimensional transportation resilience. Transportation planners can utilize the developed index to set resilience goals, monitor progress toward goals, and prioritize projects to address the root causes of resilience deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While modern seismic design codes intend to ensure life-safety in extreme earthquakes, policy-makers are moving toward performance objectives stated in terms of acceptable recovery times. This article describes a framework to probabilistically model the post-earthquake recovery of buildings and provide quantitative seismic performance measures, expressed in terms of downtime, that are useful for decision-making. Downtime estimates include the time for mobilizing resources after an earthquake and conduct necessary repairs. The proposed framework advances the well-established Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) P-58 and Resilience-based Earthquake Design initiative (REDi) methodologies by modeling temporal building recovery trajectories to target recovery states, such as stability, shelter-in-place, reoccupancy, and functional recovery. The shelter-in-place recovery state accounts for relaxed post-earthquake habitability standards, in contrast with the reoccupancy recovery state that relates to pre-event habitability criteria. Analogous to safety-based codes, which specify a threshold for the probability of collapse under a given ground motion shaking intensity, this framework permits evaluating the probability of a building not achieving a target recovery state, for example, shelter-in-place, immediately after an earthquake, or, alternatively, the probability of achieving a target recovery state, for example, functional recovery, within a specified time frame. The proposed framework is implemented to evaluate a modern 12-story residential reinforced concrete shear wall building in Seattle, WA. The assessment results indicate that under a functional-level earthquake (roughly equivalent to ground motion shaking with a return period of 475 years), the probability of not achieving shelter-in-place immediately after the earthquake is 22%, and the probability of downtime to functional recovery exceeding 4 months is 88%, which far exceeds acceptable thresholds suggested in the 2015 National Earthquake Hazards Reductions Program (NEHRP) guidelines and FEMA P-2090. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Filosofia Medieval and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To visually and rapidly detect a novel goose astrovirus (N-GoAstV) causing fatal gout in goslings, an isothermal detection method based on one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (one-step RT-LAMP) was established. The one-step RT-LAMP assay for N-GoAstV detection, using Bst 3.0 DNA polymerase with strong reverse transcription activity and primer sets targeting the opening reading frame 1b (ORF1b) of N-GoAstV, could be completed in 30 min using a water bath at 61°C; the detection results could be visually observed by adding a pH-sensitive dye containing phenol red and cresol red. The detection limit of the one-step RT-LAMP assay was 57.8 copies, which was similar to that of reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The assay specifically detected N-GoAstV without any cross-reaction with other reference viruses, and this was further confirmed using enzyme digestion. These results indicated that the newly established RT-LAMP assay could accomplish reverse transcription, amplification, and visual result determination in one step, and the results obtained via this rapid and cost-effective method could be used to support disease control on farms in terms of N-GoAstV infection.

[Objectives] To meet the functional requirements of a special purpose ship,large bulbous bow should be installed at the fore-body as the carrier of special equipment. In order to overcome the adverse effect of large bulbous bow as a special appendage on ship rapidity,the optimal design of high-speed hull form fusion special type bulbous bow was carried out.[Methods] By using the method of gradual approach to analysis,The hull and its appendages were compared and analyzed,the ship with high resistance performance was selected by numerical simulation,which was verified by model test.[Results] The results show that the hull form of round bilge fused cylindrical bulbous ship is a hull form that can meet the layout requirement and has high performance.[Conclusions] Under the same calculation conditions,the numerical simulation can accurately predict the resistance differences among different hull forms,the multi-plan optimization design approach proposed in this paper is an effective method to optimize hull forms.

Introduction: The diagnostic tools of nucleic acid amplification tests and antigen tests have been extensively employed for the detection of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT)-PCR test has high sensitivity and specificity, it is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. On the other hand, antigen tests are simple and prompt, however, their low sensitivity and potential for false positives have been identified as limitations. In light of these factors, the development of novel tests that combine speed and clinical dependability is a promising prospect., Methods: Surface plasmon field-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (SPFS) excites chromophores by means of an enhanced electromagnetic field induced on a gold film surface. It enables the highly sensitive measurement of biomarkers in a short and simple 20-min window. In this study, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) SPFS-based antigen test targeting the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein was performed and evaluated in 25 patients with COVID-19 and 10 non-infected controls., Results: A positive correlation was observed between antigen levels determined by SPFS and RNA levels determined via RT-PCR. The sensitivity values were 100 %, 92 %, and 62.5 %; and the specificity values were 100 %, 90 %, and 100 %; for nasopharyngeal swabs, nasal swabs, and saliva specimens when the cutoff values were set to 65.1, 0.2, and 1.5 pg/mL, respectively. No clinically problematic cross-reactivity with analogous coronaviruses was observed., Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 SPFS antigen test showed excellent clinical diagnostic accuracy for nasopharyngeal and nasal swabs, with a rapid turnaround., (Copyright © 2024 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy, Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, and Japanese Society for Infection Prevention and Control. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work concentrated confirmation security among the V2V correspondence. The paper anticipates an effectual RTSP protocol that combines the Internet of things, cloud with specialist innovation into one stage where it manages secure correspondence and interfaces between the huge measure of decentralized and heterogeneously conveyed devices in IoT. Subsequently our proposed work is for decreasing blockage, following articles, traffic the executives, directing, and keeping away from clog. This design starts the usage of Road Side Unit (RSU), Central Cloud Layer (CCL), and Vehicular Cloud Layer (VCL), with sensor innovations, IoT based vehicular data frameworks, Vehicular cloud-based Ad-hoc networks where the traffic objects are addressed, followed over the web. In recent years the vehicle AdHoc network plays a vital role in smart vehicles monitoring, tracking, and sharing of location-based information. The VANET communication occurs among the vehicles -to- vehicles(V2V) and Vehicles-to-infrastructure(V2I). The communication message provides information on traffic and critical road events for each vehicle's comfortable driving. Smart transport involves smart sensors and the internet of things vehicles (IoTV). The wide range of data has been outsourced from IoTV for efficient monitoring with a cloud environment adapted for vehicles cloud. There has been plenty of security issues among the VANET and IoTV due to multiuser and open access channel transmission there has been plenty of VANET protocol delivered for secure smart vehicles transmission technology. various security issues have been concentrated, the issues like authentication, integrity, non-reputation, confidentiality, and availability have been the major vulnerable security threads. In this work concentrated authentication security among the V2V communication. This examination offers a useful structure for checking appropriated directing for vehicles, blockage shirking, and traffic the executives, etc. Broad reenactment is done in MATLAB climate, which shows a superior compromise as opposed to traditional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc ion (Zn2+) is a necessary transition metal ion in the human body and plays a vital role in biological systems. Therefore, it is meaningful for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of Zn2+. Herein, a "switch-on" fluorescence sensing platform for the detection of Zn2+ was successfully established. In this work, we report an optical nanoprobe with amino functional groups based on porphyrin metal-organic frameworks (PCN-NH2) through a simple treatment method. The modification of the salicylaldehyde (SA) through the C=N acts as a quencher of PCN-NH2 and the ligand of Zn2+ can effectively inhibit the fluorescence emission of PCN-NH2. The complex of porphyrin-based metal-organic framework and salicylaldehyde (PCN/SA) acts as the fluorescence sensing probe. The presence of Zn2+ results in the new emission peak at 448 nm due to the formation of a complex between Zn2+ and SA. The corresponding fluorescence signal changes were used to accurately detect the concentration of Zn2+. The fluorescence sensing platform shows advantages, including rapid response, high sensitivity, and excellent specificity with a linear detection range of Zn2+ between 0.1 and 250 μM, and a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.07 μM. And the feasibility of the method was verified for the quantification of Zn2+ in cell lysate, environmental water, and plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, firstly, we have determined the multiplicities of protons that are involved from projectiles to interactions, and secondly, the mean incident momentum using experimental data on the collisions of proton, helium, oxygen, silicon, and sulfur with the nuclear emulsion at 4.5A GeV/c. We have studied the dependences of clot numbers, number of particles in the clot, rapidity, and the mean azimuthal value on the variable dij, and the dependence of the cluster number on the mean value of the variable dij. Using the “Cone” algorithm for the clustering, we have precisely identified that the cut-off parameter to compose the clusters consisted of s and f tracks produced in (p, He, C, O, Si, S) + Em collisions decreases by the power law with mean values of incident momentum.

In this study, a one-step isothermal method combining polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) with reverse transcription (RT-PSR) was established for rapid and specific detection of novel astroviruses causing fatal gout in goslings (N-GoAstV). The one-step RT-PSR was accomplished at the optimal temperature of 62°C and time of 40 min and used primers simply designed as conventional PCR primers, and the results of detection were visible to the naked eye. The detection limit of PSR was above 34.7 copies/μL at a 95% probability level according to probit regression analysis. The assay specifically detected N-GoAstV, and no other reference viruses were detected. These results suggest that the newly established RT-PSR assay could, in one step, accomplish reverse-transcription, amplification, and result determination providing a visible, convenient, rapid, and cost-effective test that can be carried out onsite, in order to ensure timely quarantine of N-GoAstV-infected birds, leading to effective disease control.

The transverse momentum spectra of π+ (π−)(π++π−) at 6.3, 17.3, 31, 900 and 7000 GeV are analyzed by the blast-wave model with Tsallis statistics (TBW) in proton-proton collisions. We took the value of flow profile n0 = 1 and 2 in order to see the difference in the results of the extracted parameters in the two cases. Different rapidity slices at 31 GeV are also analyzed, and the values of the related parameters, such as kinetic freeze-out temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freeze-out volume, are obtained. The above parameters rise with the increase of collision energy, while at 31 GeV, they decrease with increasing rapidity, except for the kinetic freeze-out volume, which increases. We also extracted the parameter q, which is an entropy-based parameter, and its rising trend is noticed with increasing collision energy, while at 31 GeV, no specific dependence of q is observed on rapidity. In addition, the multiplicity parameter N0 and mean transverse momentum are extracted, which increase with increasing collision energy and decrease with increasing rapidity. We notice that the kinetic freeze-out temperature and mean transverse momentum are slightly larger with n0 = 2, while the transverse flow velocity is larger in the case of n0 = 1, but the difference is very small and hence insignificant.

The increased frequency and magnitude of natural and anthropogenic hazard events that affected infrastructure systems over the past two decades have highlighted the need for more effective risk management strategies. Such strategies are expected to not only manage the immediate disruption to system's functionality following hazard realization, but to also mitigate the latter's extended-term consequences (e.g., recovery cost and restoration time), which would otherwise be disastrous. To yield realistic managerial insights, such resilience-guided risk management necessitates accounting for the different sources of uncertainties associated with both the hazard quantification and the response of the infrastructure being considered. Through considering such uncertainties, the probabilistic resilience quantification framework developed in this study is expected to provide valuable managerial insights to guide resource allocations for both pre- and posthazard realization. The applicability of the framework is demonstrated on a simplified system subjected to different anthropogenic hazard scenarios. Beyond the presented case study, the developed framework lays the foundation for adopting probabilistic resilience quantification to guide the next-generation risk management processes of infrastructure systems under different forms of natural and anthropogenic hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is currently facing a serious health burden of waterborne diseases, including diarrhea, gastrointestinal diseases, and systemic illnesses. The control of these infectious diseases ultimately depends on the access to safe drinking water, properly managed sanitation, and hygiene practices. Therefore, ultrasensitive, rapid, and specific monitoring platforms for bacterial pathogens in ambient waters at the point of sample collection are urgently needed. We conducted a literature review on state-of-the-art research of rapid in-field aquatic bacteria detection methods, including cell-based methods, nucleic acid amplification detection methods, and biosensors. The detection performance, the advantages, and the disadvantages of the technologies are critically discussed. We envision that promising monitoring approaches should be automated, real-time, and target-multiplexed, thus allowing comprehensive evaluation of exposure risks attributable to waterborne pathogens and even emerging microbial contaminants such as antibiotic resistance genes, which leads to better protection of public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have studied the spectra of strange particles in pp collision at s = 0.9 TeV by using different simulation models, EPOS-1.99, SIBYLL-2.3c, QGSJETII-04 and EPOS-LHC. The transverse momentum and rapidity distribution in the p T range of 0 < p T < 1 0  GeV/c and 0 < p T < 2  GeV/c, respectively, are investigated for the strange particles, K s o , Λ , Ξ − . Similarly, a comparative study is done for the ratio of Λ / K s o and Ξ − / Λ as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity. The validity of simulation models is tested by comparing simulation results to the CMS experimental data at s = 0.9 TeV. For p T distributions, the EPOS-LHC model in the p T range p T < 0. 3  GeV/c, p T > 8  GeV/c and in 3. 6 < p T < 3. 8  GeV/c while EPOS-1.99 model in the p T range 2. 5 < p T < 2. 8  GeV/c and QGSJETII-04 model in the p T range 2. 5 < p T < 2. 8  GeV/c as well as, 3. 6 < p T < 3. 8  GeV/c explain the experimental data well. For the, Λ / K s o and Ξ − / Λ versus transverse momentum distributions, EPOS-LHC model in the p T range of, 2. 4 < p T < 2. 6  GeV/c and 1. 6 < p T < 1. 8 GeV/c, EPOS-1.99 model in the p T range, 1. 7 < p T < 2. 2  GeV/c, SIBYLL-2.3c model in the p T range, 1. 4 < p T < 1. 6  GeV/c and QGSJETII-04 model in the p T range 0. 4 < p T < 0. 6  GeV/c explain the experimental data very well. Similarly, for Λ / K s o and Ξ − / Λ versus rapidity distribution QGSJETII-04 predictions in the rapidity region, 0. 4 < | y | < 0. 6 , 1. 4 < | y | < 1. 6 , and | y | > 1. 8 , while EPOS-LHC model in the region, | y | > 1. 8 , very well explained the experimental data. Although good comparison of the models predictions with the experimental data is observed, none of them completely describe the experimental data the spectra of strange particles over the entire p T and y range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]