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To determine the outcomes of diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopy in patients with chronic wrist pain who are younger than 16 years of age.We retrospectively analyzed collected data from medical records of patients who had undergone wrist arthroscopy by the senior author between 2015 and 2017 for longstanding wrist pain and were 16 years old or younger. Findings from preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were compared with the intraoperative diagnosis, and midterm results were gathered by a telephone interview.Ten patients were included. Eight of 10 patients had undergone conservative therapy before surgery, and 60% had a history of single trauma. In 6 of 10 patients, the arthroscopic diagnosis correlated with the MRI findings. Eight of 10 wrists (80%) showed a tear of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC). Only 4 of the 8 TFCC tears were correctly identified by 3-Tesla MRI.In our study, wrist arthroscopy was an effective tool not only to diagnose but also to treat relevant TFCC lesions both in adolescents and children suffering from persistent wrist pain. A 3-Tesla MRI was neither sensitive nor specific enough to correctly diagnose lesions in small pediatric wrists.IV, Therapeutic case series.

As the wind energy industry is maturing and wind turbines are becoming larger, there is an increasing need for cost-effective monitoring and data analysis solutions to understand the complex aerodynamic and acoustic behaviour of the flexible blades. Published measurements on operating rotor blades in real conditions are very scarce due to the complexity of the installation and use of measurement systems. However, recent developments in electronics, wireless communication and MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) sensors are making it possible to acquire data in a cost-effective and energy-efficient way. In this work, therefore, a costeffective MEMS-based aerodynamic and acoustic wireless measurement system that is thin, non-intrusive, easy to install, low power and self-sustaining is designed and tested in a wind tunnel. The measurement system does not require an electrical connection to the wind turbine and can be mounted and removed without damaging the blade.The results show that the system is capable of delivering relevant results continuously, although work needs to be done on calibrating and correcting the pressure signals as well as on refining the concept for the attachment sleeve for weather protection in the field. Finally, two methods for using the measurements to provide added value to the wind energy industry are developed and demonstrated: (1) inferring the local angle of attack via stagnation point detection using differential pressure sensors near the leading edge and (2) detecting and classifying leading edge erosion using instantaneous snapshots of the measured pressure fields. Ongoing work involves field tests on a 6 kW operating wind turbine in Switzerland., Wind Energy Science, 7 (4)

Assessing power tools usage helps to prolong their life cycle, as well as indicate targeted maintenance interventions after a particular series of events, e.g. drops. In this work, we propose a low power multi-sensors hardware-software co-design for extremely long shelf life, and a long operating lifecycle. The designed device is based on a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) system on chip (SoC) to exchange data with a gateway. NFC has been chosen to wake up the device without adding any additional power consumption. The system on a chip includes an ARM Cortex-M4F core to further process the information achieving low latency and high energy efficiency. The device hosts a temperature and humidity sensor used to monitor the storage conditions, and an accelerometer is used for condition and activity monitoring. This paper provides a proof-of-concept approach to continuously assess the usage of a power tool and detect potential mis-usages, e.g., drops. The architecture, thought to be flexible, can host both traditional signal processing and novel tiny machine learning workloads, offering a future-proof platform for several application scenarios. Experimental results highlight the advanced processing capabilities at low power consumption enabling a long lifetime of up to 4 years with a small coin battery.

This paper presents a low power, flexible and energy-efficient wireless sensor node for aerodynamic and acoustic measurements on wind turbine blades and other industrial structures. It comprises 40 high-accuracy absolute MEMS pressure sensors, ten MEMS microphones, a data processing system, a wireless transmitter based on Bluetooth Low Energy 5 tuned for long-range and high throughput while maintaining energy efficiency. The sensor node has been designed and implemented to test the range of communication, the impact on energy efficiency, the functionality, and the estimated lifetime. Experimental tests outdoor in realistic conditions revealed that the system can sustain a data rate of 850kbps over 438m. The node power consumption while streaming all measured data from a multi-MW wind turbine is only 46mW, enabling lifetimes of a full month even in the worst-case scenario of streaming all sensor data using an 8.7Ah Li-Ion battery.

This thesis is devoted to the study of the geometry of curved Yang-Mills-Higgs gauge theory (CYMH GT), a theory introduced by Alexei Kotov and Thomas Strobl. This theory reformulates classical gauge theory, in particular, the Lie algebra (and its action) is generalized to a Lie algebroid E, equipped with a connection \nabla, and the field strength has an extra term \zeta; there is a certain relationship between \zeta and \nabla, for example, if \zeta \equiv 0, then \nabla is flat. In the classical situation E is an action Lie algebroid, a combination of a trivial Lie algebra bundle and a Lie algebra action, \nabla is then the canonical flat connection with respect to such an E, and \zeta\equiv 0. The main results of this Ph.D thesis are the following: • Reformulating curved Yang-Mills-Higgs gauge theory, also including a thorough introduction and a coordinate-free formulation. Especially the infinitesimal gauge transformation will be generalized to a derivation on vector bundle V-valued functionals. Those vector bundles V will be the pullback of another bundle W, and the gauge transformation as derivation will be induced by a Lie algebroid connection on W. This also supports the usage of arbitrary types of connections on W in the definition of the infinitesimal gauge transformation. • Studying functionals as parameters of the infinitesimal gauge transformation, supporting a richer set of infinitesimal gauge transformations, especially the parameter itself can have a non-trivial gauge transformation. The discussion about the infinitesimal gauge transformation is also about what type of connection for the definition of the infinitesimal gauge transformation should be used, and this is argued by studying the commutator of two infinitesimal gauge transformations. We take the connection on W then in such a way that the commutator is again an infinitesimal gauge transformation; for this flatness of the connection on W is necessary and sufficient. For W= E and W = \mathrm{T}N we use the so-called basic connection which is not the canonical flat connection in the classical non-abelian situation; this is not the connection normally used in the standard formulation, but it reflects the symmetries of gauge theory better than the usual connection, which is in general not even flat. For W = \mathbb{R} the gauge transformation is uniquely given as the Lie derivative of a vector field on the space of fields given by the field of gauge bosons and the Higgs field, and the commutator is then just the Lie bracket of vector fields; in this case the bracket will also give again a vector field related to gauge transformations. • Defining an equivalence of CYMH GTs given by a field redefinition which is a transformation of structural data like the field of gauge bosons. In order to preserve the physics, this equivalence is constructed in such a way that the Lagrangian of the studied theory is invariant under this field redefinition. It is then natural to study whether there are equivalence classes admitting representatives with flat \nabla and/or zero \zeta: 1. On the one hand, the equivalence class related to E = \mathrm{T}\mathds{S}^7, \mathds{S}^7 the seven-dimensional sphere, admits only representatives with non-flat \nabla, while locally the equivalence class of all tangent bundles admits a representative with flat \nabla. 2. On the other hand, the equivalence class related to "E= LAB" (Lie algebra bundle) has a relation with an obstruction class about extending Lie algebroids by LABs; this will imply that locally there is always a representative with flat \nabla while globally this may not be the case, similar to the previous bullet point. Furthermore, a canonical construction for equivalence classes with no representative with zero \zeta is given, which also works locally, and an interpretation of \zeta as failure of the Bianchi identity of the field strength is provided., Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de la géométrie de la théorie de jauge Yang-Mills-Higgs courbe (\textbf{CYMH GT}), une théorie introduite par Alexei Kotov et Thomas Strobl. Cette théorie reformule la théorie de jauge classique, en particulier, l'algèbre de Lie (et son action) est généralisée à un algébroïde de Lie E, équipé d'une connexion \nabla, et l'intensité du champ a un terme supplémentaire \zeta; il existe une certaine relation entre \zeta et \nabla, par exemple, si \zeta \equiv 0, alors \nabla est plat. Dans la situation classique E est un algébroïde de Lie d'action, une combinaison d'un fibré trivial d'algèbre de Lie et d'une action d'algèbre de Lie, \nabla est alors la connexion plate canonique par rapport à un tel E, et \zeta\equiv 0. Les principaux résultats de cette thèse de doctorat sont les suivants: • Reformulation de la théorie de jauge courbée de Yang-Mills-Higgs, comprenant également une introduction approfondie et une formulation sans coordonnées. En particulier, la transformation de jauge infinitésimale sera généralisée à une dérivation sur les fonctionnelle valuées des fibrés de vecteurs V. Ces fibrés de vecteurs V seront le pullback d'un autre fibré W, et la transformation de jauge en tant que dérivation sera induite par une connexion algébroïde de Lie sur W. Cela permet également d'utiliser des types arbitraires de connexions sur W dans la définition de la transformation de jauge infinitésimale. • L'étude des fonctionnelles comme paramètres de la transformation de jauge infinitésimale permet d'obtenir un ensemble plus riche de transformations de jauge infinitésimales. La discussion sur la transformation de jauge infinitésimale porte également sur le type de connexion à utiliser pour la définition de la transformation de jauge infinitésimale, ce que nous expliquons en étudiant le commutateur de deux transformations de jauge infinitésimales. Nous prenons alors la connexion sur W de telle sorte que le commutateur soit à nouveau une transformation de jauge infinitésimale; pour cela, la planéité de la connexion sur W est nécessaire et suffisante. Pour W= E et W = \mathrm{T}N, nous utilisons la connexion dite de base. Pour W = \mathbb{R}, la transformation de jauge est uniquement donnée comme la dérivée de Lie d'un champ vectoriel sur l'espace des champs donné par le champ des bosons de jauge et le champ de Higgs, et le commutateur est alors simplement le crochet de Lie des champs vectoriels; dans ce cas, le crochet donnera également à nouveau un champ vectoriel lié aux transformations de jauge. • Définir une équivalence de GTs CYMH donnée par une redéfinition de champ qui est une transformation de données structurelles comme le champ des bosons de jauge. Afin de préserver la physique, cette équivalence est construite de telle manière que le Lagrangien de la théorie étudiée est invariant sous cette redéfinition de champ. Il est alors naturel d'étudier s'il existe des classes d'équivalence admettant des représentants avec des \nabla plats et/ou des \zeta nuls: • D'une part, la classe d'équivalence relative à E = \mathrm{T}\mathds{S}^7, \mathds{S}^7 la sphère à sept dimensions, n'admet que des représentants avec des \nabla non plats, alors que localement la classe d'équivalence de tous les fibrés tangents admet un représentant avec des \nabla plats. • D'autre part, la classe d'équivalence liée à "E= LAB" (Lie algebra bundle) a une relation avec une classe d'obstruction sur l'extension des algèbres de Lie par les LAB; cela impliquera que localement, il existe toujours un représentant avec \nabla plat alors que globalement, cela peut ne pas être le cas, de manière similaire au point précédent. De plus, une construction canonique pour les classes d'équivalence sans représentant avec \zeta nul est donnée, qui fonctionne également localement, et une interprétation de \zeta comme échec de l'identité de Bianchi de l'intensité du champ est fournie.

Alexei Kotov and Thomas Strobl have introduced a covariantized formulation of Yang-Mills-Higgs gauge theories whose main motivation was to replace the Lie algebra with Lie algebroids. This allows the introduction of a possibly non-flat connection $\nabla$ on this bundle, after also introducing an additional 2-form $\zeta$ in the field strength. We will study this theory in the simplified situation of Lie algebra bundles, hence, only massless gauge bosons, and we will provide a physical motivation of $\zeta$. Moreover, we classify $\nabla$ using the gauge invariance, resulting into that $\nabla$ needs to be a Lie derivation law covering a pairing $\Xi$, as introduced by Mackenzie. There is also a field redefinition, keeping the physics invariant, but possibly changing $\zeta$ and the curvature of $\nabla$. We are going to study whether this can lead to a classical theory, and we will realize that this has a strong correspondence to Mackenzie's study about extending Lie algebroids with Lie algebra bundles. We show that Mackenzie's obstruction class is also an obstruction for having non-flat connections which are not related to a flat connection using the field redefinitions. This class is related to $\mathrm{d}^\nabla \zeta$, a tensor which also measures the failure of the Bianchi identity of the field strength and which is invariant under the field redefinition. This tensor will also provide hints about whether $\zeta$ can vanish after a field redefinition., Comment: 36 pages (including title page and five pages of the appendix)

Machine learning applications have become ubiquitous. Their applications range from embedded control in production machines over process optimization in diverse areas (e.g., traffic, finance, sciences) to direct user interactions like advertising and recommendations. This has led to an increased effort of making machine learning trustworthy. Explainable and fair AI have already matured. They address the knowledgeable user and the application engineer. However, there are users that want to deploy a learned model in a similar way as their washing machine. These stakeholders do not want to spend time in understanding the model, but want to rely on guaranteed properties. What are the relevant properties? How can they be expressed to the stake- holder without presupposing machine learning knowledge? How can they be guaranteed for a certain implementation of a machine learning model? These questions move far beyond the current state of the art and we want to address them here. We propose a unified framework that certifies learning methods via care labels. They are easy to understand and draw inspiration from well-known certificates like textile labels or property cards of electronic devices. Our framework considers both, the machine learning theory and a given implementation. We test the implementation's compliance with theoretical properties and bounds.

Predictive maintenance and structural health monitoring are challenging and promising research fields today. In particular, cost-effective and long-term monitoring of wind turbines has been proven to be one of the key elements to successfully increase their efficiency. Accurate numerical modeling and real-time control-in-the-loop play an increasingly prominent role in understanding and optimizing blade aerodynamic and acoustic performances. A non-intrusive and modular measurement system is a prerequisite for long-term measurement campaigns in existing and future wind turbines. Current methods of performing aerodynamic and acoustic field measurements are cumbersome and expensive, leading to a shortage of aerodynamic and acoustic datasets on operating wind turbines. This paper demonstrates the ability of the new Aerosense system to operate successfully in the field. Aerosense is a long-lasting battery-operated and flexible wireless sensor node that can directly measure aerodynamic and acoustic effects on wind turbine blades. It consists of an array of state-of-the-art Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors, including 40 barometers and 10 microphones, combined with an ultra low power system-on-chip with wireless transmission over Bluetooth 5.1. Experimental results demonstrate the possibility of continuously acquiring data for up to four months on a single lithium battery of 8.7 Ah, featuring an absolute accuracy of 10Pa and an audio bandwidth of 6kHz., Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2265 (2), ISSN:1742-6588, ISSN:1742-6596

A investigação na área da sexualidade tem evoluído nas últimas décadas e questões como a identidade de género e atitudes face à homossexualidade não se têm mantido constantes ao longo do tempo devido às profundas mudanças sócio-culturais verificadas nos últimos anos. Pretende-se avaliar como a identidade de género e atitudes face à homossexualidade/homoparentalidade se relacionam com o género e diferentes grupos de idade. Administraram-se 636 questionários a 126 homens e 510 mulheres portugueses e brasileiros. Os resultados demonstram que existe uma equidade na identidade de género e a maioria tem atitudes favoráveis relativamente à homossexualidade e homoparentalidade. Encontraram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre géneros e grupos de idade: como esperado as mulheres mais frequentemente se identificam com o género feminino e os homens com o género masculino. Os participantes mais novos mais frequentemente referem não ter uma exclusividade de identidade de género. São as mulheres e os participantes mais novos que apresentam atitudes menos discriminatórias relativamente à homossexualidade/homoparentalidade. Para a vivência da sexualidade ser positiva é crucial apostar na (re)educação sexual como estratégia da saúde sexual e reprodutiva.

Resumo A satisfação conjugal é um construto relevante para o estudo na Psicologia, dada sua importância no desenvolvimento deste relacionamento interpessoal. Esta investigação revisou a estrutura fatorial da Escala de Satisfação Conjugal (ESC). A ESC, frequentemente, tem sido utilizada na pesquisa brasileira, inclusa como medida convergente para gerar evidências de validade de critério no desenvolvimento de novas medidas psicológicas. Por outro lado, suas propriedades psicométricas não são verificadas há 25 anos. Participou deste estudo uma amostra não probabilística de 249 pessoas do Rio de Janeiro, com idades entre 21 e 77 anos (M = 45,3; DP = 13,26), casadas ou em uniões estáveis há 19,5 anos em média (DP = 12,88). Os dados coletados foram submetidos às Análises Fatorial Exploratória e Confirmatória. O exame revelou alguns itens com desempenhos psicométricos insatisfatórios. Contudo, uma versão reduzida da ESC apresentou simplicidade e índices de ajuste estimados muito bons. Evidências de validade da existência de um fator de segunda ordem também foram produzidas. A fidedignidade estimada para os fatores e a escala toda variou de 0,93 a 0,85. Resumen La satisfacción marital es un constructo relevante para el estudio de la psicología, dada su importancia en el desarrollo de esta relación íntima. Esta investigación examinó la estructura factorial de la Escala de Satisfacción Marital (MSS). El MSS menudo se ha utilizado en la investigación brasileña, incluso como medida para generar criterio de validez convergente en el desarrollo de nuevas medidas psicológicas. Por otro lado, las propiedades psicométricas no se examinan hace 25 años. Participaron en este estudio una muestra no probabilística de 249 personas de Río de Janeiro, 21-77 años de edad (M = 45.3, DE = 13.26), casadas o en unión estable con 19,5 años de media (DE = 12.88). Los datos fueron sometidos a un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. El examen reveló algunos itemes con actuaciones psicométricas pobres. Sin embargo, una versión reducida de la MSS presentó sencillez y los índices de ajuste estimados muy buenos. También se produjeron evidencia de la validez de la existencia de un factor de segundo orden. La fiabilidad estimada para los factores y la escala completa variaron desde 0.93 hasta 0.85. Abstract Marital satisfaction is a construct that is relevant to psychology research due to its significance in terms of establishing this interpersonal relationship. The present study examines the factor structure of the Marital Satisfaction Scale (MSS). The MSS has frequently been employed in Brazilian studies, incorporated as a convergent measure for producing criterion validity evidence in the elaboration of new psychometric methods. Nonetheless, its psychometric properties have not been substantiated for 25 years. A non-probabilistic sample of 249 people from Rio de Janeiro participated in the present study, their ages ranging between 21 and 77 years (M = 45.3; SD = 13.26). They had been married or involved in a civil union (also known as a "domestic partnership" or "common-law marriage" depending on the location) for an average of 19.5 years (SD = 12.88). The collected data was assessed via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Such assessment revealed several items exhibiting poor psychometric performance. Nevertheless, an abridged version of the MSS provided simplicity and produced excellent fit indices. It also yielded validity evidence of the existence of a second-order factor. The estimated reliability for both the factors and the entire scale ranged between 0.85 and 0.93.

Resumo A satisfacao conjugal e um construto relevante para o estudo na Psicologia, dada sua importância no desenvolvimento deste relacionamento interpessoal. Esta investigacao revisou a estrutura fatorial da Escala de Satisfacao Conjugal (ESC). A ESC, frequentemente, tem sido utilizada na pesquisa brasileira, inclusa como medida convergente para gerar evidencias de validade de criterio no desenvolvimento de novas medidas psicologicas. Por outro lado, suas propriedades psicometricas nao sao verificadas ha 25 anos. Participou deste estudo uma amostra nao probabilistica de 249 pessoas do Rio de Janeiro, com idades entre 21 e 77 anos (M = 45,3; DP = 13,26), casadas ou em unioes estaveis ha 19,5 anos em media (DP = 12,88). Os dados coletados foram submetidos as Analises Fatorial Exploratoria e Confirmatoria. O exame revelou alguns itens com desempenhos psicometricos insatisfatorios. Contudo, uma versao reduzida da ESC apresentou simplicidade e indices de ajuste estimados muito bons. Evidencias de validade da existencia de um fator de segunda ordem tambem foram produzidas. A fidedignidade estimada para os fatores e a escala toda variou de 0,93 a 0,85.

Both Japan and parts of the European Monetary Union have experienced boom and bust in stock and real estate markets, which have been followed by a lasting crisis. The paper analyses the role of a high degree of regional heterogeneity for public debt and monetary policy in the context of crisis. It is shown for Japan that the attempts to maintain regional cohesion via a regional transfer mechanism has contributed to the unprecedented rise in public debt and persistent monetary expansion. Econometric estimations show that in Japan regional redistribution of funds has ensured homogeneous living conditions across Japanese regions pre- and post-crisis. The side condition is monetary expansion. A similar effect could emerge in Europe, if the crisis persists.

The development of new electric motors is a vital part of the engineer's work on the electric powertrain. One approach may be to use wheel hub motors, which may help future electric vehicle concepts to find the optimum package. The following report describes the decision-making processes and selection criteria that Schaeffler took into consideration when developing its own electric wheel hub motor. With this development, the mechatronics specialists are making a contribution to meeting future requirement profiles for this new type of mobility.

In our society an expressive number of couples have faced problems due to conflicting relationships. Such difficulties have been associated with the development and maintenance of several mental disorders. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) offers an effective model for handling marital problems and improving partners’ satisfaction with their relationships. The present work has four goals: 1) to present a brief history of the application of CBT with couples; 2) to trace a profile of the researches published in Brazil concerning this therapeutic approach with this population, based in systematic searches in seven bibliographic databases; 3) to discuss the application of Beck’s cognitive model to marital relationships; and 4) to present goals and stages of CBT in the treatment of distressed couples. It was verified that the number of publications in Brazil on CBT with couples is still reduced. We conclude that more investigations on this research topic focusing on the Brazilian population should be conducted