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Abstract Large genes including several CRISPR-Cas modules like gene activators (CRISPRa) require dual adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors for an efficient in vivo delivery and expression. Current dual AAV vector approaches have important limitations, e.g., low reconstitution efficiency, production of alien proteins, or low flexibility in split site selection. Here, we present a dual AAV vector technology based on reconstitution via mRNA trans-splicing (REVeRT). REVeRT is flexible in split site selection and can efficiently reconstitute different split genes in numerous in vitro models, in human organoids, and in vivo. Furthermore, REVeRT can functionally reconstitute a CRISPRa module targeting genes in various mouse tissues and organs in single or multiplexed approaches upon different routes of administration. Finally, REVeRT enabled the reconstitution of full-length ABCA4 after intravitreal injection in a mouse model of Stargardt disease. Due to its flexibility and efficiency REVeRT harbors great potential for basic research and clinical applications.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the first known case of human Bertiellosis in Paraná (Brazil). Case description: A 6-year-old male residing in the Brazilian state of Paraná was suffering from intermittent nonspecific abdominal pain and abdominal distension, associated with expulsion of live tapeworms in his feces for 7 months. He had a history of interaction with monkeys on an island. His first feces analysis was inconclusive, with an initial hypothesis of an atypical Taenia. However, after additional research, the parasitologist identified pregnant proglottids of Bertiella sp. The patient was initially treated with an unknown dosage of albendazole and nitazoxanide, as it was believed he had been infected with Taenia sp. Since the symptoms persisted, praziquantel 10 mg/kg was prescribed without further proglottids elimination. Comments: Human Bertiellosis is a rare zoonosis, with less than one hundred cases reported. However, it is a cause of chronic abdominal pain and should be kept as a differential diagnosis, especially in cases reporting recurrent tapeworm expulsion in feces and refractory treatment with albendazole.

Abstract The Rumpel‐Leede sign, characterized by a non‐blanching petechial rash distal to venous occlusion, has historically been associated with thrombocytopenia and capillary fragility. This phenomenon has been observed in various situations involving pressure application, such as tourniquet tests and continuous non‐invasive pressure monitoring. Here, we present a case of Rumpel‐Leede sign occurring after transulnar percutaneous coronary angiography in a 55‐year‐old female patient with a history of myocardial infarction. The patient had an uneventful recovery, highlighting the benign nature of the rash and the lack of intervention required. This underscores the importance of recognizing this sign and its association with specific procedures.

In this article, I approach the technical musical processes of adaptation to irregular meters of the Brazilian genres ijexá, maracatu and samba as starting points for a compositional process; I also highlight the use of the metric modulation resource in the list of rhythmic mechanisms involved in the structuring of the musical material generated. Regarding the aesthetic-musical aspects, I choose to categorize the artistic product of this work as “jazz oriented’ Brazilian instrumental music”, since its construction process took place through the application of technical-aesthetic-musical procedures and elements observed in the bibliography and discography of both Brazilian popular music and jazz. Finally, with this text I seek to point out that, starting from the artistic background usual to those who dedicate themselves to musical creation in the context approached, the adaptation of Brazilian genres to non-isochronous rhythmic contexts is applicable as a propelling resource for the emergence of combinatorial ignitions in the “aristoxenic” process of musical composition.

A mastite bovina é considerada a doença de maior prevalência nos rebanhos leiteiros no mundo, impactando produtores, indústria de laticínios e influenciando negativamente a qualidade do leite, além do impacto na saúde pública. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se traçar o perfil microbiológico dos agentes causadores da mastite bovina em propriedades leiteiras da microrregião do Agreste e Brejo paraibano entre o período de agosto de 2018 a dezembro de 2019 e avaliar o comportamento da dinâmica do California mastitis test (CMT) em diferentes perfis microbiológicos do leite. Foram analisadas um total de 421 amostras de leite provenientes de 920 quartos mamários de 230 vacas que foram submetidas ao diagnóstico da mastite clínica (MC) e subclínica (MSC). Observou-se uma expressiva ocorrência de casos de MSC (n = 370, 40,22%) e de MC (n = 51, 5,54%). As amostras de quartos mamários com MC ou MSC resultou em 16,63% de ausência de crescimento no exame microbiológico. Das amostras com crescimento microbiológico, Staphylococcus spp. (26,36%), Corynebacterium spp. (22,32%) e Streptococcus spp. (12,59%) foram os microrganismos mais frequentemente isolados, já os agentes etiológicos ambientais foram esporadicamente isolados. Na avaliação da dinâmica do CMT observou-se que as amostras com resultado positivo no CMT e negativos no exame microbiológico apresentaram tendência a uma redução expressiva dos escores de CMT no momento da coleta subsequente (após 30 dias). Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de realizar educação no processo de ordenha na região, bem como, reforçar a importância do uso do CMT e do exame microbiológico de forma criteriosa no controle da mastite bovina.

Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) concept plays a pivotal role in society and brings new capabilities to different industries. The number of IoT solutions in areas such as transportation and healthcare is increasing and new services are under development. In the last decade, society has experienced a drastic increase in IoT connections. In fact, IoT connections will increase in the next few years across different areas. Conversely, several challenges still need to be faced to enable efficient and secure operations (e.g., interoperability, security, and standards). Furthermore, although efforts have been made to produce datasets composed of attacks against IoT devices, several possible attacks are not considered. Most existing efforts do not consider an extensive network topology with real IoT devices. The main goal of this research is to propose a novel and extensive IoT attack dataset to foster the development of security analytics applications in real IoT operations. To accomplish this, 33 attacks are executed in an IoT topology composed of 105 devices. These attacks are classified into seven categories, namely DDoS, DoS, Recon, Web-based, brute force, spoofing, and Mirai. Finally, all attacks are executed by malicious IoT devices targeting other IoT devices. The dataset is available on the CIC Dataset website.

The present study sought to evaluate the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in blood T lymphocytes during the periparturient period and their relationship with uterine health in dairy cows, as determined by endometrial cytology and serum concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), which are indicators of a negative energy balance. The second objective of this study was to investigate whether the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in T lymphocytes is associated with the serum acute phase-protein haptoglobin concentration during the periparturient period. To address these objectives, 26 clinically healthy dairy cows were used. Peripheral blood was collected 14 days prepartum (T-14), at calving (T0), and 30 days postpartum (T30) to measure the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 in blood T lymphocytes by flow cytometry. In addition, we collected blood at T0, 10 days after parturition (T10), and T30 to obtain serum and determine the serum concentrations of NEFA, BHB, and Hp. Endometrial cytology was performed at T10, 20 days after parturition (T20), and T30. In the present study, we observed higher expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 in T lymphocytes at parturition and in the prepartum period, which could indicate a relationship between these immune checkpoints and immunological tolerance during gestation in dairy cattle. In addition, a negative association between the expression of these immune checkpoints prepartum or at parturition and endometrial cytology at T20 and T30 was observed, indicating the negative implications of these immune response regulators in susceptibility to infections. This finding was further corroborated by the relationship between the serum concentration of haptoglobin and the expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 by T lymphocytes. However, we did not observe a relationship between the indicators of negative energy balance, evaluated by the serum concentrations of BHB and NEFA, and the expression of the immune checkpoint markers studied. Thus, our findings represent an initial step that paves the way for the development of new therapeutic alternatives directed by the host with the objective of increasing the resistance of dairy cattle to infections in this critical period of life.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a calcium nanocompound on the reduction of erosive tooth wear and abrasion. Material and Methods: Bovine enamel specimens (BE), were randomly assigned to the following groups (n = 10): G1 = Calcium mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Ca2+MSNs); G2 = casein phosphopeptide- amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP, 2% CPP-ACP, GC®); G3 = casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP, 2% CPP-ACP + 900 ppm F-, GC®); G4 = sodium fluoride NaF (900 ppm F-, positive control); and G5 = distilled and deionized water (negative control). Each product was applied to the exposed area for one minute, three times per day for three consecutive days, and followed by the immersion of the specimens in Sprite Zero™ - a low-pH solution (2.58) for five minutes (Coca-Cola™). After the first and last erosive challenges of the day, the specimens were submitted to abrasion in a toothbrush machine for 15 seconds (200 g/BE). The specimens were analysed using 3D non-contact optical profilometry, with tooth structure loss (TSL) measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TSL values were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p

We investigated the magnitude of exercise-induced changes in muscular bioenergetics, redox balance, mitochondrial function, and gene expression within 24 h after the exercise bouts performed with different intensities, durations, and execution modes (continuous or with intervals). Sixty-five male Swiss mice were divided into four groups: one control (n = 5) and three experimental groups (20 animals/group), submitted to a forced swimming bout with an additional load (% of animal weight): low-intensity continuous (LIC), high-intensity continuous (HIC), and high-intensity interval (HII). Five animals from each group were euthanized at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h postexercise. Gastrocnemius muscle was removed to analyze the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (Ppargc1a), fusion (Mfn2), fission (Dnm1L), and mitophagy (Park2), as well as inflammation (Nos2) and antioxidant defense (Nfe2l2, GPx1). Lipid peroxidation (TBARS), total peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and citrate synthase (CS) activity were also measured. Lactacidemia was measured from a blood sample obtained immediately postexercise. Lactacidemia was higher the higher the exercise intensity (LIC < HIC < HII), while the inverse was observed for TBARS levels. The CS activity was higher in the HII group than the other groups. The antioxidant activity was higher 24 h postexercise in all groups compared to the control and greater in the HII group than the LIC and HIC groups. The gene expression profile exhibited a particular profile for each exercise protocol, but with some similarities between the LIC and HII groups. Taken together, these results suggest that the intervals applied to high-intensity exercise seem to minimize the signs of oxidative damage and drive the mitochondrial dynamics to maintain the mitochondrial network, similar to low-intensity continuous exercise.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium in patients with cystic fibrosis and hospital acquired infections. It presents a plethora of virulence factors and antioxidant enzymes that help to subvert the immune system. In this study, we identified the 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, alkyl-hydroperoxide reductase C1 (AhpC1), as a relevant scavenger of oxidants generated during inflammatory oxidative burst and a mechanism of P. aeruginosa (PA14) escaping from killing. Deletion of AhpC1 led to a higher sensitivity to hypochlorous acid (HOCl, IC50 3.2 ± 0.3 versus 19.1 ± 0.2 μM), hydrogen peroxide (IC50 91.2 ± 0.3 versus 496.5 ± 6.4 μM) and the organic peroxide urate hydroperoxide. ΔahpC1 strain was more sensitive to the killing by isolated neutrophils and less virulent in a mice model of infection. All mice intranasally instilled with ΔahpC1 survived as long as they were monitored (15 days), whereas 100% wild-type and ΔahpC1 complemented with ahpC1 gene (ΔahpC1 attB:ahpC1) died within 3 days. A significantly lower number of colonies was detected in the lung and spleen of ΔahpC1-infected mice. Total leucocytes, neutrophils, myeloperoxidase activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitrite production and lipid peroxidation were much lower in lungs or bronchoalveolar liquid of mice infected with ΔahpC1. Purified AhpC neutralized the inflammatory organic peroxide, urate hydroperoxide, at a rate constant of 2.3 ± 0.1 × 106 M−1s−1, and only the ΔahpC1 strain was sensitive to this oxidant. Incubation of neutrophils with uric acid, the urate hydroperoxide precursor, impaired neutrophil killing of wild-type but improved the killing of ΔahpC1. Hyperuricemic mice presented higher levels of serum cytokines and succumbed much faster to PA14 infection when compared to normouricemic mice. In summary, ΔahpC1 PA14 presented a lower virulence, which was attributed to a poorer ability to neutralize the oxidants generated by inflammatory oxidative burst, leading to a more efficient killing by the host. The enzyme is particularly relevant in detoxifying the newly reported inflammatory organic peroxide, urate hydroperoxide.

ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought about the unprecedented expansion of highly sensitive molecular diagnostics as a primary infection control strategy. At the same time, many laboratories have shifted focus to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) research and diagnostic development, leading to large-scale production of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids that can interfere with these tests. We have identified multiple instances, in independent laboratories, in which nucleic acids generated in research settings are suspected to have caused researchers to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 in surveillance testing. In some cases, the affected individuals did not work directly with these nucleic acids but were exposed via a contaminated surface or object. Though researchers have long been vigilant of DNA contaminants, the transfer of these contaminants to SARS-CoV-2 testing samples can result in anomalous test results. The impact of these incidents stretches into the public sphere, placing additional burdens on public health resources, placing affected researchers and their contacts in isolation and quarantine, removing them from the testing pool for 3 months, and carrying the potential to trigger shutdowns of classrooms and workplaces. We report our observations as a call for increased stewardship over nucleic acids with the potential to impact both the use and development of diagnostics. IMPORTANCE To meet the challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, research laboratories shifted their focus and clinical diagnostic laboratories developed and utilized new assays. Nucleic acid-based testing became widespread and, for the first time, was used as a prophylactic measure. We report 15 cases of researchers at two institutes testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 on routine surveillance tests, in the absence of any symptoms or transmission. These researchers were likely contaminated with nonhazardous nucleic acids generated in the laboratory in the course of developing new SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. These contaminating nucleic acids were persistent and widespread throughout the laboratory. We report these findings as a cautionary tale to those working with nucleic acids used in diagnostic testing and as a call for careful stewardship of diagnostically relevant molecules. Our conclusions are especially relevant as at-home COVID-19 testing gains traction in the marketplace and these amplicons may impact on the general public.

The aim of this study was to evaluate lactose hydrolysis between two different initial temperatures of enzymatic and fermentation action to improve the fermentation period by checking the components formed and hydrolysis levels of lactose by HPLC. pH and titratable acidity analysis between treatments - higher initial temperature (HIT), 42 ⁰C, and lower initial temperature (LIT), 30 ⁰C - were different (P0,05), respectively. Glucose and galactose remained buoyant during the fermentation period, which indicates its production and consumption at the same time by the lactic acid bacteria involved. The lactic acid concentration in LIT was higher (P

[nota do editor: partitura publicada, transcrições]

Neste artigo, buscamos compreender algumas das técnicas e estratégias empregadas pelo músico Toninho Horta na função de violonista acompanhador, notadamente em sua atuação no disco “Sem Você” (Omagatoki, 1995), realizado em parceria com a cantora Joyce Moreno. Por meio da transcrição e análise de duas versões da canção “Ela é Carioca” (Tom Jobim/Vinicius de Moraes) que constam no referido álbum, investigamos quatro elementos presentes nas duas performances, a saber: 1) reharmonização; 2) manipulação da forma; 3) levadas rítmico-harmônicas ao violão; 4) estratégias de resolução de problemas de ordem técnico-instrumental. Na reflexão empreendida, sublinhou-se o quarto item como característica da execução de Horta que pode indicar novas perspectivas sobre os recursos idiomáticos do violão. Por fim, buscamos comparar a atuação de Horta nos dois takes, a fim de verificar a hipótese de que as performances analisadas possuem caráter improvisado.

Alveolar osteogenic distraction (AOD) is a biological process through which new bone formation occurs between bone segments that are gradually separated by incremental traction. This case report described the oral rehabilitation with dental implants of a patient with a vertical bone defect in the maxillary anterior region using the AOD technique. The patient presented with absence of the teeth 22, 21, 11, and 12 associated with a vertical bone defect. The AOD was performed using a supported osteodistractor device surgically installed with subsequent daily activations. After 21 days, the ideal positioning of bone fragment was confirmed and activation was ceased. Five months after the initial surgery, two dental implants were installed in the region of teeth 12 and 22. An FP3 metal–ceramic prosthesis was installed offering satisfactory esthetic results. In conclusion, the use of AOD to increase the alveolar ridge was effective and ensured rehabilitation with dental implants.

Introduction: The passivity of prosthetic components is one of the most important prerequisites in oral implant rehabilitation for maintenance of osseointegration. Objective: Thus, the present study analyzed in vitro the accuracy of different molding techniques in prosthetic rehabilitation on angled implants installed in an anatomical model of a metallic edentulous maxilla. Methods: Laboratory experiment study. A reference metal model of an edentulous maxilla was used. A metal framework was used for the misadaptation assessment. Three groups (n= 10) were compared and impressions were made with vinyl-polysiloxane and casts were obtained with type IV stone: (1) Impression with a metallic open-tray without splinted transfers; (2) Impression with a metallic open-tray and metal splinted transfers; (3) Impression with a multifunctional guide and metal splinted transfers. Misadaptation was assessed with the aid of a stereomicroscope and measuring software. Data were submitted to ANOVA with Welch correction and the Games-Howell post-hoc test with the significance set at 5 %. Results: Misadaptation (µm) was 110,23 ± 30,94, 37,53 ± 3,92, and 37,69 ± 2,79 for the the groups. Statistically significant differences between impression with a metallic open-tray with and without splinted transfers were observed (p < 0,001). No significant differences between the other types of impression. Conclusions: Impression with a metallic open-tray without splinted transfers and with a multifunctional guide splinted with metal transfers were the most precise methods resulting in higher accuracy in transferred implants.

Tumors are composed of many different cell types including cancer cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Dissecting functional metabolic differences between cell types within a mixed population can be challenging due to the rapid turnover of metabolites relative to the time needed to isolate cells. To overcome this challenge, we traced isotope-labeled nutrients into macromolecules that turn over more slowly than metabolites. This approach was used to assess differences between cancer cell and fibroblast metabolism in murine pancreatic cancer organoid-fibroblast co-cultures and tumors. Pancreatic cancer cells exhibited increased pyruvate carboxylation relative to fibroblasts, and this flux depended on both pyruvate carboxylase and malic enzyme 1 activity. Consequently, expression of both enzymes in cancer cells was necessary for organoid and tumor growth, demonstrating that dissecting the metabolism of specific cell populations within heterogeneous systems can identify dependencies that may not be evident from studying isolated cells in culture or bulk tissue.

O presente artigo aborda a avaliação da usabilidade em websites de editoras universitárias das regiões Sul, Centro-Oeste e Norte do Brasil, trata-se de parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla, em andamento, com o objetivo de fomentar um estudo do panorama geral da situação dos websites das editoras universitárias no âmbito nacional. A metodologia empregada nesse estudo foi uma pesquisa quali-quantitava, com aplicação da metodologia para avaliação de usabilidade em ambientes digitais desenvolvida por Lima (2012). Os dados foram coletados nas páginas web de editoras universitárias, utilizando seus recursos de navegação. Os resultados estão expostos em gráficos para facilitar a apreciação, seguidos de análise de cada dos itens expostos, bem como de seus índices. Os resultados indicam uma insuficiência em atender de forma ideal as três frentes de estudo (eficiência, eficácia e satisfação), mas indicam que, de forma geral, os números apresentam um panorama positivo, demonstrando a contribuição das editoras universitárias das regiões Sul, Centro-Oeste e Norte do Brasil no meio em que se inserem.

Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are valuable versatile compounds that can be used as metabolites for nutrition and health, as well as feedstocks for biofuel production. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the favored microbial cell factory for industrial production of biochemicals, it does not produce large amounts of lipids and TAGs comprise only ~1% of its cell dry weight. Here, we engineered S. cerevisiae to reorient its metabolism for overproduction of TAGs, by regulating lipid droplet associated-proteins involved in TAG synthesis and hydrolysis. We implemented a push-and-pull strategy by overexpressing genes encoding a deregulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ACC1S659A/S1157A (ACC1**), as well as the last two steps of TAG formation: phosphatidic phosphatase (PAH1) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGA1), ultimately leading to 129 mg∙gCDW−1 of TAGs. Disruption of TAG lipase genes TGL3, TGL4, TGL5 and sterol acyltransferase gene ARE1 increased the TAG content to 218 mg∙gCDW−1. Further disruption of the beta-oxidation by deletion of POX1, as well as glycerol-3-phosphate utilization through deletion of GUT2, did not affect TAGs levels. Finally, disruption of the peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA transporter PXA1 led to accumulation of 254 mg∙gCDW−1. The TAG levels achieved here are the highest titer reported in S. cerevisiae, reaching 27.4% of the maximum theoretical yield in minimal medium with 2% glucose. This work shows the potential of using an industrially established and robust yeast species for high level lipid production.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the micropropagation of blackberry (Rubus spp.) cultivars, after in vitro conservation under minimal growth conditions. Nodal segments of the 'Guarani', 'Caingangue', 'Ébano', and 'Xavante' genotypes were conserved under minimal growth conditions at 20ºC, for 15 months. Microshoots were regenerated and multiplied by up to five successive subcultures, when they were rooted and acclimatized. After 30 days of acclimatization in a greenhouse, rooted plantlets showed no significant losses. Blackberry cultivars can be conserved in vitro for 15 months, without subcultures and, after this time, they can be micropropagated on a large-scale, maintaining the regenerative potential and multiplication.

Assuring access to high-quality water for its multiple uses is increasingly difficult and relevant, as climate changes are gradually altering the hydrologic cycle and impacting traditional and well-established techniques of water resource management. This manuscript proposes a methodology to assess the impact of climatic variability in pre-established management rules, using spatially interpolated rain gauged data for two future emission scenarios. With them, water allocation and water quality parameters are simulated for the Piracicaba, Capivari, and Jundiaí watersheds (PCJ watersheds) in São Paulo, Brazil, employing comparisons among scenarios of historical and climate modified hydrological series. Five selected water quality indicators are used to confirm that the introduction of climate variation signals worsens water quality parameters, along with a decrease in the capability to meet water demand. This finding suggests the importance of including climate change impact in similar studies in management plans. The results indicate higher stress levels on the watershed when changes in the hydrological regime are introduced by the future conditions modeled and driven by the regional climate model (RCM). Water availability decreases and water quality deteriorates, indicating that stakeholders must take action to progressively implement stricter control measures to achieve the goals established by the watershed master plan regarding the limits or classification set by the body governing the watershed in question. On average, there was an increase of about four times the amount of river stretches (in kilometres), from 29.6 km to 161.9 km outside the limits of the established framework. The average was taken for all parameters as presented in the discussion.

Neste artigo procuramos construir um arcabouço teórico que possa auxiliar no estudo das dinâmicas internas inerentes ao contexto de improvisação em música popular instrumental, notadamente no que se refere ao jazz e à música brasileira popular instrumental. As considerações expostas podem servir como suportes conceituais para o processo analítico de casos encontrados nessas diferentes realidades técnico-estéticas, uma vez que, de maneira geral, abordamos elementos e comportamentos observados em práticas disseminadas dentro das vertentes supracitadas. Buscamos propor um olhar reflexivo sobre o objeto artístico a partir de conceitos provenientes de um modelo analítico interdisciplinar, que tem na Sistêmica a sua principal sustentação.

Neste artigo tratamos das ramificações geradas a partir da experiência de Hermeto Pascoal junto ao seu grupo, nos atentando especificamente aos trabalhos realizados pelos músicos Itiberê Zwarg, Jovino Santos Neto e André Marques. Para tanto, buscamos apoio nas ciências humanas, no intuito de organizar as descrições e compreender elementos musicais, estéticos e sociais presentes nessa experiência global. Tomando como alicerce os conceitos de “relação associativa” (Weber, 1994) e “rede” (Bauman e May, 2010), tratamos das duas diferentes acepções possíveis acerca da expressão “Escola Jabour”; tal exposição nos auxilia na reflexão acerca do alcance da obra de Pascoal, principalmente a partir de seu trabalho com o grupo que se estabeleceu entre os anos de 1981 e 1993. Por fim, procuramos evidenciar características que possam denotar as ramificações verificadas como uma “escola”, ou uma corrente estilística.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are relatively rare lesions of mesenchymal origin, being more frequent in the stomach and small intestine. These are clinically asymptomatic lesions, and in advanced stages may present with nausea, vomiting, bleeding, abdominal pain, a palpable mass, and even intestinal obstruction. The only effective treatment consists of a complete tumor resection. We report two cases of GIST located in the distal rectum and evaluated with three-dimensional anorectal ultrasonography, a procedure of great value in identifying the size of the lesion, its involvement toward nearby structures and lymph node invasion. Resumo: Os tumores estromais do trato gastrointestinal (GIST) são lesões relativamente raras de origem mesenquimal, sendo mais frequentes no estômago e intestino delgado. Clinicamente, são lesões assintomáticas e em estados avançados podem cursar com náusea, vômito, sangramento, dor abdominal, massa palpável e até obstrução intestinal. O único tratamento efetivo é a ressecção completa do tumor. Relatamos dois casos de GIST localizados no reto distal e avaliados com ultra-sonografia anorretal tridimensional, que se apresenta de grande valia na identificação do tamanho da lesão, acometimento de estruturas vizinhas e invasão linfonodal. Keywords: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor, CD 34, CD 117, Palavras-chave: Tumor estromal gastrointestinal, CD 34, CD 117

To understand the molecular processes triggered during the different steps of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in oil palm, the expression of 19 genes associated to SE identified in proteomic and transcriptomic studies was investigated by qRT-PCR. To evaluate the differential expression of these genes, two interspecific hybrid genotypes (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis) contrasting for the acquisition of embryogenic competence were used. Aclorophyllated leaves of both hybrids, one responsive (B351733) and the other non-responsive (B352933) to SE were submitted to callus induction and collected at different time points: 0 (before induction), 14, 30, 90 and 150 days of callus induction (doi). The results obtained showed that all evaluated genes were downregulated at 14 doi in the responsive genotype when compared to the non-responsive. It was also possible to observe that most of the genes changed their expression behavior at 30 doi and were upregulated thereafter until 150 doi, with the exception of the pathogenesis-related PRB1-3-like (PRB1-3) gene, which did not show differential expression at 30 doi and was downregulated at 90 and 150 doi when compared to the non-responsive hybrid. These results indicate that 30 doi is a turning point in gene expression, probably associated to embryogenic competence acquisition. We also show that the expression behavior of the responsive genotype is more stable than that of the non-responsive when the different induction time points are compared to 0 doi (before induction). Moreover, the results obtained in this study corroborate our hypothesis that the regulation of genes involved in the control of oxidative stress and energy metabolism are crucial for the acquisition of embryogenic competence in oil palm.

Objetivou-se no presente estudo avaliar o comportamento da E. coli O157:H7 durante o processo de hidrólise da lactose e fermentação de iogurte tradicional e com teor reduzido de lactose. Além disso, objetivou-se verificar a viabilidade da E. coli O157:H7 e a viabilidade das bactérias ácido láticas após 12 h de estocagem a 4 °C ±1 °C. Dois diferentes tipos de iogurte com amostras controle e amostras inoculadas foram preparados, sendo dois com leite integral e dois com leite integral pré-hidrolisado; em ambos os grupos um foi inoculado com E. coli O157:H7 e um não foi inoculado. A sobrevivência da E. coli e o pH dos iogurtes foram determinados durante a fermentação e após 12h de refrigeração. A partir dos resultados observou-se que a E. coli O157:H7 foi capaz de se multiplicar ou manter-se viável durante a fermentação (4,34 UFC.mL-1 para 6,13 UFC.mL-1 no iogurte tradicional e 4,34 UFC.mL-1 para 6,16 log UFC.mL-1em iogurte com lactose reduzida). Nas amostras inoculadas com E. coli O157:H7 houve formação de gás e sinérese. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que a E. coli O157:H7 foi capaz de sobreviver e de se multiplicar durante a fermentação afetando a tecnologia de fabricação. Além disso, a contaminação do leite antes da adição das BAL reduziu o crescimento de L. bulgaricus e S. Thermophilus, especialmente quando associado à redução da lactose. Palavras-chave: ?-galactosidase; bactérias ácido láticas; EHEC; hidrólise da lactose; leite fermentado.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavior of E. coli O157:H7 during lactose hydrolysis and fermentation of traditional and low lactose yogurt. It also aimed to verify E. coli O157:H7 survival after 12 h of storage at 4 °C ±1 °C. Two different types of yogurts were prepared, two with whole milk and two with pre-hydrolyzed whole milk; in both groups one yogurt was inoculated with E. coliO157:H7 and the other one was not inoculated. The survival of E. coli and pH of yogurt were determined during fermentation and after 12-h refrigeration. The results showed that E. coli O157:H7 was able to grow during the fermentation period (from 4.34 log CFU.mL-1 to 6.13 log CFU.mL-1 in traditional yogurt and 4.34 log CFU.mL-1 to 6.16 log CFU.mL-1 in low lactose yogurt). The samples with E. coli O157:H7 showed gas formation and syneresis. Thus, E. coli O157:H7 was able to survive and grow during fermentation of traditional and low lactose yogurts affecting the manufacture technology. Moreover, milk contamination by E. coli before LAB addition reduces the growth of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus especially when associated with reduction of lactose content Keywords: β-galactosidase; EHEC; fermented milk; lactic acid bacteria; lactose hydrolysis.

Introduction: The prevalence of fecal incontinence (FI) has increased in recent decades, due to an aging population; and result in negative impacts on quality of life. Therefore, it is essential to search for an effective treatment in order to minimize the morbidity caused by incontinence. Objective: To evaluate the effect of perineal training in the treatment of patients with fecal incontinence by biofeedback. Method: This is a prospective study which evaluated 85 patients with FI from January 2009 to January 2014, at the Coloproctology outpatient clinic of the Hospital São Lucas/Cascavel, Paraná. Results: Mean age was 47 years and the duration of treatment ranged from 5 to 25 sessions (mean, 13 sessions). From the women involved in the study, 70% (50) had vaginal deliveries and 34 (40%) participants were submitted to some orificial surgery. The FI score at baseline was 10.79 (6–17) and post-treatment FI was 2 (0–14) (p

Os estudos das comunidades vegetais ao longo do tempo são fundamentais para a predição de suas trajetórias frente a distúrbios, portanto, para sua conservação. Dessa forma, este estudo objetivou avaliar a composição florística, riqueza, diversidade e estrutura da comunidade lenhosa em uma área de cerrado sensu stricto na Fazenda Água Limpa, Brasília, DF num período de 27 anos. Inventários contínuos foram conduzidos a cada três anos em 19 parcelas permanentes de 1.000 m² (20 × 50 m) e, neste período, quatro eventos de fogo ocorreram no local. Os episódios de queimada não contribuíram com mudanças significativas em níveis de riqueza e diversidade na comunidade lenhosa ao longo de todo o período de estudo. Ao contrário, têm contribuído para a estabilidade florística e estrutural da comunidade, uma vez que a abundância e a densidade da comunidade se modificaram consideravelmente após período longo de exclusão do fogo. A supressão do fogo por períodos mais longos do que os ocorridos poderá conduzir a mudanças florísticas e estruturais importantes na comunidade estudada.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta considerações acerca das movimentações sociais que eclodiram pelo Brasil em junho de 2013, vistas sob a perspectiva da Análise Institucional. Assume-se posição implicada, ressaltando a relação das contradições inerentes à urbanidade evidenciadas como operadores analíticos, reconhecendo atravessamentos à produção de subjetividade no meio urbano e seus paradoxos. Lança olhar à micropolítica das forças instituintes desejantes e sociais expressadas nas ruas, apresentando focos possíveis às lutas coletivas por transformação. Por fim, destaca-se a possibilidade de contribuições das reflexões construídas pelos diversos saberes, abrindo caminho para novas interrogações na invenção de outras análises e movimentos. Palavras-chave: Psicologia Institucional; Manifestações Públicas – Brasil; Movimentos de Protesto; Cidade; Subjetividade. ABSTRACT This article presents considerations concerning the social movements that erupted in Brazil, June 2013, viewed from the Institutional Analysis perspective. Assuming an implicated position, emphasizing the relationship of the contradictions inherent to urbanity evidenced as analyzers, recognizing crossings in the production of subjectivity in the urban environment and their paradoxes. It looks at the micro-politics of the desiring and socially instituting forces expressed in the streets, as a possible focus on collective struggles for transformation. Finally it highlights the possibility of contributions from various knowledge forms, showing the way for new questions in the invention of other analyses and movements. Keywords: Institutional Psychology; Public Demonstrations – Brazil; Protest Movements; City; Subjectivity.

Os estudos das comunidades vegetais ao longo do tempo são fundamentais para a predição de suas trajetórias frente a distúrbios, portanto, para sua conservação. Dessa forma, este estudo objetivou avaliar a composição florística, riqueza, diversidade e estrutura da comunidade lenhosa em uma área de cerrado sensu stricto na Fazenda Água Limpa, Brasília, DF num período de 27 anos. Inventários contínuos foram conduzidos a cada três anos em 19 parcelas permanentes de 1.000 m² (20 × 50 m) e, neste período, quatro eventos de fogo ocorreram no local. Os episódios de queimada não contribuíram com mudanças significativas em níveis de riqueza e diversidade na comunidade lenhosa ao longo de todo o período de estudo. Ao contrário, têm contribuído para a estabilidade florística e estrutural da comunidade, uma vez que a abundância e a densidade da comunidade se modificaram consideravelmente após período longo de exclusão do fogo. A supressão do fogo por períodos mais longos do que os ocorridos poderá conduzir a mudanças florísticas e estruturais importantes na comunidade estudada.