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Late Avar period cemeteries in Croatia, although very important, have notbeen properly published. One of the recently excavated cemeteries locatedin Nuštar, Eastern Croatia, yielded several circular attire brooches/clasps, also known as zagraffes. Beside these, only one more is known from the ter- ritory of Croatia, found in Draž (Baranja) and kept in the Hungarian Nation-al Museum. Female graves tend to be left in the shadow of elite warrior’sgraves, although those also provide valuable data. This paper will examinethe question of grave assemblages in graves with clothing clasps in con-texts of gender and age, and try to explain the symbolic level of the role ofthese females in society.

This paper presents the results of the rescue archaeological investigation of the Šarengrad - Klopare site in eastern Croatia. The elevated position of the site overlooking the Danube River indicates it served as a military outpost on the southern borders of the khaganate during the Late Avar Period. Recent excavations revealed the presence of 84 graves dated between the 7th and the 9th century CE. Most of the burials are typical Late Avar Period inhumations. However, in 2019, cremation burials associated with a Slavic population were also registered. As such, Šarengrad - Klopare is the first recorded early medieval cemetery with bi-ritual burial practices on the territory of continental Croatia. The archaeological context and radiocarbon dates strongly suggest that these two populations (the Avars and the Slavs) used this location as a burial ground simultaneously. The paper provides the information on demography, health, diet and mobility of the Avar population inhabiting Šarengrad through a comprehensive bioarchaeological and isotopic analysis of human skeletal remains. Results indicate that the studied population was characterized by relatively high subadult mortality, while a complete absence of perimortem injuries points to a low level of intentional violence with injuries primarily occurring as a result of accidents. Additionally, carbon and nitrogen isotopic data suggest a community level consistency in access to food resources. The isotopic compositions include a larger proportion of C3 and only limited C4 plant resources (

If we leave elite Late Avar period warrior burials aside what story can be told from female perspective? Repertory of finds from Late Avar period female graves is rather modest, therefore every little exception makes a difference. Female graves are often considered to be reflection of their male equivalents and luxurious objects are symbols of stabile economy. One of such finds are crescent shaped lunular earrings which have not been in focus since the last one dealing with those being Z. Čilinská in the last century. Crescent shaped lunular earrings with star shaped pendant occur on several Avar period sites in Croatia, both in graves as well as surface finds. We can distinguish two types: top notch specimens made in silver or bronze and 357 casted bronze imitations. High quality products must have been made in a very well organized workshop ; imitations could have been local products. Possible existence of a highly specialized workshop raises the question of the role of the microregion in 8th century Khaganate. This work has been developed under project Life on the Roman road: communications, trade and identities on Roman roads in Croatia from 1st – 8th CE (Croatian Scientific Foundation ; UIP-05-2017-9768). 9 IN THE CONTACT

In the investigated burials in northern Croatia, this type of find is numerically statistically negligible, but it certainly forms an important detail in the forming of the mosaic of finds as well as the mapping of similar finds. The paper will present the finds of earrings with S-shaped ends and will compare them with the contemporaneous finds of Avaria.

Ceste u rimsko doba bile su arterije samog Carstva. Povezivale su provincije i gradove, a bez njih Rimljani nisu mogli ni osvojiti ni zadržati područja kojima su vladali. Rimske ceste, stvorile su poveznice po kojima je u razdobljima nakon propasti Carstva organiziran život i osnivana naselja. Inženjerske i geodetske vještine Rimljana pružile su temelj mnogim današnjim rutama. Interdisciplinarnim pristupom arheološkim istraživanjima, analizom arheološkog materijala uspostavni projekt Život na rimskoj cesti pokušava prikazati kako je organiziran život na rimskoj cesti. Ovom prilikom predstavljamo dio rezultata postignutih u četiri godine projekta.

The paper will present known finds of belt sets from the Avar period with emphasis on strapends and mounts with lion depictions. According to the research made by Fancsalszky Gábor these were found in 21 sites which spread along the Tisza and Danube rivers. This concentration was observed on the northern border of the Khaganate, but some finds are known from other sites as well. During archaeological rescue excavations at the site of Nuštar Dvorac in eastern Croatia, in grave no. 34, a belt set was found which consisted of a strap end and mounts with lion depictions, among other belt set parts. The best analogies came from graves nos. 63 and 72 from Komarno – Schiffswerftin, a site that is at a distance of almost 400 km away. This spatial distribution of similar belt sets overlaps with some other specific finds and combined togetherthey indicate trading routes. This brings up the second part of my presentation, and that is the questionof production and distribution of this type of belt set.

Rezultati novijih istraživanja iz vremena seobe naroda na prostoru rimskih Cibala.

Tis paper provides information about specific forms of seasonal settlements in eastern Croatia throughout the centuries. We can observe a pattern from the Roman period up to modern times that reflects a long-lasting tradition of separated estates

Presentation about food offering in avar graves.

U disertaciji se obrađuje vremenski (avarodobno) i prostorno (međuriječje Bosuta, Vuke i Dunava) ograničena skupina nalaza i nalazišta. Prema dostupnim podatcima avarodobni nalazi s kojima raspolažemo u najvećoj mjeri vežu se uz razdoblje 8. stoljeća, međutim pojedini nalazi pripadaju i ranijem, ali kasnijem periodu, tako da apsolutni vremenski okvir možemo definirati od 650. do 850. godine. Prostor sagledan u disertaciji predstavlja sjeverni dio Vukovarsko-srijemske županije, omeđen rijekom Bosut na jugu, rijekom Vukom na zapadu i rijekom Dunav na sjeveru, te državnom granicom na istoku. Nalazišta će se sagledati do topografske razine u cilju dobivanja obrasca korištenja prostora; ti podatci predstavljat će osnovu za daljnja ciljana istraživanja lokaliteta ovog razdoblja, kao u navedenom prostoru, tako i šire, a napose u neposrednoj okolici. Pokretni nalazi iz grobova i naselja, kao i slučajni nalazi će se stilski, tipološki i kronološki klasificirati u odnosu na druge poznate i objavljene nalaze. Ovaj rad primjenom novih metodoloških pristupa problematici pruža presjek kulturoloških, gospodarskih i političkih promjena na definiranom prostoru južne granice avarske države. The dissertation deals with the time (Avar period) and spatial (interfluves of rivers Bosut, Vuka and Danube) limited group of finds and sites. According to available data Avar Period finds from this area are mostly associated with the period of the 8th century, however, some of them belonging an earlier or later stage, so that the absolute time frame can be defined from 650th to 850th. Space considered in the dissertation represents the northern part of Vukovar-Srijem County, bordered by the river Bosut in the south, Vuka river in the west and the River Danube in the north, and the state border in the east. The sites will be seen to topographic levels in order to obtain a form of using the space; these data will represent the basis for further targeted research of this period sites, as in the aforementioned area, and beyond, especially in the immediate vicinity. Small finds from the graves and settlements, as well as change finds will be stylish, typological and chronological classified compared to other known and published. This work by applying new methodological approach to the issue provides a cross-section of cultural, economic and political change on a defined area of the southern boundary of the Avar state.

U radu se donose novi podaci kojima arheološka struka raspolaže više od pola stoljeća nakon prve sinteze nalaza i nalazišta u Srijemu iz vremena Velike seobe naroda. Iako članak dr. Vinskog i dalje predstavlja okosnicu za sve istraživače ovog vremena na ovom prostoru, brojne nove spoznaje upućuju na nešto drugačiju sliku života u tom razdoblju na navedenom prostoru.

Preliminary report about finding of avar period graves at Vinkovci town cemetery.

Cilj broj deset projekta Život na rimskoj cesti – komunikacije, trgovina i identiteti na rimskim cestama u Hrvatskoj od 1. do 8. st. LRR (UIP-05-2017-9768) je prezentacija i popularizacija znanosti. U svakoj godini projekta planirana je organizacija radionica i aktivnosti namijenjene popularizaciji znanosti. Radionice, predavanja i prezentacije namijenjene su za djecu i odrasle koji su zainteresirani za arheologiju, a posebno rimski i avarski svijet. Uz direktan kontakt sa zainteresiranom publikom na mrežnim stranicama projekta te na društvenim profilima objavljuju se zanimljivosti pronađene tokom znanstvenog rada, kao što su citati iz antičkih izvora, novi nalazi i slične „arheološke crtice“ koje privlače i znanstvenu i širu publiku.

Knjiga sažetaka međunarodnog znanstvenog skupa

Through stray finds density in topography of avar period rises rapidly.

S početkom 2018. godine, započeo je projekt Život na rimskoj cesti – komunikacije, trgovina i identiteti na rimskim cestama u Hrvatskoj od 1. do 8. st. (UIP-05-2017-9768) (voditeljica Ivana Ožanić Roguljić) kojeg financira Hrvatska zaklada za znanost, a izvodi se pri Institututu za arheologiju u Zagrebu. U prvoj godini projekta provodile su se istraživačke, diseminacijske, popularizacijske i edukacijske aktivnosti. Prva aktivnost projekta bio je terenski pregled općine Čepin te prostora uz naselje Josipovac., The beginning of 2018 was the starting date of Life on the Roman Road: Communications, trade and identities on the Roman roads in Croatia from the 1st to the 8th century (UIP-05-2017-9768) (led by Ivana Ožanić Roguljić), a project financed by the Croatian Science Foundation and executed at the Institute of Archaeology in Zagreb. The first year of the project was dedicated to research, dissemination, popularising and educational activities. The first activity of the project was the on-site inspection of the Čepin municipality and of the area next to the Josipovac.

According to historical sources during second Gepidic occupation of Pannonia Secunda, along with capital Sirmium, Cibalae was second most important stronghold, the most western one. Finds of urban degradation, new types of dwellings and intra muros burials, along with continuity in pottery workshops proves the life continuity in 5th and 6th century. This paper presents general picture of historical and archaeological sources with emphasis on some small finds and selected pottery types.

Posterom su predstavljeni prvi rezultati i radovi nastali u sklopu projekta "Život na rimskoj cesti" (IARH, HRZZ).

Results of archaeological Late Avar period glass beads analysis using methods such as inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and particle induced X-ray emission.

Ceste u rimsko doba bile su arterije samog Carstva. Povezivale su provincije i gradove, a bez njih Rimljani nisu mogli niti osvojiti niti zadržati se na područjima kojima su vladali. Rimske ceste stvorile su poveznice po kojima je u razdobljima nakon propasti Carstva organiziran život i osnivana su naselja. Inženjerske i geodetske vještine Rimljana pružile su temelj mnogim današnjim rutama. Život na nekim rimskim cestama nastavio se i nakon pada Carstva i nije prestao do danas. Glavni cilj projekta je interpretacija svakodnevnog života na rimskoj cesti, od početka rimske vlasti do razdoblja propasti, akulturacije i integracije novih identiteta. Ovaj projekt nudi priliku za novu perspektivu: kako se život razvija oko rimskih cesta i staze tijekom glavne upotrebe cesta i nakon što je završio? Život uz ceste se nastavlja čak i nakon što je klasično razdoblje rimskoga života prošlo, a bivše rimske pokrajine su međusobno povezane s narodima različitih pozadina i podrijetla.Duh rimskog načina života ostaje snažan stoljećima nakon propasti i pada rimske države. Taj razvoj / proces možemo pratiti u arheološkom materijalu i stoljećima kasnije, a dvojnost je zapanjujuća: s jedne strane, rimska kultura, u njenom promijenjenom obliku – snažno prilagođena novim povijesnim okolnostima i procesima – živi zahvaljujući ljudima i zajednicama koje podržavaju Romanski identitet kao vlastiti ; S druge strane, izravni nasljednik rimske, mediteranske / bizantske kulture i identiteta snažno utječe (izravno i neizravno) i definira srednjevjekovnu materijalnu kulturu koju su stvorile nove populacije s potpuno različitim identitetima, ali smješteni u bivšim rimskim teritorijima / pokrajinama. Obje perspektive su fokus projekta, s različitih gledišta.U LRR projektu rimske ceste će se proučavati kao osnovna arterija rimskog svijeta, ali i kao metafora uvođenja, prihvaćanja rimskog načina života. Nakon propasti rimskog svijeta rimske ceste predstavljaju metaforu baštine i tradicije onoga što je nekada bilo veliko carstvo. Projekt je financiran od Hrvatske zaklade za znanost, traje od 01.01.2018. do 31.12.2018.

Druga sezona zaštitnih istraživanja kasnoavarodobnoga groblja na redove Šarengrad – Klopare potvrdila je te obogatila dosadašnje spoznaje o razdoblju 8. stoljeća u Hrvatskome Podunavlju. Istraživanja su bila usmjerena na površinu groblja koja se pruža u nastavku sonde I prema istoku te su rezultirala otkrićem novih redova groblja s izuzetno bogato opremljenim grobovima, pri čemu se izdvaja otkriće drvene grobne arhitekture u nekoliko grobova. U iznimno duboko ukopanim grobnim rakama pronađeni su pokopi konjanika s konjima te grob ratnika s palašem i pojasnom garniturom, dok su u grobovima žena zabilježeni predmeti nakita od kojih se izdvajaju srebrne lunulaste naušnice sa zvjezdolikim privjeskom. Pronađeno je i nekoliko dječjih ukopa za koje su karakteristične pliće ukopane grobne rake. Istraživanjima je definiran smjer pružanja groblja koje za sada predstavlja prvo arheološki istraživano kasnovarodobno groblje u Hrvatskome Podunavlju., The second season of the rescue archaeological excavation of the Late Avar period cemetery on the Šarengrad – Klopare site confirmed and enriched the knowledge of period of the 8th century in the Croatian Danube Region. The research was focused on the area of the cemetery stretching to the east, resulting in the discovery of new rows of burials (Fig. 1–2) with extremely richly equipped graves (Fig. 3–5), highlighting the discovery of grave wooden architecture in several graves (Fig. 6). The deceased were laid in very deep grave pits (Fig. 3). The most prominent are burials of horsemen with horses and their equipment (Figs. 4–5) and a grave of warrior with a single-edge curved sword and belt set were found (Fig. 9; 12). Females are accompanied by objects of costume and jewellery as well as items for everyday use. Outstanding are silver lunulus earrings (Fig. 11). Several children’s burials were also found, characterized by shallow buried grave pits. Ceramic vessels and remains of animal bones testify to the funeral ritual (Fig. 7). The research has defined the direction of the spreading of the cemetery, which for the time being is the first archeologically investigated Late Avar cemetery dated to the 8th century in the Croatian Danube Region.

The Vinkovci Museum model in cooperation with metal detectorists.

Presentation about statistic of finds with and without usage of metal detector on an archaeological excavation.

A case of a hydrocephalus was identified in early modern age cemetery located around the chapel of St. Anna in Nuštar, eastern Croatia. Skeletal remains belong to a child younger than 1 year. Abnormal and enlarged morphology and increased cranial capacity are indicative of the hydrocephalus. Along with enlarged cranium, macroscopic analysis of the remains revealed set of lesions both on the skull and the long bones. In our study we focus on changes on both cranial and postcranial remains in order to better understand anatomical and behavioural consequences of hydrocephalus. We will include a thorough differential diagnosis of athological features in order to establish their relationship to hydrocephalus. Furthermore, the observed case will provide additional information about the health conditions in the community from Nuštar, given that despite its condition, the child was buried along other members of the community.

Finds of so called yellow poterry ceramic vessels in Avar period graves around Vinkovci are being presented.

This paper examines the question of a group of artefacts found in Late Avar period graves in Eastern Croatia. The artefacts in questionare of an earlier origin, dating from prehistory to Byzantine period, therefore they can be referred as antiquities. The assumption wasthat the antiquities had primarily magical purpose, but many of them were found as if they were used practically, in their original pur- pose. That brought to the light new questions which we will try to answer in this paper. In the Avar period society, who were the con-sumers of such practice? Can we relate these objects to funeral practices or were they used during the lifespan and then just depositedin graves? Nevertheless, antiquities can be seen as healing charms, protective amulets, object with occult power and demonic magic.

The analysis was carried out on five equid skeletons from Avar Period graves from the following Croatian sites: grave 88 at Stari Jankovci (AD 650-750), grave 4 at Otok - Gradina (AD 750-840), grave 16 from the same site (8th century), graves 4 and 5 at Khuen-Belasi Castle in Nuštar (end of 8th – beginning of 9th century). Based on morphological characteristics of some bones, the skeleton in Stari Jankovci grave 88 was identified to be a possible mule (average withers height 129 cm, age 3.5-4 years), while skeletal remains from the other four graves indicated that they were from horse. Horses from Otok - Gradina grave 4 (age 6 years) and grave 16 (10-year-old mare) as well as Nuštar grave 5 horse (age 7 years) were of medium withers height (139 cm). The tallest was the horse from Nuštar grave 4 with an average height of 143 cm (age 5.5-6 years). We found evidence of pathological changes in the horse spine in Nuštar grave: thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae, spondylosis ankylopoetica on the first two lumbar vertebrae and spondylosis chronica deformans on four thoracic vertebrae and one lumbar vertebra. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of Avar Period equid skeletons from sites in present-day Croatia and shows that they are similar to other Avar Period horse burials in the region.

rezultatai rada Ivane Iskre-Janošić na području srednjovjekovne arheologije.

Medieval estate Zablaće is mentioned in several historical sources, and as such has been researched by historians several times. Due to lack of information in those sources this estate was generally situated in the area western from Vinkovci, but eastern from Ivankovo. Archaeological finds from this area and medieval period were known for a longer period, but recently conducted archaeological excavations once again brought these finds in focus. Combination of historian and archaeological data allowed us to place this small medieval estate into space much more precisely than up to now, allowing archaeologist to know the name of the site in medieval period. In this paper combination of topographical, historical and archaeological data about one site shall be presented.

U zaštitnim istraživanja nalazišta Šarengrad – Klopare otkriveno je kosturno groblje na redove koje se, na osnovi pronađenih nalaza, može datirati u kasnoavarski period. Groblje je smješteno na strmoj padini visoke lesne grede koja se od Dunava spušta prema surduku Klopare. Na tom je položaju 2006. godine pri eksploataciji zemlje za uređenje obale Dunava uništen nepoznati broj grobova iz kojih su sačuvane samo dvije keramičke posude. Pokojnici su položeni u iznimno duboko ukopane grobne rake te su uz njih pronađeni predmeti nošnje i nakita te za svakodnevnu uporabu, dok popudbini pripadaju nalazi keramičkih posuda i nalazi životinjskih kostiju. Veličinom grobnih raka izdvajaju se tri ukopa konjanika s konjima te njihovom opremom. Na osnovi pronađenih nalaza, istraženi dio groblja Šarengrad – Klopare može se datirati u 8. stoljeće te predstavlja prvo arheološki istraženo kasnovarodobno groblje na prostoru Hrvatskoga Podunavlja, odnosno radi se o jednom od najistaknutijih avarodobnih nalazišta u južnoj Panoniji.

Katalog izložbe "Kasnoavarodobno groblje..." donosi pregled 22 istražena groba kasnoavarskog groblja u Otoku kraj Vinkovaca, uz povijest istraživanja, analizu i interpretaciju najatraktivnijih grobova te kronološke odrednice istraženog dijela groblja.

Results of destructive and non-destructive analysis of avar period glass beads.

Preliminarni rezultati obrade priloga keramičkih lonaca na kasnoavarodobnom groblju Nuštar Dvorac.

Analysis of graves in which grave goods, or archeological gender, does not correspodent with results of anthropolgical analysis.

Mikro- i makroarheobotaničke analize odabranih kasnoavarodobnih grobova s arheološkog nalazišta Nuštar provedene su kako bi se otkrila interakcija između pogrebnih običaja i biljaka kasnoavarodobnog (710.–810.) stanovništva u istočnoj Hrvatskoj. Tijekom istraživanja iz grobova je prikupljeno 108 uzoraka tla i sedimenta ; zbog velike količine zemlje uzorci su prikupljani s različitih dubina i položaja unutar zapuna. Osim toga, prikupljeno je i nešto malo manje od 100 cijelih posuda sa sadržajem. Dvadeset uzoraka iz zapuna grobova za makroarheobotaničke analize, kao i deset uzoraka zemlje iz posuda za mikroarheobotaničke analize izabrano je prema “razlikovnom ključu” (uzorci iz svih spolnih i dobnih skupina, te različitih tipova ukopa). Nijedan od uzoraka nije sadržavao velike količine sjemena ili ostataka plodova ; općenito ih se sve može obilježiti kao loše arheobotaničke cjeline. Identificirani biljni makroostaci odnose se na šest različitih žitarica i tri različite vrste korova. Žitarice čine 67, 31% ukupnog uzorka, korov čini 12, 50%, a preostalih 15, 38% hranu. Fitolitske analize pokazale su prisutnost fitolita povezanih sa žitaricama, ali većina uzoraka smatra se sterilnim. Na osnovi mikro- i makroarheobotaničkih istraživanja odabranih grobova kasnoavarodobnog groblja možemo pretpostaviti da upotreba biljaka u pogrebnim običajima na arheološkom nalazištu Nuštar nije igrala značajnu ulogu. U svjetlu prethodno proučavanih kasnoavarodobnih naselja i groblja u zemljopisnom okruženju (Karpatska kotlina i srednje Podunavlje) čini nam se da su u slučaju obrednog i grobnog konteksta proizvodi životinjskog podrijetla možda imali važniju ulogu.

Usporedba arheoloških i povijesnih izvora o posjedu Zablaće.

According to historical sources during second Gepidic occupation of Pannonia Secunda, along with capital Sirmium, Cibalae was second most important stronghold, the most western one. Finds of urban degradation, new types of dwellings and intra muros burials, along with continuity in pottery workshops proves the life continuity in 5th and 6th century. This paper presents general picture of historical and archaeological sources with emphasis on some small finds and selected pottery types.

Colonia Aurelia Cibalae, Roman town preceding Vinkovci, was third largest settlement in province Pannonia Secunda ; in 1st century, gained municipal status in 2nd and colonial status in 3rd century. In Croatian archaeology and historiography a thesis that Cibalae were burned and destroyed to ground at the end of 4th century was ingrained from 19th century onwards. Evaluation of old finds and records, combined with results gained through archaeological excavations changed this perception. According to these results we can now state that life in Cibalae continued well into 6th century. This period is of particular interest because the finds testify that “Late Antique” basis was very well used for “Germanic” development. The tradition of pottery workshops existing in Cibalae was used and transferred into new shapes according to supply-demand rule. At the same time, in spite of quite rich “Late Antiquity” inherence new trends can also be observed: urban degradation, new types of dwellings and intra muros burials. This paper will present current state of research in a Post-Roman town in Pannonia based primary on new pottery types, burials and dwellings that prove Antiquity-German correlations in 5th and 6th century.