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33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1588-1592, In this paper, we have proposed and realized an inexpensive and accurate sensor to measure the solar irradiance, the sensor is based in a small calibrated PV module. The method of measure consists in acquiring the short circuit current ISC which is proportional to the incident solar irradiance by measuring the voltage across a precision shunt resistor connected to the reference module, then the final value is corrected according to ambient temperature to take into account the variation of the short circuit current ISC with cell temperature. The reference module was calibrated following the recommendations stated in the international standards IEC 60904-2 and IEC 60906-4, it was used to measure in-plane and horizontal irradiance for more than one year, acquired data were compared with data from commercial and highly accurate sensors, and the results have shown that the accuracy was better than 3%.

31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2242-2244, This paper presents preliminary results of the “proper.ma” project consisting on the first theoretical maps and their calculation method before any calibration. We have calculated photovoltaic DC yields using a “simple model” which is detailed in this paper. Before drawing any map, the “simple model” photovoltaic DC yields are compared to two other calculation tools (PVSyst software and PiViDyn software), both of them set to use the same input meteorological data (taken from “PVSyst” software since this does not accept external data). At the end of this comparison, it has been decided that the “simple model” results will have to be “corrected” with PiViDyn software results because of its precision due to its hourly resolution level. Plots of the PiViDyn software yields against the “simple model” ones have shown that a parabolic correlation fits better the data than a linear one. Finally, photovoltaic DC yields maps, as calculated using the “corrected simple model”, are compared to Solar Med Atlas data. For the maps, 1192 appropriate representative points have been selected in throughout all Morocco and we have calculated the photovoltaic monthly and yearly DC yields for these points with the “corrected simple model”.

31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2381-2383, For precise monitoring of PV grid connected systems, a vast number of parameters have to be recorded. Therefore, it is very important to use a data acquisition system in order to collect data concerning the installed system performance. In this paper we have developed a new low-cost data acquisition system. It is based on an open-source Arduino microcontroller prototyping platform. The proposed system meets all of the appropriate requirements in terms of accuracy and reliability with a resolution of 15-bits, it consists of a set of sensors for measuring both meteorological (radiation intensity, ambient temperature, wind speed and direction), cells temperature and electrical parameters (DC photovoltaic voltage at inverter input and AC voltage and output from it). The collected data are first conditioned using precision electronic circuits, then processed and stored by the Arduino card in an SD card, not requiring any external computer. The system allows local storage and distance data transfer through Internet. The proposed solution is easy to build, has low energy consumption and has enough flexibility for potential future modifications.

Background: The human papiloma virus (HPV), which is sexually transmitted, and most commonly causes genital warts, has been linked to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma. Of ninety plus types of HPV, HPV-16 is the most prevalent in cervical cancer, followed by HPV-18, and HPV-33. As HPV's implication has not been assessed in the Middle East the main focus of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of HPV -16,18, and 33 in cases of cervical cancer from Iran. Material and Methods: This retrospective study covered 100 patients with uterine cervical carcinomas who were referred to two referral centers for cancer in Tehran-Iran. Pathological blocks were collected for these cases and initial review of the blocks showed poor specimens in 18 cases, which left 82 cases for the study. These samples were histologically examined to verify the presence and the type of carcinoma. The next step was in situ hybridzation for the detection of HPV common DNA. In Situ hybridization was preformed on all samples. Finally, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was preformed for the HPV types 16, 18, and 33. PCR amplification of exon 5 of the p53 gene was used as an internal control for the integrity of DNA. Takara PCR Human papilloma Detection method was used which includes primer for HPV 16, 18, and 33. Three primers were used alone, or in combination, in order to increase the sensitivity of the detection. Results: The majority of tumors were squamous cell carcinomas (87%). The rest were adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinomas. None of the 82 different cervical carcinoma tissue samples were found to be positive by in situ hybridization. In the PCR samples, amplification of DNA was observed for 69 tumor specimens. In the remainning13 cases, the DNA in fixed tissue was degraded, as verified by the absence of an internal control band (p53). Out of the total 69 tumors (85.5%) with adequate DNA contained HPV band on PCR. The majority (73.9%) of HPV positive tumors contained HPV-16; the rest (11.6%) demonstrated type 18 and 33. There was no correlation between the histology of carcinoma and presence of types of HPV. Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV in carcinomas of uterine cervix in Iran is similar to those reported in other regions of the world. Similarly, it appears that HPV-16 is the most common type associated with cervical cancer in Iran. Further studies on larger samples of patients, particularly in those with pre-invasive forms of the disease, are needed to elucidate the carcinogenic role of HPV types in cervical cancer in Iranian women.