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4. Anomalous Antiferromagnetism in Metallic RuO$_2$ Determined by Resonant X-ray Scattering

Author

Zhu, Z. H., Strempfer, J., Rao, R. R., Pelliciari, J., Choi, Y., Kawaguchi, T., You, H., Mitchell, J. F., Shao-Horn, Y., and Comin, R.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We studied the magnetic ordering of thin films and bulk crystals of rutile RuO$_2$ using resonant X-ray scattering across the Ru L$_2$ absorption edge. Combining polarization analysis and azimuthal-angle dependence of the magnetic Bragg signal, we have established the presence of G-type antiferromagnetism in RuO$_2$ with T$_N$ $>$ 300 K. In addition to revealing a spin-ordered ground state in the simplest ruthenium oxide compound, the persistence of magnetic order even in nanometer-thick films lays the ground for potential applications of RuO$_2$ in antiferromagnetic spintronics., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2018
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6. Efficient and Provably Secure Pairing Free ID-Based Directed Signature Scheme

Author

Gayathri, N. B., Krishna Rao, R. R. V., Vasudeva Reddy, P., Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Series editor, Chen, Phoebe, Series editor, Filipe, Joaquim, Series editor, Kotenko, Igor, Series editor, Sivalingam, Krishna M., Series editor, Washio, Takashi, Series editor, Yuan, Junsong, Series editor, Zhou, Lizhu, Series editor, Thampi, Sabu M., editor, Martínez Pérez, Gregorio, editor, Westphall, Carlos Becker, editor, Hu, Jiankun, editor, Fan, Chun I., editor, and Gómez Mármol, Félix, editor

Published
2017
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28. BOBMEX : The Bay of Bengal Monsoon Experiment

Author

Bhat, G. S., Gadgil, S., Kumar, P. V. Hareesh, Kalsi, S. R., Madhusoodanan, P., Murty, V. S. N., Rao, C. V. K. Prasada, Babu, V. Ramesh, Rao, L. V. G., Rao, R. R., Ravichandran, M., Reddy, K. G., Rao, P. Sanjeeva, Sengupta, D., Sikka, D. R., Swain, J., and Vinayachandran, P. N.

Published
2001

33. Enhancing oxygen reduction electrocatalysis by tuning interfacial hydrogen bonds

Author

Wang, T, Zhang, Y, Huang, B, Cai, B, Rao, R, Giordano, L, Sun, S, Shao-Horn, Y, Wang T., Zhang Y., Huang B., Cai B., Rao R. R., Giordano L., Sun S. -G., Shao-Horn Y., Wang, T, Zhang, Y, Huang, B, Cai, B, Rao, R, Giordano, L, Sun, S, Shao-Horn, Y, Wang T., Zhang Y., Huang B., Cai B., Rao R. R., Giordano L., Sun S. -G., and Shao-Horn Y.

Abstract

Proton activity at the electrified interface is central to the kinetics of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions for making chemicals and fuels. Here we employ a library of protic ionic liquids in an interfacial layer on platinum and gold to alter local proton activity, where the intrinsic oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) activity is enhanced up to fivefold, exhibiting a volcano-shaped dependence on the pKa of the ionic liquid. The enhanced ORR activity is attributed to strengthened hydrogen bonds between ORR products and ionic liquids with comparable pKas, resulting in favourable PCET kinetics. This proposed mechanism is supported by in situ surface-enhanced Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and our simulation of PCET kinetics based on computed proton vibrational wavefunctions at the hydrogen-bonding interface. These findings highlight opportunities for using non-covalent interactions between hydrogen-bonded structures and solvation environments at the electrified interface to tune the kinetics of ORR and beyond. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Published
2021

34. Direct Observation of Surface-Bound Intermediates during Methanol Oxidation on Platinum under Alkaline Conditions

Author

Katayama, Y, Kubota, R, Rao, R, Hwang, J, Giordano, L, Morinaga, A, Okanishi, T, Muroyama, H, Matsui, T, Shao-Horn, Y, Eguchi, K, Katayama Y., Kubota R., Rao R. R., Hwang J., Giordano L., Morinaga A., Okanishi T., Muroyama H., Matsui T., Shao-Horn Y., Eguchi K., Katayama, Y, Kubota, R, Rao, R, Hwang, J, Giordano, L, Morinaga, A, Okanishi, T, Muroyama, H, Matsui, T, Shao-Horn, Y, Eguchi, K, Katayama Y., Kubota R., Rao R. R., Hwang J., Giordano L., Morinaga A., Okanishi T., Muroyama H., Matsui T., Shao-Horn Y., and Eguchi K.

Abstract

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) using alkaline electrolytes are of interest due to the applicability of nonprecious metal-based materials for electrocatalysts. However, the lack of understanding of the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) mechanism in alkaline media hinders the development of active catalysts for the MOR. In this work, ambient-pressure XPS and in situ surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy were performed on the Pt surface in order to gain experimental insights into the reaction pathway for the MOR. We present a comprehensive reaction mechanism for the MOR in alkaline media and show that the MOR proceeds via two different pathways depending on the electrode potential. We confirmed the formation of partially hydrogenated CO adsorbates [HxCOad···(OH) (1 < x < 3)] via water and/or hydroxide ion-mediated dissociation of methanol. The HxCOad···(OH) species were further dehydrogenated to COad in the potential range of 0.40-0.60 VRHE and subsequently oxidized to CO2 by reactive OHad on the Pt surface at 0.65 VRHE (pathway I). Furthermore, H3C-Oad intermediates were observed at potentials higher than 0.9 VRHE, at which the MOR proceeds mainly via H3C-Oad instead of COad intermediates (pathway II). The oxidation current related to this conversion from H3C-Oad to CO2 (pathway II) dominates the overall MOR current, suggesting that the H3C-Oad pathway could be one of the keys to enhancing the MOR activity in an alkaline environment. Our findings pave the way toward a design strategy for MOR electrocatalysts with improved activity based on the experimental reaction mechanisms that have been identified.

Published
2021

35. Regulating oxygen activity of perovskites to promote NOx oxidation and reduction kinetics

Author

Hwang, J, Rao, R, Giordano, L, Akkiraju, K, Wang, X, Crumlin, E, Bluhm, H, Shao-Horn, Y, Hwang J., Rao R. R., Giordano L., Akkiraju K., Wang X. R., Crumlin E. J., Bluhm H., Shao-Horn Y., Hwang, J, Rao, R, Giordano, L, Akkiraju, K, Wang, X, Crumlin, E, Bluhm, H, Shao-Horn, Y, Hwang J., Rao R. R., Giordano L., Akkiraju K., Wang X. R., Crumlin E. J., Bluhm H., and Shao-Horn Y.

Abstract

Understanding the adsorption and oxidation of NO on metal oxides is of immense interest to environmental and atmospheric (bio)chemistry. Here, we show that the surface oxygen activity, defined as the oxygen 2p-band centre relative to the Fermi level, dictates the adsorption and surface coverage of NOx and the kinetics of NO oxidation for La1−xSrxCoO3 perovskites. Density functional theory and ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed favourable NO adsorption on surface oxygen sites. Increasing the surface oxygen activity by increasing the strontium substitution led to stronger adsorption and greater storage of NO2, which resulted in more adsorbed nitrogen-like species and molecular nitrogen formed upon exposure to CO. The NO oxidation kinetics exhibited a volcano trend with surface oxygen activity, centred at La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 and with an intrinsic activity comparable to state-of-the-art catalysts. We rationalize the volcano trend by showing that increasing the NO adsorption enhances the oxidation kinetics, although NO adsorption that is too strong poisons the surface oxygen sites with adsorbed NO2 to impede the kinetics. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Published
2021

36. Reorganization of Substance Use Treatment and Harm Reduction Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey

Author

Radfar, S, De Jong, C, Farhoudian, A, Ebrahimi, M, Rafei, P, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Massah, O, Deylamizadeh, A, Brady, K, Busse, A, Potenza, M, Ekhtiari, H, Baldacchino, A, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-ansari, B, Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Ardabili, H, Arya, S, Lasebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Siste, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon T N, J, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Alberto Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Rao, R, Ratta-apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Zonoozi, A, Radfar S. R., De Jong C. A. J., Farhoudian A., Ebrahimi M., Rafei P., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Massah O., Deylamizadeh A., Brady K. T., Busse A., Potenza M. N., Ekhtiari H., Baldacchino A. M., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-ansari B., Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair F., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Ardabili H. M., Arya S., Lasebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel J., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Siste K., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T N J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Alberto Quiros R., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Rao R. R., Ratta-apha W., Raymond K., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Teck J., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., Zhao M., Zonoozi A. K., Radfar, S, De Jong, C, Farhoudian, A, Ebrahimi, M, Rafei, P, Vahidi, M, Yunesian, M, Kouimtsidis, C, Arunogiri, S, Massah, O, Deylamizadeh, A, Brady, K, Busse, A, Potenza, M, Ekhtiari, H, Baldacchino, A, Abagiu, A, Abouna, F, Ahmed, M, Al-ansari, B, Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair, F, Almaqbali, M, Ambekar, A, Ardabili, H, Arya, S, Lasebikan, V, Ayasreh, M, Basu, D, Benmebarek, Z, Bhad, R, Blaise, M, Bonnet, N, Brasch, J, Broers, B, Butner, J, Camilleri, M, Campello, G, Carra, G, Celic, I, Chalabianloo, F, Chaturvedi, A, de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel, J, Clark, K, Cyders, M, de Bernardis, E, Derry, J, Dhagudu, N, Dolezalova, P, Dom, G, Dunlop, A, Elhabiby, M, Elkholy, H, Essien, N, Farah, G, Ferri, M, Floros, G, Friedman, C, Fuderanan, C, Gerra, G, Ghosh, A, Gogia, M, Grammatikopoulos, I, Grandinetti, P, Guirguis, A, Gutnisky, D, Haber, P, Hassani-Abharian, P, Hooshyari, Z, Ibrahim, I, Ieong, H, Indradewi, R, Iskandar, S, Jain, S, James, S, Javadi, S, Joe, K, Jokubonis, D, Jovanova, A, Kamal, R, Kantchelov, A, Kathiresan, P, Katzman, G, Kawale, P, Kern, A, Kessler, F, Kim, S, Kimball, A, Kljucevic, Z, Siste, K, Lev, R, Lee, H, Lengvenyte, A, Lev-ran, S, Mabelya, G, Mahi, M, Maphisa, J, Maremmani, I, Masferrer, L, Mccambridge, O, Mcgovern, G, Min, A, Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A, Mora-Rios, J, Mudalige, I, Mukherjee, D, Munira, P, Myers, B, Menon T N, J, Narasimha, V, Ndionuka, N, Nejatisafa, A, Niaz, K, Nizami, A, Nuijens, J, Orsolini, L, Oum, V, Oyemade, A, Palavra, I, Pant, S, Paredes, J, Peyron, E, Alberto Quiros, R, Qurishi, R, Rafiq, N, Rao, R, Ratta-apha, W, Raymond, K, Reimer, J, Renaldo, E, Rezapour, T, Robertson, J, Roncero, C, Roub, F, Rubenstein, E, Rupp, C, Saenz, E, Salehi, M, Samartzis, L, Sarubbo, L, Segrec, N, Shah, B, Shen, H, Shirasaka, T, Shoptaw, S, Sintango, F, Sosa, V, Subata, E, Sztycberg, N, Taghizadeh, F, Teck, J, Tjagvad, C, Torrens, M, Twala, J, Vadivel, R, Volpicelli, J, Weijs, J, Wintoniw, S, Wittayanookulluk, A, Wojnar, M, Yasir, S, Yitayih, Y, Zhao, M, Zonoozi, A, Radfar S. R., De Jong C. A. J., Farhoudian A., Ebrahimi M., Rafei P., Vahidi M., Yunesian M., Kouimtsidis C., Arunogiri S., Massah O., Deylamizadeh A., Brady K. T., Busse A., Potenza M. N., Ekhtiari H., Baldacchino A. M., Abagiu A. O., Abouna F. D. N., Ahmed M. H., Al-ansari B., Mahmmoud Abu Al-khair F., Almaqbali M. H., Ambekar A., Ardabili H. M., Arya S., Lasebikan V. O., Ayasreh M. A., Basu D., Benmebarek Z., Bhad R., Blaise M., Bonnet N., Brasch J., Broers B., Butner J. L., Camilleri M., Campello G., Carra G., Celic I., Chalabianloo F., Chaturvedi A., de Jesus Eduardo Noyola Cherpitel J., Clark K. J., Cyders M. A., de Bernardis E., Derry J. E., Dhagudu N. K., Dolezalova P., Dom G., Dunlop A. J., Elhabiby M. M., Elkholy H., Essien N. F., Farah G. I., Ferri M., Floros G. D., Friedman C., Fuderanan C. H., Gerra G., Ghosh A., Gogia M., Grammatikopoulos I. A., Grandinetti P., Guirguis A., Gutnisky D., Haber P. S., Hassani-Abharian P., Hooshyari Z., Ibrahim I. I. M., Ieong H., Indradewi R. N., Iskandar S., Jain S., James S., Javadi S. M. H., Joe K. H., Jokubonis D., Jovanova A. T., Kamal R. M., Kantchelov A. I., Kathiresan P., Katzman G., Kawale P., Kern A. M., Kessler F. H. P., Kim S., Kimball A. M., Kljucevic Z., Siste K., Lev R., Lee H. K., Lengvenyte A., Lev-ran S., Mabelya G. S., Mahi M. A. E., Maphisa J., Maremmani I., Masferrer L., McCambridge O., McGovern G. G., Min A. K., Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A., Mora-Rios J., Mudalige I. U. K., Mukherjee D., Munira P. M., Myers B., Menon T N J., Narasimha V. L., Ndionuka N., Nejatisafa A., Niaz K., Nizami A. T., Nuijens J. H., Orsolini L., Oum V., Oyemade A. A., Palavra I. R., Pant S. B., Paredes J., Peyron E., Alberto Quiros R., Qurishi R., Rafiq N. U. Z., Rao R. R., Ratta-apha W., Raymond K., Reimer J., Renaldo E., Rezapour T., Robertson J. R., Roncero C., Roub F., Rubenstein E. J., Rupp C. I., Saenz E., Salehi M., Samartzis L., Sarubbo L. B., Segrec N., Shah B., Shen H., Shirasaka T., Shoptaw S., Sintango F. M., Sosa V. A., Subata E., Sztycberg N., Taghizadeh F., Teck J., Tjagvad C., Torrens M., Twala J. M., Vadivel R., Volpicelli J. R., Weijs J., Wintoniw S. M., Wittayanookulluk A., Wojnar M., Yasir S., Yitayih Y., Zhao M., and Zonoozi A. K.

Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted people with substance use disorders (SUDs) worldwide, and healthcare systems have reorganized their services in response to the pandemic. Methods: One week after the announcement of the COVID-19 as a pandemic, in a global survey, 177 addiction medicine professionals described COVID-19-related health responses in their own 77 countries in terms of SUD treatment and harm reduction services. The health responses were categorized around (1) managerial measures and systems, (2) logistics, (3) service providers, and (4) vulnerable groups. Results: Respondents from over 88% of countries reported that core medical and psychiatric care for SUDs had continued; however, only 56% of countries reported having had any business continuity plan, and 37.5% of countries reported shortages of methadone or buprenorphine supplies. Participants of 41% of countries reported partial discontinuation of harm-reduction services such as needle and syringe programs and condom distribution. Fifty-seven percent of overdose prevention interventions and 81% of outreach services were also negatively impacted. Conclusions: Participants reported that SUD treatment and harm-reduction services had been significantly impacted globally early during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our findings, we highlight several issues and complications resulting from the pandemic concerning people with SUDs that should be tackled more efficiently during the future waves or similar pandemics. The issues and potential strategies comprise the following: (1) helping policymakers to generate business continuity plans, (2) maintaining the use of evidence-based interventions for people with SUDs, (3) being prepared for adequate medication supplies, (4) integrating harm reduction programs with other treatment modalities, and (5) having specific considerations for vulnerable groups such as immigrants and refugees.

Published
2021

42. Operando identification of site-dependent water oxidation activity on ruthenium dioxide single-crystal surfaces

Author

Rao, R, Kolb, M, Giordano, L, Pedersen, A, Katayama, Y, Hwang, J, Mehta, A, You, H, Lunger, J, Zhou, H, Halck, N, Vegge, T, Chorkendorff, I, Stephens, I, Shao-Horn, Y, Rao R. R., Kolb M. J., Giordano L., Pedersen A. F., Katayama Y., Hwang J., Mehta A., You H., Lunger J. R., Zhou H., Halck N. B., Vegge T., Chorkendorff I., Stephens I. E. L., Shao-Horn Y., Rao, R, Kolb, M, Giordano, L, Pedersen, A, Katayama, Y, Hwang, J, Mehta, A, You, H, Lunger, J, Zhou, H, Halck, N, Vegge, T, Chorkendorff, I, Stephens, I, Shao-Horn, Y, Rao R. R., Kolb M. J., Giordano L., Pedersen A. F., Katayama Y., Hwang J., Mehta A., You H., Lunger J. R., Zhou H., Halck N. B., Vegge T., Chorkendorff I., Stephens I. E. L., and Shao-Horn Y.

Abstract

Understanding the nature of active sites is central to controlling (electro)catalytic activity. Here we employed surface X-ray scattering coupled with density functional theory and surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy to examine the oxygen evolution reaction on RuO2 surfaces as a function of voltage. At 1.5 VRHE, our results suggest that there is an –OO group on the coordinatively unsaturated ruthenium (RuCUS) site of the (100) surface (and similarly for (110)), but adsorbed oxygen on the RuCUS site of (101). Density functional theory results indicate that the removal of –OO from the RuCUS site, which is stabilized by a hydrogen bond to a neighbouring –OH (–OO–H), could be the rate-determining step for (100) (similarly for (110)), where its reduced binding on (100) increased activity. A further reduction in binding energy on the RuCUS site of (101) resulted in a different rate-determining step (–O + H2O – (H+ + e−) → –OO–H) and decreased activity. Our study provides molecular details on the active sites, and the influence of their local coordination environment on activity. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Published
2020

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