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As the world's population is growing, the demand of drinkable water is increasing, especially in developing coutries. Life on Earth would not be possible without the water that sustains all of its other essential needs. Solar energy plays vital role for many applications such as cooking, water heating, drying of agricultural products, water distillation etc. In this study, improved sun-oriented stills with black paint coated with hybrid nanomaterial are compared without using nanomaterial with black paint. The solar still's absorber plate and walls are coated with a commercial black paint that contains the hybrid nanomaterial. Coated absorbers are used in the solar still, which makes use of reduced grapheme oxide/Cupric oxide nanoparticles. The characterization of graphene/cupric oxide with black paint coating was done to analyse the performance of the solar still. It was identified and analysed the areas of the solar-powered stills where energy was lost. The modified solar stills have faster dissipation and higher exergy compared to regular ones. As a result, the modified still has higher exergy and energy efficiency than older models. Additionally, a brief discussion of the influence of various limits on the efficacy of sunlight-based stills is also introduced. Reduced graphene and cupric oxide/water blends have a daily energy productivity of 44.18%, whereas the old-style has just 30.17% [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fossil fuels are depleting at a significantly higher rate, global warming reaching its new high and entire ecosystem suffering from air pollution. Biodiesel has emerged as potential substitute of diesel fuel that can be operated in a conventional diesel engine without any sort of major modification and provides comparable performance and lower emissions. One of the cumbersome tasks is to find the optimum blend of diesel-biodiesel and engine operating parameters. In this regard, many optimization and simulation methods have been used to optimize the biodiesel percentage in blend and engine operating parameters, which gives maximum power output and minimum emissions. There are several optimization techniques such as Genetic algorithm, Ant colony optimization, Grey relational analysis, Response surface methodology, Taguchi, artificial neural network, VIKOR and TOPSIS, which have been employed to optimize the working of a diesel engine run on biodiesel blends. In this research paper, the various optimization methods that have been used in a diesel engine for predicting & optimizing the several output parameters of the input model and ranking them accordingly are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]