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Background : Type 2 Diabetes mellitus can lead to many chronic complications, one of which is microvascular complications. In addition, approximately one in four patients with T2DM will have comorbid diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in the progression of T2DM. DKD is the most common cause of leading to end-stage renal disease worldwide and is a primary cause of mortality among patients with DM . Therefore, early intervention plays a vital role in preventing DKD development. To establish effective intervention strategies for DKD in clinical practice, identifying risk factors related to the presence of DKD is available. Objectives : To study the Correlation of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and renal function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methodology : Cross sectional observational study done in General Medicine department of the Chettinad Health and Research Institute 2 months i.e December 2022 and January 2023. Patients who are known type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Diabetic history of more than 5yrs were included. Results : A total of 100 diabetic patients were included in the study during the study period. Figure 2 shows that the among the 100 study population 36% of the diabetics showed microalbuminuria and 64% did not showed microalbuminuria. Study showed different parameters among the patients with microalbuminuria and without microalbuminuria. Mean age of the study population among the two groups, duration of diabetes, FBS levels, BMI, SBP, DBP levels showed significant difference among the two groups i.e p<0.05. HbA1C levels were more among the microalbuminuria patients (6.66 ± 1.00 v/s 6.44 ± 1.06) but it was not statistically significant. Among the serum proteins, serum albumin and total protein showed decreased levels among the microalbuminuria patients but the serum globulin levels were within the normal range among the two groups. The differences of serum albumin and total proteins were significant. Renal function tests showed blood urea levels were within the normal range among the two groups but the serum creatinine levels were significantly high among the microalbuminuria patients. 24 hours Urine albumin levels showed that higher value among the microalbuminuria patients compared to the other group. Urine casts were not present among the both groups. hsCRP levels were compared which showed significant differences among the two groups. The hsCRP levels also showed high levels of CRP with patients having diabetes for more than 10 years compared to patients with duration of diabetes between 5 to 10 years and the difference was statistically significant. the bio markers of the diabetes also showed significant increase in the group having the higher CRP levels. Conclusion : It has been concluded that higher levels of hs CRP can be a prognostic element for the development of DM. It also has positive correlation with HbA1c, reflecting the glycemic status of the patient. The study shows that the early monitoring of the hsCRP can help managing and identifying the development of the diabetic kidney disease and thus can be managed appropriately and timely to prevent the development of the complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We planned to assess the serum ferritin levels among ischemic stroke cases and to correlate it with early neurological deterioration and prognosis of acute ischaemic stroke and to find the relationship between serum ferritin and various risk factors for Stroke. Methods: This study was conducted as a cross sectional observational study among patients attending outpatient and inpatient department of General medicine, Neurology and emergency with acute ischemic stroke during August 2022 - November 2022 in Chettinad medical Center Hospital in Chennai. A total of sixty patients with acute ischemic stroke were included in this study. All data was entered in excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS. Results: A significant association between high levels of serum ferritin and severe and poor prognosis cases with acute ischemic stroke. Also, we noted significant rise in serum ferritin in ischemic stroke patients in correlation with high scores with NIHSS which indicates the severity. This study also reveals the poor outcome in correlation with high serum ferritin values and good outcome in correlation with low serum ferritin values, based on Modified Rankin scale. Also, diabetes mellitus and systemic hypertension, alcohol consumption and loss of consciousness were found to be associated with serum ferritin levels, in this study. Conclusion: Increased serum ferritin is linked with poor outcome in AIS cases. Hence more focus to be paid on cases with high serum ferritin and all cases with AIS should be assessed for serum ferritin routinely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is a group of chronic diseases characterized by high blood sugar. Modern medicine utilizes a wide range of lifestyle and pharmaceutical interventions aimed at preventing and controlling hyperglycemia. In addition to ensuring proper delivery of glucose to the body's tissues, diabetes treatment aims to reduce the potential for high blood sugar to damage body tissues. Protecting the body from high blood sugar. The importance of this cannot be overemphasized. Direct and indirect effects on the human vascular system are major causes of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes. In general, the adverse effects of hyperglycemia are divided into macrovascular complications (coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and stroke). In this study we are aimed at studying the development of Macrovascular complication among the diabetic and pre diabetic patients visiting a Tertiary care hospital over a period of 1 year as a cross sectional study from the initial date of assessment at 6 months interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The treatment strategy for management of Diabetes Mellitus includes regular monitoring of blood sugars and HbA1C since poor glycemic control is associated with complications causing significant morbidity and mortality. Aim: To assess the correlation of Triglyceride glucose Index and Triglyceride/HDL ratio with HbA1C to evaluate their possible role as indicators of glycemic control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Objectives: To correlate Triglyceride glucose index and HbA1C in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. To correlate triglyceride/HDL-C ratio and HbA1C in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. To evaluate the role of triglyceride glucose index and Triglyceride/HDL-C ratio as potential indicators of glycemic control. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in our Institution among 278 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The necessary biochemical parameters along with history of comorbidities will be noted. The Triglyceride glucose index and Triglyceride/HDL ratio was calculated, and statistical analysis was carried out to correlate the calculated values and HbA1c. Results: Triglyceride glucose index and Triglyceride/HDL ratio were found to be significantly associated with HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.475 and 0.276 respectively). Triglyceride glucose index is significantly associated with glycemic control (t value -3.627) while Triglyceride/HDL ratio did not show significant association (t value -1.556). Conclusion: In patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus the Triglyceride glucose index is significantly associated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and is a potential predictor glycemic control. Triglyceride/HDL ratio is significantly associated with HbA1c levels but failed to show significant association with glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of flow through arteries is gaining importance in the recent times due to onset of several cardio-vascular diseases like atherosclerosis (block in artery), aneurysms (bulging of artery), hypertension etc. The application of CFD will be useful in demonstrating the underlying mechanism of flow past the diseased arteries. In the present study, initially an approximate eccentric and concentric 50% stenosed carotid model is generated in ANSYS 12.0 based on patient data obtained from ultrasound Doppler scan. Later the percentage of stenosis is increased to 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% in both the cases. A transient analysis has been performed for several pulse cycles in ANSYS FLOTRAN for various percentage cases. The results obtained from ECN and CCN cases are compared to observe the changes in flow behavior in the downstream of stenosis as compared with normal case. The formation of vortices and flow separation zone in downstream in eccentric case is higher than in concentric case. Comparison of results concludes that, with the increase in severity of stenosis, the flow changes abruptly causing an increase in velocity and WSS at throat region. The simulation results obtained agree well with clinically observed data and available literature.