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1. Apple Intelligence Foundation Language Models

Author

Gunter, Tom, Wang, Zirui, Wang, Chong, Pang, Ruoming, Narayanan, Andy, Zhang, Aonan, Zhang, Bowen, Chen, Chen, Chiu, Chung-Cheng, Qiu, David, Gopinath, Deepak, Yap, Dian Ang, Yin, Dong, Nan, Feng, Weers, Floris, Yin, Guoli, Huang, Haoshuo, Wang, Jianyu, Lu, Jiarui, Peebles, John, Ye, Ke, Lee, Mark, Du, Nan, Chen, Qibin, Keunebroek, Quentin, Wiseman, Sam, Evans, Syd, Lei, Tao, Rathod, Vivek, Kong, Xiang, Du, Xianzhi, Li, Yanghao, Wang, Yongqiang, Gao, Yuan, Ahmed, Zaid, Xu, Zhaoyang, Lu, Zhiyun, Rashid, Al, Jose, Albin Madappally, Doane, Alec, Bencomo, Alfredo, Vanderby, Allison, Hansen, Andrew, Jain, Ankur, Anupama, Anupama Mann, Kamal, Areeba, Wu, Bugu, Brum, Carolina, Maalouf, Charlie, Erdenebileg, Chinguun, Dulhanty, Chris, Moritz, Dominik, Kang, Doug, Jimenez, Eduardo, Ladd, Evan, Shi, Fangping, Bai, Felix, Chu, Frank, Hohman, Fred, Kotek, Hadas, Coleman, Hannah Gillis, Li, Jane, Bigham, Jeffrey, Cao, Jeffery, Lai, Jeff, Cheung, Jessica, Shan, Jiulong, Zhou, Joe, Li, John, Qin, Jun, Singh, Karanjeet, Vega, Karla, Zou, Kelvin, Heckman, Laura, Gardiner, Lauren, Bowler, Margit, Cordell, Maria, Cao, Meng, Hay, Nicole, Shahdadpuri, Nilesh, Godwin, Otto, Dighe, Pranay, Rachapudi, Pushyami, Tantawi, Ramsey, Frigg, Roman, Davarnia, Sam, Shah, Sanskruti, Guha, Saptarshi, Sirovica, Sasha, Ma, Shen, Ma, Shuang, Wang, Simon, Kim, Sulgi, Jayaram, Suma, Shankar, Vaishaal, Paidi, Varsha, Kumar, Vivek, Wang, Xin, Zheng, Xin, Cheng, Walker, Shrager, Yael, Ye, Yang, Tanaka, Yasu, Guo, Yihao, Meng, Yunsong, Luo, Zhao Tang, Ouyang, Zhi, Aygar, Alp, Wan, Alvin, Walkingshaw, Andrew, Lin, Antonie, Farooq, Arsalan, Ramerth, Brent, Reed, Colorado, Bartels, Chris, Chaney, Chris, Riazati, David, Yang, Eric Liang, Feldman, Erin, Hochstrasser, Gabriel, Seguin, Guillaume, Belousova, Irina, Pelemans, Joris, Yang, Karen, Vahid, Keivan Alizadeh, Cao, Liangliang, Najibi, Mahyar, Zuliani, Marco, Horton, Max, Cho, Minsik, Bhendawade, Nikhil, Dong, Patrick, Maj, Piotr, Agrawal, Pulkit, Shan, Qi, Fu, Qichen, Poston, Regan, Xu, Sam, Liu, Shuangning, Rao, Sushma, Heeramun, Tashweena, Merth, Thomas, Rayala, Uday, Cui, Victor, Sridhar, Vivek Rangarajan, Zhang, Wencong, Zhang, Wenqi, Wu, Wentao, Zhou, Xingyu, Liu, Xinwen, Zhao, Yang, Xia, Yin, Ren, Zhile, and Ren, Zhongzheng

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

We present foundation language models developed to power Apple Intelligence features, including a ~3 billion parameter model designed to run efficiently on devices and a large server-based language model designed for Private Cloud Compute. These models are designed to perform a wide range of tasks efficiently, accurately, and responsibly. This report describes the model architecture, the data used to train the model, the training process, how the models are optimized for inference, and the evaluation results. We highlight our focus on Responsible AI and how the principles are applied throughout the model development.

Published
2024

3. Compromised transcription-mRNA export factor THOC2 causes R-loop accumulation, DNA damage and adverse neurodevelopment

Author

Bhattacharjee, Rudrarup, Jolly, Lachlan A., Corbett, Mark A., Wee, Ing Chee, Rao, Sushma R., Gardner, Alison E., Ritchie, Tarin, van Hugte, Eline J. H., Ciptasari, Ummi, Piltz, Sandra, Noll, Jacqueline E., Nazri, Nazzmer, van Eyk, Clare L., White, Melissa, Fornarino, Dani, Poulton, Cathryn, Baynam, Gareth, Collins-Praino, Lyndsey E., Snel, Marten F., Nadif Kasri, Nael, Hemsley, Kim M., Thomas, Paul Q., Kumar, Raman, and Gecz, Jozef

Published
2024
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5. SemifreddoNets: Partially Frozen Neural Networks for Efficient Computer Vision Systems

Author

Isikdogan, Leo F, Nayak, Bhavin V, Wu, Chyuan-Tyng, Moreira, Joao Peralta, Rao, Sushma, and Michael, Gilad

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

We propose a system comprised of fixed-topology neural networks having partially frozen weights, named SemifreddoNets. SemifreddoNets work as fully-pipelined hardware blocks that are optimized to have an efficient hardware implementation. Those blocks freeze a certain portion of the parameters at every layer and replace the corresponding multipliers with fixed scalers. Fixing the weights reduces the silicon area, logic delay, and memory requirements, leading to significant savings in cost and power consumption. Unlike traditional layer-wise freezing approaches, SemifreddoNets make a profitable trade between the cost and flexibility by having some of the weights configurable at different scales and levels of abstraction in the model. Although fixing the topology and some of the weights somewhat limits the flexibility, we argue that the efficiency benefits of this strategy outweigh the advantages of a fully configurable model for many use cases. Furthermore, our system uses repeatable blocks, therefore it has the flexibility to adjust model complexity without requiring any hardware change. The hardware implementation of SemifreddoNets provides up to an order of magnitude reduction in silicon area and power consumption as compared to their equivalent implementation on a general-purpose accelerator.

Published
2020

6. A Machine Learning Imaging Core using Separable FIR-IIR Filters

Author

Asama, Masayoshi, Isikdogan, Leo F., Rao, Sushma, Nayak, Bhavin V., and Michael, Gilad

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

We propose fixed-function neural network hardware that is designed to perform pixel-to-pixel image transformations in a highly efficient way. We use a fully trainable, fixed-topology neural network to build a model that can perform a wide variety of image processing tasks. Our model uses compressed skip lines and hybrid FIR-IIR blocks to reduce the latency and hardware footprint. Our proposed Machine Learning Imaging Core, dubbed MagIC, uses a silicon area of ~3mm^2 (in TSMC 16nm), which is orders of magnitude smaller than a comparable pixel-wise dense prediction model. MagIC requires no DDR bandwidth, no SRAM, and practically no external memory. Each MagIC core consumes 56mW (215 mW max power) at 500MHz and achieves an energy-efficient throughput of 23TOPS/W/mm^2. MagIC can be used as a multi-purpose image processing block in an imaging pipeline, approximating compute-heavy image processing applications, such as image deblurring, denoising, and colorization, within the power and silicon area limits of mobile devices.

Published
2020

7. VisionISP: Repurposing the Image Signal Processor for Computer Vision Applications

Author

Wu, Chyuan-Tyng, Isikdogan, Leo F., Rao, Sushma, Nayak, Bhavin, Gerasimow, Timo, Sutic, Aleksandar, Ain-kedem, Liron, and Michael, Gilad

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Traditional image signal processors (ISPs) are primarily designed and optimized to improve the image quality perceived by humans. However, optimal perceptual image quality does not always translate into optimal performance for computer vision applications. We propose a set of methods, which we collectively call VisionISP, to repurpose the ISP for machine consumption. VisionISP significantly reduces data transmission needs by reducing the bit-depth and resolution while preserving the relevant information. The blocks in VisionISP are simple, content-aware, and trainable. Experimental results show that VisionISP boosts the performance of a subsequent computer vision system trained to detect objects in an autonomous driving setting. The results demonstrate the potential and the practicality of VisionISP for computer vision applications.

Published
2019
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9. Automatic ISP image quality tuning using non-linear optimization

Author

Nishimura, Jun, Gerasimow, Timo, Rao, Sushma, Sutic, Aleksandar, Wu, Chyuan-Tyng, and Michael, Gilad

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Image Signal Processor (ISP) comprises of various blocks to reconstruct image sensor raw data to final image consumed by human visual system or computer vision applications. Each block typically has many tuning parameters due to the complexity of the operation. These need to be hand tuned by Image Quality (IQ) experts, which takes considerable amount of time. In this paper, we present an automatic IQ tuning using nonlinear optimization and automatic reference generation algorithms. The proposed method can produce high quality IQ in minutes as compared with weeks of hand-tuned results by IQ experts. In addition, the proposed method can work with any algorithms without being aware of their specific implementation. It was found successful on multiple different processing blocks such as noise reduction, demosaic, and sharpening., Comment: 5 pages, 2018 25th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2471-2475

Published
2019

10. A Comprehensive Literature Review on the Architecture of the Upper Labial Frena

Author

S Surraj, L Daisy, D Sushma, C Mrudul, and P Rao Sushma

Subjects
alveoli, frena, grade, morphology, vestibule, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Over the past few years, various surgical procedures have evolved that focus on releasing the taut superior labial frena in infants, yet little is known about their normal or variant morphology despite the growing incidence of severe upper labial frenar tie. Apart from this, the role played by distorted upper labial frena in uncomfortable latching or problems in breast feeding has been a major concern among mothers thereby significantly affecting public health. Hence, the purpose of this literature review is to lucidly highlight the various existing grading schemes and classification systems in literature for superior labial frena and also to understand their precise morphology and developmental origins that will be of great help to oral surgeons and plastic surgeons in performing release repair or reconstructions for the upper lip tie.

Published
2021
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12. SemifreddoNets: Partially Frozen Neural Networks for Efficient Computer Vision Systems

Author

Isikdogan, Leo F., Nayak, Bhavin V., Wu, Chyuan-Tyng, Moreira, Joao Peralta, Rao, Sushma, Michael, Gilad, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Vedaldi, Andrea, editor, Bischof, Horst, editor, Brox, Thomas, editor, and Frahm, Jan-Michael, editor

Published
2020
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13. Architecture of the Musculus Uvulae- A Review

Author

L Daisy, S Surraj, C Mrudula, and P Rao Sushma

Subjects
cleft palate, palate repair, soft palate, velopharyngeal closure, Medicine
Abstract

The architecture of the musculus uvulae is a subject of, especially with regard to its crucial role in maintaining the morphology of the cleft palate, and its involvement in surgical procedures of palate repair. Its functional role in the closure of the velum and elevation of the same leading to voice changes are also an element of debate. The fate and orientation of its muscle fibres and its reinforcement with other related muscles of the palate raise concerns with regard to its functional role. Its positioning in the soft palate would give us an insight on the exact role played by this muscle in velopharyngeal closure. Its nerve supply also remains shrouded by various theories without conclusive evidence. Hence, this review aims to highlight its morphological role for the same.

Published
2021
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22. Colchicine exerts anti‐atherosclerotic and ‑plaque‐stabilizing effects targeting foam cell formation

Author

Schwarz, Nisha, primary, Fernando, Sanuja, additional, Chen, Yung‐Chih, additional, Salagaras, Thalia, additional, Rao, Sushma R., additional, Liyanage, Sanuri, additional, Williamson, Anna E., additional, Toledo‐Flores, Deborah, additional, Dimasi, Catherine, additional, Sargeant, Timothy J., additional, Manavis, Jim, additional, Eddy, Eleanor, additional, Kanellakis, Peter, additional, Thompson, Peter L., additional, Tan, Joanne T. M., additional, Snel, Marten F., additional, Bursill, Christina A., additional, Nicholls, Stephen J., additional, Peter, Karlheinz, additional, and Psaltis, Peter J., additional

Published
2023
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23. THE CINEMATIC FEMININE

Author

Rao, Sushma R and Dr. Bhargavi Hemmige

Subjects
Visual ethics, Gender portrayals, Feminism, Media ethics, OTT
Abstract

Popular cinema today is not just mere entertainment. It can help us understand human nature and the ethical theory that underpins it. Cinema’s power to influence is what makes it a perfect platform for ethical portrayals. Feministic Cinematic ethic works against violence, dominance, stereotyping and totalitarianism. Media ethic here needs celluloid to practice sensitivity in its portrayals. Portrayals in popular cinema needs to allow the structures that work against systems of dominance, stereotyping and violence instead of plummeting further down under the hegemonic duress. Visual ethics encompasses many distinct areas under its vast umbrella like media ethics, image ethics, gender portrayals and stereotyping. In addition to self-image, reality construction, virtual reality, perception, postmodernism, psychology, and feminism, media ethics, which is highly subjective, it deals with a number of areas less commonly associated with a visual ethic. Media scholars put ethics into two categories, teleological (or goal oriented) or deontological (or rule oriented). The argument here maybe from a utilitarian perspective or to answer the basic question of right or wrong. The paper is an attempt to look at the right and wrong of cinematic images in their depiction of women. Director Sukumar’s Allu Arjun Starrer ‘Pushpa’ was the highest grosser not only in Tollywood but across the country last year. The movie is especially significant as it stands to be one of the most watched films on OTT in the world. Like all other commercial cinema, South Indian Popular cinema works on a predictable formula. The gender portrayal in this superhit movies is what makes it problematic. The film is visually stunning and made for the pleasure of male gaze. The central aim of the is to articulate concerns about the portrayal of women in the film Pushpa that relates to ethics under the appellation ‘Visual Ethics’. The paper will analyse the movie primarily within the theoretical ambit of Spectatorship theory, Feminist Ethics and Media Ethics.

Published
2023
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24. sj-docx-1-jbr-10.1177_07487304231159713 – Supplemental material for A Subset of Circadian Neurons Expressing dTRPA1 Enables Appropriate Phasing of Activity Rhythms in Drosophila melanogaster Under Warm Temperatures

Author

Iyengar, Aishwariya Srikala, Rao, Sushma, and Sheeba, Vasu

Subjects
FOS: Clinical medicine, FOS: Biological sciences, 110306 Endocrinology, 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified, Neuroscience
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-jbr-10.1177_07487304231159713 for A Subset of Circadian Neurons Expressing dTRPA1 Enables Appropriate Phasing of Activity Rhythms in Drosophila melanogaster Under Warm Temperatures by Aishwariya Srikala Iyengar, Sushma Rao and Vasu Sheeba in Journal of Biological Rhythms

Published
2023
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25. Attenuation of cisplatin induced myelosuppression by methanol extract of Cedrus deodara in Wistar rats

Author

Dindukurthi Harinathbabu Sushmitha, Channaiah Ramesh, Belladamadagu Appajappa Sowmya, Byrojai Rao Sushma Bai, Pinkey Rawal, and Shafi Ulla Khan Shabana

Subjects
Complementary and alternative medicine
Abstract

Objective The present study was performed to evaluate the protective effects of methanol extract of Cedrus deodara against cisplatin induced. Methods Myelosuppression in albino Wistar rats. All experimental animals were administered with cisplatin on 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day to induce bone marrow toxicity and rats were treated with methanol extract of C. deodara for 21 days. Blood samples were collected from all the animals on day 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st after 1 h before the administration of the drugs and hematological parameters like RBC, WBC, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, bleeding time and clotting time were determined were determined. At 21st, all rats were sacrificed and bone marrow samples were collected. The part of bone marrow samples was used for the determination of antioxidant enzymes and remaining were subjected to histopathological examination. Results The animals of therapeutic groups administered with extract of C. deodara have exhibited significant rise in hematological parameters and shorten bleeding time and clotting time when compare to toxic control animals on the day 14 and day 21. The histopathological examination revealed the regeneration of bone marrow cells in the extract treated animals. There was significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and increase in antioxidant enzymes was found in extract treated animals. Conclusions The methanol extract of C. deodara of have shown significant protective effects against cisplatin induced myelosuppression in albino Wistar rats.

Published
2022

28. FAST-IT: Find A Simple Test — In TIA (transient ischaemic attack): a prospective cohort study to develop a multivariable prediction model for diagnosis of TIA through proteomic discovery and candidate lipid mass spectrometry, neuroimaging and machine learning—study protocol

Author

Milton, Austin G, primary, Lau, Stephan, additional, Kremer, Karlea L, additional, Rao, Sushma R, additional, Mas, Emilie, additional, Snel, Marten F, additional, Trim, Paul J, additional, Sharma, Deeksha, additional, Edwards, Suzanne, additional, Jenkinson, Mark, additional, Kleinig, Timothy, additional, Noschka, Erik, additional, Hamilton-Bruce, Monica Anne, additional, and Koblar, Simon A, additional

Published
2022
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29. Attenuation of cisplatin induced myelosuppression by methanol extract of

Author

Dindukurthi Harinathbabu, Sushmitha, Channaiah, Ramesh, Belladamadagu Appajappa, Sowmya, Byrojai Rao, Sushma Bai, Pinkey, Rawal, and Shafi Ulla Khan, Shabana

Abstract

The present study was performed to evaluate the protective effects of methanol extract ofMyelosuppression in albino Wistar rats. All experimental animals were administered with cisplatin on 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day to induce bone marrow toxicity and rats were treated with methanol extract ofThe animals of therapeutic groups administered with extract ofThe methanol extract of

Published
2021

31. Architecture of the Musculus Uvulae- A Review

Author

C Mrudula, P Rao Sushma, S Surraj, and L Daisy

Subjects
cleft palate, velopharyngeal closure, palate repair, soft palate, Clinical Biochemistry, Medicine, Musculus uvulae, General Medicine, Anatomy, Architecture, Biology
Abstract

The architecture of the musculus uvulae is subject to controversy, especially with regard to its crucial role in maintaining the morphology of the cleft palate, and its involvement in surgical procedures of palate repair. Its functional role in the closure of the velum and elevation of the same leading to voice changes are also an element of debate. The fate and orientation of its muscle fibres and its reinforcement with other related muscles of the palate raise concerns with regard to its functional role. Its positioning in the soft palate would give us an insight on the exact role played by this muscle in velopharyngeal closure. Its nerve supply also remains shrouded by various theories without conclusive evidence. Hence, this review aims to highlight its morphological role for the same.

Published
2021

35. Developing a multivariable prediction model for functional outcome after reperfusion therapy for acute ischaemic stroke: study protocol for the Targeting Optimal Thrombolysis Outcomes (TOTO) multicentre cohort study

Author

Holliday, Elizabeth, primary, Lillicrap, Thomas, additional, Kleinig, Timothy, additional, Choi, Philip M C, additional, Maguire, Jane, additional, Bivard, Andrew, additional, Lincz, Lisa F, additional, Hamilton-Bruce, Monica Anne, additional, Rao, Sushma R, additional, Snel, Marten F, additional, Trim, Paul J, additional, Lin, Longting, additional, Parsons, Mark W, additional, Worrall, Bradford B, additional, Koblar, Simon, additional, Attia, John, additional, and Levi, Chris, additional

Published
2020
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36. Mechanosensory Stimulation via Nanchung Expressing Neurons Can Induce Daytime Sleep in Drosophila.

Author

Lone, Shahnaz Rahman, Potdar, Sheetal, Venkataraman, Archana, Sharma, Nisha, Kulkarni, Rutvij, Rao, Sushma, Mishra, Sukriti, Sheeba, Vasu, and Sharma, Vijay Kumar

Subjects
DROSOPHILA, DROSOPHILA melanogaster, SLEEP, NEURONS
Abstract

The neuronal and genetic bases of sleep, a phenomenon considered crucial for well-being of organisms, has been under investigation using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Although sleep is a state where sensory threshold for arousal is greater, it is known that certain kinds of repetitive sensory stimuli, such as rocking, can indeed promote sleep in humans. Here we report that orbital motion-aided mechanosensory stimulation promotes sleep of male and female Drosophila, independent of the circadian clock, but controlled by the homeostatic system. Mechanosensory receptor nanchung (Nan)-expressing neurons in the chordotonal organs mediate this sleep induction: flies in which these neurons are either silenced or ablated display significantly reduced sleep induction on mechanosensory stimulation. Transient activation of the Nan-expressing neurons also enhances sleep levels, confirming the role of these neurons in sleep induction. We also reveal that certain regions of the antennal mechanosensory and motor center in the brain are involved in conveying information from the mechanosensory structures to the sleep centers. Thus, we show, for the first time, that a circadian clock-independent pathway originating from peripherally distributed mechanosensors can promote daytime sleep of flies Drosophila melanogaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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37. Automatic ISP Image Quality Tuning Using Nonlinear Optimization

Author

Chyuan-Tyng Wu, Aleksandar Sutic, Timo Gerasimow, Gilad Michael, Jun Nishimura, and Rao Sushma

Subjects
Demosaicing, Computer science, Image quality, business.industry, Noise reduction, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Sharpening, Nonlinear programming, Human visual system model, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Image sensor, business, Block (data storage)
Abstract

Image Signal Processor (ISP) comprises of various blocks to reconstruct image sensor raw data to final image consumed by human visual system or computer vision applications. Each block typically has many tuning parameters due to the complexity of the operation. These need to be hand tuned by Image Quality (IQ) experts, which takes considerable amount of time. In this paper, we present an automatic IQ tuning using nonlinear optimization and automatic reference generation algorithms. The proposed method can produce high quality IQ in minutes as compared with weeks of hand-tuned results by IQ experts. In addition, the proposed method can work with any algorithms without being aware of their specific implementation. It was found successful on multiple different processing blocks such as noise reduction, demosaic, and sharpening.

Published
2018

40. The draft genome of tropical fruit durian (Durio zibethinus)

Author

Teh, Bin Tean, primary, Lim, Kevin, additional, Yong, Chern Han, additional, Ng, Cedric Chuan Young, additional, Rao, Sushma Ramesh, additional, Rajasegaran, Vikneswari, additional, Lim, Weng Khong, additional, Ong, Choon Kiat, additional, Chan, Ki, additional, Cheng, Vincent Kin Yuen, additional, Soh, Poh Sheng, additional, Swarup, Sanjay, additional, Rozen, Steven G, additional, Nagarajan, Niranjan, additional, and Tan, Patrick, additional

Published
2017
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43. Predicting Corporate Failure of ITI Ltd. by Applying Altman's Z-Score Model.

Author

Nandini, A. Satya, Zachariah, Minu, and Rao, Sushma

Subjects
PROFITABILITY, ECONOMIC demand, DEPRESSIONS (Economics), BANKRUPTCY
Abstract

To promote the Telecom Industry in India, the Government had established a PSU, Indian Telephones Industries Limited (ITI Ltd.) in the year 1950. It aimed at accommodating the nation's demand for defense and communication devices for almost 50 years. However, the major developments including the New Economic Policy in 1991 increased competition, which significantly impacted the profitability level of ITI Ltd. It was filed under Sick Industrial Companies Act (SICA) in 2003 and reported losses for 14 years. The impact of the Great Depression on firms compelled Professor Edward Altman to propose a bankruptcy prediction model, i.e.: Altman's Z-Score Model, which provided financial implications. Thus, through a case study approach, this study aimed to understand if ITI Ltd. had used an effective tool like Altman Z-Score Model, would it implicateon the financial health beforehand. Profitability ratio analysis and the model were used for the purpose. The Z-Scores using financial data for 22 years revealed that ITI Ltd. was at the Grey Zone prior to insolvency. The findings proved that application of financial models would play a major role in predicting bankruptcy. It will facilitate in reviewing the effectiveness of existing strategies, with a view to eventually meet stakeholders' interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018

44. Application of Human-computer Interaction Theories to Information Design on Internet Portals

Author

Rao, Sushma, Industrial and Systems Engineering, Smith-Jackson, Tonya L., Williges, Robert C., and Scales, Glenda R.

Subjects
Information Foraging Theory, Internet Portals, Remote Data Collection, Information Scent, HCI Theories, Human-computer Interaction, Web Information Design
Abstract

Internet portals are increasingly becoming a primary source of information. A portal is a gateway to information on the Internet or a hub from which users may locate relevant information (Strauss, 2000). Because university Web sites have various user classes, universities are beginning to adopt the portal concept for their Web sites. The study conducted aimed to determine the effect of tailoring information content and presentation style on a university Web portal. User ratings of information design on three metrics and user task performance measures of time and errors were compared for four prototypes. Three prototypes were built on the basis of user requirements and two Human-computer Interaction (HCI) theories and one was a replica of an existing academic information portal. The three metrics were derived from the HCI theories. The contributions of the study are a determination of user acceptance of and user performance with the tailored presentation styles and three metrics derived from HCI theories that can be used to compare alternative information presentation styles for portals. An important contribution is the remote data collection technique that was used in the study and a time-stamping technique that recorded clicks on hyperlinks. Master of Science

Published
2002

47. Green Tea Polyphenol-Induced Epidermal Keratinocyte Differentiation Is Associated with Coordinated Expression of p57/KIP2 and Caspase 14

Author

Hsu, Stephen, primary, Yamamoto, Tetsuya, additional, Borke, James, additional, Walsh, Douglas S., additional, Singh, Baldev, additional, Rao, Sushma, additional, Takaaki, Kamatani, additional, Nah-Do, Nam, additional, Lapp, Carol, additional, Lapp, David, additional, Foster, Emily, additional, Bollag, Wendy B., additional, Lewis, Jill, additional, Wataha, John, additional, Osaki, Tokio, additional, and Schuster, George, additional

Published
2004
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49. Green tea polyphenol-induced epidermal keratinocyte differentiation is associated with coordinated expression of p57/KIP2 and caspase 14.

Author

Hsu, Stephen, Yamamoto, Tetsuya, Borke, James, Walsh, Douglas S, Singh, Baldev, Rao, Sushma, Takaaki, Kamatani, Nah-Do, Nam, Lapp, Carol, Lapp, David, Foster, Emily, Bollag, Wendy B, Lewis, Jill, Wataha, John, Osaki, Tokio, and Schuster, George

Abstract

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, exerts chemopreventive effects by selectively inducing apoptosis in tumor cells. In contrast, EGCG accelerates terminal differentiation in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) mediated partially by up-regulation of p57/KIP2, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that confers growth arrest and differentiation. However, it is unclear if EGCG modulates caspase 14, a unique regulator of epithelial cell terminal differentiation associated with cornification. Here, we examined the effect of EGCG on caspase 14 expression in NHEK and correlated the protein and mRNA expression of p57/KIP2 with those of caspase 14 in either normal keratinocytes or p57/KIP2-expressing tumor cells (OSC2, an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line). Additionally, paraffin-embedded normal and untreated psoriatic (aberrant keratinization) skin sections from humans were assessed for caspase 14 by immunohistochemistry. In NHEK, EGCG induced the expression of caspase 14 mRNA and protein levels within a 24-h period. The expression of p57/KIP2 in OSC2 cells was adequate to induce caspase 14 in the absence of EGCG; this induction of caspase 14 was down-regulated by transforming growth factor-beta1. In human psoriatic skin samples, caspase 14 staining in the upper epidermis was reduced, especially in nuclear areas. These results suggest that, in addition to p57/KIP2, EGCG-induced terminal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes involves up-regulation of caspase 14. Further understanding of how EGCG modulates cellular differentiation may be useful in developing green tea preparations for selected clinical applications.

Published
2005
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50. FAST-IT: F ind A S imple T est - I n T IA (transient ischaemic attack): a prospective cohort study to develop a multivariable prediction model for diagnosis of TIA through proteomic discovery and candidate lipid mass spectrometry, neuroimaging and machine learning-study protocol.

Author

Milton AG, Lau S, Kremer KL, Rao SR, Mas E, Snel MF, Trim PJ, Sharma D, Edwards S, Jenkinson M, Kleinig T, Noschka E, Hamilton-Bruce MA, and Koblar SA

Subjects
Humans, Lipids, Machine Learning, Mass Spectrometry, Neuroimaging, Prospective Studies, Proteomics, Ischemic Attack, Transient diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Introduction: Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) may be a warning sign of stroke and difficult to differentiate from minor stroke and TIA-mimics. Urgent evaluation and diagnosis is important as treating TIA early can prevent subsequent strokes. Recent improvements in mass spectrometer technology allow quantification of hundreds of plasma proteins and lipids, yielding large datasets that would benefit from different approaches including machine learning. Using plasma protein, lipid and radiological biomarkers, our study will develop predictive algorithms to distinguish TIA from minor stroke (positive control) and TIA-mimics (negative control). Analysis including machine learning employs more sophisticated modelling, allowing non-linear interactions, adapting to datasets and enabling development of multiple specialised test-panels for identification and differentiation., Methods and Analysis: Patients attending the Emergency Department, Stroke Ward or TIA Clinic at the Royal Adelaide Hospital with TIA, minor stroke or TIA-like symptoms will be recruited consecutively by staff-alert for this prospective cohort study. Advanced neuroimaging will be performed for each participant, with images assessed independently by up to three expert neurologists. Venous blood samples will be collected within 48 hours of symptom onset. Plasma proteomic and lipid analysis will use advanced mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis will be performed using MS software. Output files will be analysed for relative biomarker quantitative differences between the three groups. Differences will be assessed by linear regression, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis H-test, χ 2 test or Fisher's exact test. Machine learning methods will also be applied including deep learning using neural networks., Ethics and Dissemination: Patients will provide written informed consent to participate in this grant-funded study. The Central Adelaide Local Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee approved this study (HREC/18/CALHN/384; R20180618). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and conferences; data will be managed according to our Data Management Plan (DMP2020-00062)., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2022
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