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Purpose: To gain an insight into the pathophysiology of RAB28-associated inherited retinal degeneration through detailed phenotyping and long-term longitudinal follow-up. Methods: The patient underwent complete ophthalmic examinations. Visual function was assessed with microperimetry, full-field electroretinography (ffERG), imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT), short-wave (SW), and near-infrared (NIR) fundus autofluorescence (FAF). Results: A healthy Haitian woman with homozygous pathogenic variants (c.68C > T; p.Ser23Phe) in RAB28 presented at 16 years of age with a four-year history of blurred vision. Visual acuities were 20/125 in each eye, which remained relatively stable since. At age 27, cone ffERGs were non-detectable and borderline for rod-mediated responses. Kinetic fields were full to a V-4e target, undetectable to a small I-4e stimulus. Microperimetry showed an absolute central scotoma surrounded by a pericentral relative scotoma. SD-OCT showed an undetectable or barely detectable foveal and parafoveal photoreceptor outer nuclear layer (ONL), photoreceptor outer segment (POS), and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) signals and loss of the SW- and NIR-FAF signals. This atrophic region was separated from a normally laminated retina by a narrow transition zone (TZ) of hyper SW- and NIR-FAF that co-localized with preserved ONL but abnormally thinned POS and RPE. There was minimal centrifugal (<100 $\mu $ μ m) expansion over a six-year period. Conclusion: The cone-rod dystrophy phenotype documented herein supports a critical role of RAB28 for cone function and POS maintenance. Severe central photoreceptor and RPE loss with a predilection for POS loss in TZs suggests possible disruptions of complex mechanisms that maintain central cone photoreceptor and RPE homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National statistics point to the severe problem of hunger and undernutrition within indigenous communities in India. Several state interventions exist, in terms of both supplementary feeding and nutritional literacy, yet not much progress is visible. This paper explores the experiences of a participatory, educational, action research programme on nutrition for indigenous women and men in Eastern India. Spanning a period of three years, it examines the adult learning approaches involved in the process and their implications for gender relations as well as improved nutritional outcomes. It became clear, that to bring change, the facilitators needed to listen to women's voices and question their own assumptions about ethnicity/caste, class and gender, as well as nutrition. Based mainly on their field reports, this paper seeks to highlight the emergent insights in terms of indigenous women's priorities, their focus on the 'collective', and emphasis on recognition and reciprocity, vis-a-vis institutions of both state and society, articulated during the process of dialogue, reflection, action and learning.