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Hui Rao,1 Xianfang Wang,2 Yu Luo,3 Liu Liang,1 Wei Ye,1 Xuemin Guo1 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Gynaecology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xuemin Guo, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China, Email Guoxm12@126.comBackground: The role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in cardiovascular diseases has been gradually studied. However, it is unclear whether ALDH2 polymorphism is associated with the risk of early onset (onset age ≤ 55 years old in men and ≤ 65 years old in women) coronary artery stenosis (CAS). The association between ALDH2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs671 and risk in patients with early onset CAS was investigated in this study.Methods: The study included 213 early onset CAS patients and 352 individuals without CAS were set as controls. The ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - microarray. Differences in ALDH2 rs671 genotypes and alleles between patients and controls were compared. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting for gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking history, drinking history, and diabetes mellitus to assess the relationship between ALDH2 rs671 genotypes and early onset CAS risk.Results: The frequency of the ALDH2 rs671 G/G genotype was lower in the early onset CAS patients (43.7% vs 55.3%, p=0.007) than that in the controls. The frequency of the ALDH2 rs671 A allele was higher (32.9% vs 25.0%) than that in the controls (p=0.005). After adjusting for other confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression showed that ALDH2 rs671 A/A genotype (A/A vs G/G: odds ratio (OR) 2.508, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.130– 5.569, p=0.024), overweight (BMI≥ 24.0 vs 18.5– 23.9: OR 5.047, 95% CI: 3.275– 7.777, p< 0.001), history of smoking (yes vs no: OR 2.813, 95% CI: 1.595– 4.961, p< 0.001), and diabetes mellitus (yes vs no: OR 2.191, 95% CI: 1.397– 3.437, p=0.001) were the independent risk factors of early onset CAS.Conclusion: In men ≤ 55 years old and women ≤ 65 years old, individuals with ALDH2 rs671 A/A genotype, overweight (BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m2), smoking history, and diabetes mellitus increased risk of developing CAS.Keywords: aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, gene polymorphism, coronary artery stenosis, early onset

Qiang Fu,1 Na Han,1 Na Li,2 Ling Gui,3 Chen Shi,4 Peipei Rong,5 Fan Zeng,1 He Rao,6 Yuan Chen1 On behalf of Cancer Rehabilitation and Palliative Treatment Professional Committee of Hubei Anti Cancer Association1Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China; 2Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Qiang Fu; Yuan Chen, Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People’s Republic of China, Email fqiang2016@163.com; chenyuan008@163.comAbstract: Pain is one of the most common clinical symptoms of cancer patients, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients and bringing heavy mental and economic burden to families and society. The treatment of cancer pain in China is facing numerous challenges, one of which includes the irrational usage of analgesic drugs in clinical practice. As a strong opioid analgesic, transdermal fentanyl patch has been widely used due to its convenient clinical application and obvious therapeutic effect. Several basic-level hospitals and even general hospitals in China fail to appropriate the application of drugs in clinical application due to the lack of understanding of the pharmacological characteristics and clinical application of fentanyl transdermal patch by medical staff, seriously affecting the treatment quality. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen the rational use and management of fentanyl transdermal patches. Accordingly, the initiation by the Cancer Rehabilitation and Palliative Treatment Professional Committee of the Hubei Anti-cancer Association launched the compilation of the “Guidelines for Rational Clinical Use of Fentanyl Transdermal Patch” (from now on referred to as the “Guidelines”) in Hubei Province, China. The experts in the preparation group are experts in many disciplines, such as medicine, pharmacy, and nursing. The expert group determines the outline, prepares the required regulations, and revises it repeatedly. Moreover, these experts put forward suggestions for revision to strictly control the accuracy and scientific authenticity of the contents of the “Guide”. Finally, all experts of the preparation team certify and finalize the draft. This “Guide” prepared by experts of the Cancer Rehabilitation and Palliative Treatment Professional Committee of the Hubei Anti-cancer Association and the expert advisory group with joint efforts, aims to play a positive role in promoting the rational clinical use of fentanyl transdermal patch, reducing the mental and economic burden of patients, and ensuring medical quality and medical safety.Keywords: fentanyl transdermal patch, reasonable application, medication guidelines

Yu Luo,1,2 Ru Pan,1,2 Hui Rao,2,3 Xing Chen,4 Haikun Yang1,2 1Department of Gynaecology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Laboratory Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Data Center, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Haikun Yang, Department of Gynaecology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Add: No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China, Email 13923023911@139.comObjective: To investigate the relationship between BRCA1/2 gene mutation and clinicopathological features in ovarian cancer patients, so as to develop precise individualized treatment plan for patients.Methods: Patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer between January 2018 and July 2023 who underwent BRCA1/2 genetic testing were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological characteristics (age, body mass index (BMI), family history of ovarian cancer, pregnancy history, menopause status, tumor size, histopathology, Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging, and ascites) of non-carriers and BRCA1/2 variant carriers were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between BRCA1/2 variants and clinicopathological characteristics of ovarian cancer.Results: A total of 284 ovarian cancer patients were collected, and the subjects were divided into two groups, 197 non-carriers and 87 BRCA1/2 variants carriers. The proportion of serous ovarian carcinoma in BRCA1/2 variant carriers is higher than that in non-BRCA variant carriers (78.2% vs 60.9%, p=0.015). There were 51 patients with BRCA pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant, 22 patients with BRCA likely benign variant, and 14 patients with BRCA variants of uncertain significance (VUS). The proportion of serous ovarian carcinoma in patients with BRCA pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant is higher than that in patients with BRCA likely benign variant and BRCA VUS (94.1% vs 50.0% and 64.3%. p< 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in BMI, family history of ovarian cancer, pregnancy history, menopause status, maximum diameter of the tumor lesion, FIGO stage, and ascites among patients with different grades of variants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serous ovarian carcinoma was related to BRCA mutation (Serous carcinoma vs non-serous carcinoma: OR 2.145, 95% CI: 1.044– 4.407) (p=0.038).Conclusion: Patients with BRCA1 variant develop ovarian cancer at a younger age than those with the BRCA2 variant. The proportion of FIGO stage III–IV in patients with BRCA pathogenic + likely pathogenic variant was significantly higher than those in patients with other variants. Germline BRCA1/2 variants were most frequently identified in serous ovarian carcinoma patients.Keywords: ovarian cancer, BRCA1, BRCA2, clinicopathological characteristics

For the first time, the current work has carried out a chemical treatment of a novel ligno-cellulose fiber that is extracted from the bark of an unexplored plant of Careya arborea. Careya arborea (CA), a flowering tree known for its green berries, thrives in the Indian subcontinent and Afghanistan. This research was focused on extracting fibers from the bark of the Cary tree for the first time to corroborate the influence of chemical treatment on its different characteristics. These CA fibers have a high proportion of cellulose, consisting of 71.17 wt percent, together with 27.86 wt percent of hemicellulose, and a reduced density of 1140 kg/m3, making them a suitable candidate for creating lightweight applications in a variety of industries. Chemical treatment has done on the cay fiber with the concentrations of NaOH 5 (wt%), 10 (wt%), and 15 (wt%) solution mixture to improve their characteristics. Estimated the difference between Chemically processed and non-processed Cary fibers and corroborated in results. We performed a number of experiments, including FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDAX, AFM, and TGA, to fully comprehend the changing properties. Chemical testing showed that cellulose changed from its non-crystalline state to cellulose, proving that the treatment was successful in changing the fibre structure. Additionally, the thermo-gravimetric examination showed higher thermal stability 248 °C–325 °C and a rise in the crystallinity index, indicating the treated fibers’ improved potential for high-temperature applications. The treated Cary fibers exhibited excellent surface properties, promising improved adhesion, mechanical performance, offering lightweight and sustainable solutions for diverse applications.

Tianxin Mao,1,2 Ya Chai,3 Bowen Guo,1 Peng Quan,3,4 Hengyi Rao1,3,5 1Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 4Research Center for Quality of Life and Applied Psychology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China; 5Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USACorrespondence: Hengyi Rao, Center for Functional Neuroimaging & Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Room D502, Richards Medical Research Building, 3700 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4202, USA, Email hengyi@gmail.comPurpose: Many studies have investigated the cognitive, emotional, and other impairments caused by sleep restriction. However, few studies have explored the relationship between cognitive performance and changes in sleep structure and electroencephalography (EEG) during sleep. The present study aimed to examine whether changes in sleep structure and EEG can account for cognitive impairment caused by sleep restriction.Patients and Methods: Sixteen young adults spent five consecutive nights (adaptation 9h, baseline 8h, 1st restriction 6h, 2nd restriction 6h, and recovery 10h) in a sleep laboratory, with polysomnography recordings taken during sleep. Throughout waking periods in each condition, participants completed the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), which measures vigilant attention, and the Go/No-Go task, which measures inhibition control.Results: The results showed that sleep restriction significantly decreased the proportion of N1 and N2 sleep, increased the proportion of N3 sleep, and reduced the time spent awake after sleep onset (WASO) and sleep onset latency. Poorer performance on the PVT and Go/No Go task was associated with longer WASO, a larger proportion of N3 sleep, and a smaller proportion of N2 sleep. Additionally, the power spectral density of delta waves significantly increased after sleep restriction, and this increase predicted a decrease in vigilance and inhibition control the next day.Conclusion: These findings suggest that sleep architecture and EEG signatures may partially explain cognitive impairment caused by sleep restriction.Keywords: sleep restriction, sleep architecture, sleep EEG, vigilance, inhibition control

Background: There are very limited studies on survival analyses of malignant melanoma from the rural and southern part of India and hence we present our retrospective analyses on treatment outcomes of patients diagnosed as Malignant Melanoma from our institution. Objectives: To calculate the median overall survival [OS] and median Disease Free Survival [DFS] of patients with malignant melanoma diagnosed and treated at our institution. Patients and methods: Between 2014 and 2022, histologically confirmed patients with malignant melanoma were included and were followed up for the survival analysis. Results: There were 107 patients analyzed with a median age of 58 years [range 29-85 years], gender wise male patients were 64.5% [n=69] and female patients were 35.5%[n=38]. The most common primary site was extremities 65.4% [n=70]. The median follow up duration of patients was 12 months [range: 1-36 months]. Most commonly patients presented with stage IV disease 52.3% [n=56]. Patients that underwent surgery were 51% [n=55]. Median disease free survival for these patients was 23 months [95% CI-18-28 months]. Median overall survival for the entire group of patients at the end of 3 years was 9 months [95% CI-5.6-13 months]. Conclusion: Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive cutaneous malignancy ever to be discovered by mankind. The battle for cure is far from over and requires an even more aggressive strategy to meagerly improve the outcomes for these patients.