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The genus-level recognition of monophyletic short-legged toads ( Brachytarsophrys) has been recently implicated in the taxonomic debate of Megophrys sensu lato. In the present study, Brachytarsophrys is reasonably regarded as a distinct genus based on significant morphological differentiations and recent molecular analyses. Furthermore, a comprehensive review of this genus is performed, with two species groups proposed based on morphological differences and phylogenetic relationships. Particularly, Brachytarsophrys platyparietus is removed as a synonym of Brachytarsophrys carinense and considered a valid species due to significant genetic divergence and distinct morphological differences. In addition, a new species, Brachytarsophrys orientalis sp. nov., is described based on a series of specimens collected from southeastern China. This work takes the member species of the genus Brachytarsophrys to seven, suggesting that the diversity of Brachytarsophrys is underestimated. In addition, the genus levels of other monophyletic groups within the subfamily Megophryinae are discussed.

We assessed taxonomic relationship of Tylototriton daweishanensis Zhao, Rao, Liu, Li and Yuan, 2012 and T. yangi Hou, Li and Lu, 2012 using mitochondrial DNA sequence data and found them to be as closely related as to be regarded as conspecific. This result, together with available morphological information, strongly indicates that T. daweishanensis is a junior synonym of T. Yangi.

Yang, Jian-Huan, Wang, Ying-Yong, Chen, Guo-Ling, Rao, Ding-Qi (2016): A new species of the genus Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from Mt. Gaoligongshan of western Yunnan Province, China. Zootaxa 4088 (3): 379-394, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4088.3.4

Leptolalax tengchongensis sp. nov. Holotype. SYS a004600, adult male, calling at the base of a shrub about 3 m away from a rocky stream. The stream was 3���4 m wide, flowing through a montane evergreen broadleaf forest at Linjiapu substation of the Tengchong Section of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, China (25��17'51.26'' N, 98��42'03.93'' E, 2100 m above sea level), collected at 23:40 h on 16 May 2015 by J.H. Yang. Paratypes. SYS a004596, adult male, calling under rock by the side of the stream, from the same locality as holotype, collected by J.H. Yang on 29 April 2014; SYS a004597, a004599 and a004601, three adult males, data identical to holotype; SYS a004598 and a004602, two adult females, collection data identical to holotype. Etymology. The specific epithet, ��� tengchongensis ���, is in reference to the type locality, Tengchong County of Yunnan Province, China. For the common name, we suggest ���Tengchong Leaf Litter Toad���. Diagnosis. The new species is assigned to the genus Leptolalax by the possession of the following morphological characters considered to be diagnostic for the genus: (1) comparatively small size; (2) rounded finger tips, the presence of an elevated inner palmar tubercle not continuous to the thumb; (3) presence of macroglands on body including supra-axillary, pectoral, femoral and ventrolateral glands; (4) vomerine teeth absent; (5) tubercles on eyelids present and (6) anterior tip of snout with whitish vertical bar (Dubois 1983; Matsui 1997, 2006; Lathrop et al. 1998; Delorme et al. 2006; Das et al. 2010); and it is further assigned to the subgenus Lalos based on the presence of a ventrolateral gland (Ohler et al. 2011). Leptolalax tengchongensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: (1) small size (SVL 23.9���26.0 mm in males, 28.8���28.9 mm in females); (2) dorsal skin shagreened and scattered with fine, round reddish tubercles; (3) toes with rudimentary webbing and narrow lateral fringes; (4) tympanum distinctly discernible, almost entirely black; (5) ventrolateral glands indistinct; (6) flanks with several distinct and large dark blotches; (7) ventral side whitish, scattered with distinct irregular dark speckling; (8) iris not bicolored, uniformly dark brown and scattered with minute, coppery reticulations throughout. Description of holotype. SYS a004600 (Fig. 3, 4), adult male, body size small (SVL 26.0 mm), head width equal to head length; snout slightly protruding, projecting slightly beyond margin of the lower jaw; nostril equidistant between snout and eye; canthus rostralis gently rounded; loreal region slightly concave; interorbital space flat, larger (IOD 3.2 mm) than upper eyelid (2.5 mm in width) and internarial distance (2.6 mm); pineal ocellus absent; vertical pupil; eye diameter smaller than snout length; tympanum distinct, round, diameter (TMP 1.5 mm) smaller than that of the eye (EYE 3.3 mm), and larger than tympanum-eye distance (TEY 0.9 mm); tympanic rim slightly elevated relative to skin of temporal region; vomerine teeth absent; vocal sac openings slitlike, located posterolaterally on floor of mouth in close proximity to the margins of the mandible; tongue long, wide, with a small shallow notch at posterior tip; supratympanic ridge distinct, extending from eye to supra-axillary gland; tubercles present on supratympanic ridge. Tips of fingers rounded, slightly swollen; relative finger lengths I = II = IV Coloration of holotype in life. Dorsal surface brown with distinct darker brown markings and scattered with light coppery and irregular spots (Fig. 4); V-shaped interorbital marking connected to the W-shaped marking between axillae, and continuously connected to the inverted V-shaped, irregular marking above sacrum; fine, distinct reddish tubercles on upper eyelids, snout, head, dorsal surfaces of body and limbs, those on lower flanks somewhat whitish; anterior upper lip with distinct blackish brown patches; blackish brown line along canthus rostralis, through eye, and continuing below supratympanic ridge, terminating above arm insertion, encompassing posterior edge of nare and most of tympanum; a blackish brown spot present on loreal region; transverse dark brown bars on dorsal surface of limbs; large, black blotches on flanks from groin to axilla; elbow and upper arms without dark bars but with distinct coppery orange coloration; fingers and toes with transverse bars. Ventral surface white, with distinct irregular and moderate dark brown spots on chest and belly, and dark marbling on throat; lateral lower lip dark brown scattered with irregular white spots. Supra-axillary gland coppery orange; femoral and pectoral glands white and distinct; ventrolateral glands white, somewhat indistinct from the white venter. Iris not bicolored, uniform dark brown, scattered with minute, coppery reticulations throughout. Coloration of holotype in preservative. Dorsum dark brown with slightly paler limbs (Fig. 3 A, B). Ventral surface dull white, with dark brown spots on chest and belly, and marbling on throat. Dorsal color pattern turns to shades of gray and macroglands on the ventral surfaces become less distinct. Variation. All six paratypes match the overall characters of the holotype (for measurements of the type series see Table 3). All type specimens possess a dull white venter scattered with distinct dark blotches and marbling except that the dark patterns on venter is somewhat indistinct in the smallest male paratype, SYS a004597 (Fig. 6). No significant differences between males and females were revealed (Fig. 5), however females are slightly larger than males (SVL 28.8���28.9 mm in females versus 23.8���26.0 mm in males). Distribution and natural history. Leptolalax tengchongensis sp. nov. is so far only known from its type locality, near Linjiapu substation (a rangers��� station) of the Tengchong Section of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Tengchong County, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China. The new species was found along a clearwater rocky stream (ca. 3���4 m in width and ca. 30 cm in depth) and small nearby seeps in well-preserved montane evergreen broadleaf forest at elevations between 2000���2100 m (Fig. 7); calling males were found mainly hidden under leaf litter, and some were found calling under rocks by the side of the stream. We conducted three rapid field surveys in the type locality of the new species between April 2014 and July 2015. During the first survey, 28���30 April 2014, very few males of Leptolalax tengchongensis sp. nov. were heard calling and only one male was found and collected, but during the third survey between 15���18 May 2015, calling males of the new species were ubiquitous along the main stream and riparian forest, and five calling adult males and two gravid adult females were collected. No calls and specimens were detected during the second survey on 9��� 10 December 2014. Comparison. By the presence of supra-axillary and ventrolateral glands, Leptolalax tengchongensis sp. nov. can be allocated into the subgenus Lalos Dubois, Grosjean, Ohler, Adler & Zhao, 2010, and distinctly differs from the 14 known species of the subgenus Leptolalax, i.e., L. arayai, L. dringi, L. fritinniens, L. gracilis, L. hamidi, L. heteropus, L. kajangensis, L. kecil, L. marmoratus, L. maurus, L. pictus, L. platycephalus, L. sabahmontanus and L. solus, all of which occur south of the Isthmus of Kra and lack supra-axillary and ventrolateral glands (Dubois et al. 2010; Dehling & Matsui 2013; Matsui et al. 2014b). Compared to the 30 recognized species in the subgenus Lalos, the relatively small size of Leptolalax tengchongensis sp. nov. (SVL 23.8���26.0 mm in five adult males and 28.8���28.9 mm in two adult females) differs from the larger L. alpinus (females 31.7���32.5 mm), L. botsfordi (males 29.1���32.6 mm, females 30.0���31.8 mm), L. bourreti (males 28.0���36.2 mm, females 42.0���45.0 mm), L. eos (males 33.1���34.7 mm, female 40.7 mm), L. firthi (males 26.4���29.2 mm), L. fuliginosus (males 28.2���30.0 mm), L. lateralis (males 26.9���28.3 mm, female 36.6 mm), L. melanoleucus (males 26.6���28.8 mm, female 32.7 mm), L. minimus (males 25.7���31.4 mm, females 31.6���37.3 mm), L. nahangensis (male 40.8 mm), L. nyx (males 26.7���32.6 mm, females 37.0���41.0 mm), L. oshanensis (males 26.6���30.7 mm, female 31.6 mm), L. pelodytoides (males 27.5���32.3 mm, females 35.5���37.8 mm), L. pyrrhop (males 30.3���33.9 mm, females 30.8���34.3 mm), L. sungi (males 48.3���52.7 mm, females 56.7���58.9 mm), L. tamdil (male 32.3 mm, female 31.8 mm), L. ventripunctatus (females 31.5���35.0 mm), and L. zhangyapingi (males 45.8���52.5 mm), and the smaller L. applebyi (males 19.6���20.8 mm, female 21.7 mm), and L. melicus (males 19.5��� 22.7 mm), L. pluvialis (males 21.0���22.0 mm). In having an iris of uniform coloration, L. tengchongensis sp. nov. differs from L. alpinus, L. bidoupensis, L. eos, L. firthi, L. fuliginosus, L. isos, L. khasiorum, L. melanoleucus, L. minimus, L. pluvialis, L. pyrrhop, L. tamdil, L. ventripunctatus and L. zhangyapingi, all of which have a distinctly bicolored iris. In having toes with rudimentary webbing and narrow lateral fringes on toes, L. tengchongensis sp. nov. differs from L. applebyi, L. croceus, L. melanoleucus, L. melicus, L. minimus, L. nahangensis, L. nyx, L. oshanensis, L. pluvialis, L. pyrrhop, L. tuberosus and L. ventripunctatus, all of which lack lateral fringes on toes; L. eos, L. khasiorum, L. laui, L. liui and L. zhangyapingi, all of which have wide fringes on toes. In having a distinct tympanum L. tengchongensis sp. nov. further differs from L. croceus, L. sungi and L. tuberosus, all of which have an indistinct tympanum. In having distinct large black blotches on flanks, L. tengchongensis sp. nov. differs from L. botsfordi, L. croceus, L. eos, L. firthi and L. isos (without black markings on flanks); and further differs L. aereus, L. alpinus, L. applebyi, L. laui, L. liui, L. pluvialis, L. sungi and L. tamdil, all of which have lesser, smaller and/or indistinct dark spots on flanks. In having distinct dark brown speckling on the chest and belly, and marbling on the throat, L. tengchongensis sp. nov. differs from L. aereus, L. bourreti, L. eos, L. firthi, L. isos, L. khasiorum, L. laui, L. liui, L. minimus, L. nahangensis, L. nys, L. oshanensis, L. pelodytoides, L. sungi, L. tamdil and L. zhangyapingi, all of which have an immaculate white or pale grey belly; and from L. applebyi (brownish pink ventral surface with white speckling), L. bidoupensis (dark brownish red ventral surface with white speckling), L. botsfordi (dark brownish red ventral surface with white speckling), and L. croceus (bright orange belly in life, fades to cream in preservative)., Published as part of Yang, Jian-Huan, Wang, Ying-Yong, Chen, Guo-Ling & Rao, Ding-Qi, 2016, A new species of the genus Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from Mt. Gaoligongshan of western Yunnan Province, China, pp. 379-394 in Zootaxa 4088 (3) on pages 384-391, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4088.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/264950

Yang, Jian-Huan, Rao, Ding-Qi, Wang, Ying-Yong (2015): A new species of the genus Liuixalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from southern China. Zootaxa 3990 (2): 247-258, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3990.2.5

Liuixalus feii sp. nov. Holotype. SYS a002389, adult male, from Heishiding Nature Reserve, Fengkai County, Guangdong Province, China (23 �� 27 ' 10.4 '' N, 111 �� 53 ' 15.4 '' E, 550 m a.s.l.; Fig. 2), collected by Yu-Long Li and Jian Zhao at night on 6 October 2013. Paratypes. Four adult males and two adult females from the same locality as holotype: SYS a000454, adult female, collected by Jian-Huan Yang on 29 May 2009; SYS a002158, adult male, collected by YLL and JZ on 1 June 2013; SYS a002388, adult female, and a002390, adult male, same data as holotype; SYS a003049��� 3050, adult males, collected by Ying-Yong Wang and Zu-Yao Liu on 15 July 2014. Etymology. The specific epithet ��� feii ��� is a patronymic noun in the genitive singular; derived from the name of Professor Liang Fei of the Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, in recognition of his long-term great contribution to the advancement of amphibian research in China. For the common name, we suggest ���Fei���s Small Tree Frog��� in English, ���Fei Shi Xiao Shu Wa��� in Chinese. Diagnosis. The new species is assigned to the genus Liuixalus by presenting the following characters: body size small; tympanum well distinct and about half the eye diameter; fingers without webbing; toes weakly webbed; hindlimb relatively long, tibio-tarsal articulation reaching the naris or loreal; discs on the digits well developed, discs of toes slightly smaller than disks of fingers; dorsum of body with a X-shaped marking (Milto et al. 2013). Liuixalus feii sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of following characters: small size (SVL 16.2���17.6 mm in adult males and 18.0��� 18.7 mm in adult females); snout obtusely pointed; tympanum distinct, about half size of eye diameter; nostril closer to eye than to the tip of snout; fingers free of webbing; toe III longer than toe V; toes weakly webbed; tibiotarsal articulation reaching the naris or loreal; dorsal skin smooth and scattered with fine granulars; a subtle longitudinal median ridge present on dorsum; weak skin folds present on dorsal surface of body and thighs; supratympanic fold distinct and curved; ventral surface dull white with more or less irregular dark spots; iris bicolored. Description of holotype. SYS a002389, adult male, body size small (SVL 16.8 mm), head length slightly greater than head width (HL 6.6 mm; HW 5.7 mm); snout obtusely pointed in dorsal view and profile, projecting beyond margin of the lower jaw; interorbital region flat; canthus rostralis distinct and rounded; loreal region slightly oblique and concave; nostrils oval, slightly protuberant, slightly closer to eye than to tip of snout; interorbital distance slightly greater than internasal distance; pupil horizontal; tympanum distinct, 48.0% of eye diameter, distant from eye by half of its own diameter (ratio of TED/TD 0.5); tympanic rim weakly elevated relative to skin of temporal region; interorbital distance wider than the upper eyelid; pineal ocellus absent; vomerine teeth absent; choanae rounded, at margins of mouth roof; tongue oblong, attached anteriorly and notched posteriorly; supratympanic fold distinct and somewhat curved, extending from behind eye to shoulder basis. Forelimbs moderately robust, relative length of fingers I Coloration of holotype in preservative. Dorsal surface pale brown with a dark X-shaped marking from behind the eyes, consisting of two crooked dark lines along body not in contact medially; a dark interorbital narrow bar between the eyes extending to the upper eyelids; dark transverse bars present on dorsal surface of fore and hind limbs: two on the lower arm, four on the thigh, three on the tibia; ventral surface dirty-white, scattered with few irregular dark spots on chest and venter; lateral of head dark brown, supratympanic fold distinctly darker; lower lip pale white with conspicuous dark bars; a remarkable dark blotch present on the anterior portion of shoulder joint; iris bicolored, upper third pale white, lower two third dark brown. Variation. All six paratypes match the overall characters of the holotype (measurements of type series see Table 3). All type specimens have a dark X-shaped marking on dorsum composed of two crooked dark lines, these lines are usually separated but are in contact medially in SYS a002158; the dark spots on the ventral surface are somewhat distinct in SYS a002388, 2390, 3049, 3050 (see Figs. 3���5 for coloration variation). No significant differences between males and females were revealed, however females are slightly larger than males (SVL 18.0��� 18.6 mm versus 16.2���17.6 mm). Of the five males, only SYS a003050 possesses distinct nuptial pad on the posterodorsal surface of finger I. Distribution and natural history. The new species, Liuixalus feii sp. nov., is currently known from Heishiding Nature Reserve, Fengkai County, Guangdong Province, China (Fig. 2). All individuals recorded were found on leaf-litter on the forest floor in well-preserved primary forest at elevations between 350��� 800 m. In its type locality, calls of males of Liuixalus feii sp. nov. have been heard from April to October. A small tree hole in the roots of a large tree (the hole opening approximately 28 mm wide, 64 mm high and 78 mm deep; water depth inside the hole about 20 mm), 10 cm above the ground, was found containing eight free-swimming tadpoles on 2 May 2010, as well as an adult male calling nearby. We assume these to belong to the new species, but have not confirmed it. All individuals of the new species were found on the forest floor and not closed to streams or pools; and no individual was recorded along the streams, ponds or other kinds of wetlands during our surveys in the nature reserve. Therefore, the new species appears to be a forest-dependent species and is likely a phytotelmbreeder, breeding in water accumulated in tree or bamboo holes in the forest. Comparisons. Liuixalus feii sp. nov. differs from L. calcarius by having nostril closer to eye than to tip of snout (reverse condition in L. calcarius); tibiotarsal articulation reaching the naris (versus beyond the tip of snout in L. calcarius); toe III longer than toe V (versus toe III length equal to toe V in L. calcarius); throat of males dull white (versus dark colored in males in L. calcarius). Liuixalus feii sp. nov. differs from L. hainanus by having a relatively smaller tympanum in males (mean ratio of TD/SVL 0.056 in L. feii sp. nov. versus 0.081 in L. hainanus); relatively shorter hindlimbs in males (mean ratio of HLL /SVL 1.65 in L. feii sp. nov. versus 1.68 in L. hainanus); relatively shorter tibias in males (mean ratio of TIB/SVL 0.53 in L. feii sp. nov. versus 0.64 in L. hainanus); tibiotarsal articulation reaching the naris (versus beyond the tip of snout in L. hainanus); the absence of beige speckling on the dorsum (versus present in L. hainanus, Fig. 6); the distinct difference in eye color pattern (iris bicolor in L. feii sp. nov. versus iris yellowish overall with distinct small dark spots above and below pupil in L. hainanus). Liuixalus feii sp. nov. differs from L. ocellatus by having relatively smaller tympanum in males (mean ratio of TD/SVL 0.056 in L. feii sp. nov. versus 0.078 in L. ocellatus); relatively shorter snout (mean ratio of SL/ SVL 0.15 in L. feii sp. nov. versus 0.18 in L. ocellatus); relatively longer hindlimbs in males (mean ratio of HLL / SVL 1.66 in L. feii sp. nov. versus 1.63 in L. ocellatus); tip of 1 st finger not enlarged and without disk (versus with tip of 1 st finger with distinct disk in L. ocellatus). Liuixalus feii sp. nov. differs from L. romeri by having relatively smaller tympanum in males (mean ratio of TD/SVL 0.056 in L. feii sp. nov. versus 0.088 in L. romeri); snout longer than eye diameter in males (mean ratio of ED/SL 0.85 in L. feii sp. nov. versus 1.07 in L. romeri); tibiotarsal articulation reaching the naris (versus reaching the tip of snout in L. romeri); fingers free of webbing (versus weakly webbing present between fingers III and V in L. romeri); toes weakly webbed (versus toes 1 / 3 webbed in L. romeri)., Published as part of Yang, Jian-Huan, Rao, Ding-Qi & Wang, Ying-Yong, 2015, A new species of the genus Liuixalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from southern China, pp. 247-258 in Zootaxa 3990 (2) on pages 251-255, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3990.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/239690, {"references":["Milto, K. D., Poyarkov, N. A., Orlov, N. L. & Nguyen, T. T. (2013) Two New Rhacophorid Frogs from Cat Ba Island, Gulf of Tonkin (Hai Phong Province, Vietnam). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 20 (4), 287 - 300."]}

Nguyen, Sang Ngoc, Yang, Jun-Xiao, Le, Thanh-Ngan Thi, Nguyen, Luan Thanh, Orlov, Nikolai L., Hoang, Chung Van, Nguyen, Truong Quang, Jin, Jie-Qiong, Rao, Ding-Qi, Hoang, Thao Ngoc, Che, Jing, Murphy, Robert W., Zhang, Ya-Ping (2014): DNA barcoding of Vietnamese bent-toed geckos (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) and the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3784 (1), DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3784.1.2

Cyrtodactylus puhuensis sp. nov. P�� Hu bent-toed gecko (Figs. 3���6) Holotype. KIZ 11665, an adult male from P�� Hu Nature Reserve, Thanh Hoa Province, Vietnam, 20 �� 33 ��� N, 104 �� 53 ��� E, 638 m, collected on 21 August 2011 by Hoang Van Chung, Yang Jun Xiao and Nguyen Ngoc Sang. Diagnosis. Medium sized, snout-vent length 79.24 mm; body moderately robust; tail 82.59 mm, longer than snout-vent length, with a series of medium enlarged transversal subcaudals; a series of medium enlarged femoral scales continue from precloacal scales; femoral scales without pores; males with five precloacal pores; supralabials 8; infralabials 10; narrow subdigital lamellae on fourth toe 23; ventral scales 36; and dorsal tubercles smooth or slightly keeled. Description of holotype. In addition to diagnosis. Head relatively depressed, height 9.53 mm, width 15.00 mm (height/width ratio 0.64), distinct from neck; supralabials 8, continuous with a row of small scales extending to the corner of the mouth, first contacting nostril; infralabials 10; supra- and infralabials nearest to rostral and mental largest in size; rostral large, width 3.27 mm, height 2.40 mm, vertical sunken groove in middle, contacting nostril; two internasals contact each other; mental nearly triangular, posteriorly contacting two large postmentals that contact one another and first infralabials (Fig. 5 C���E); gular scales much smaller than ventrals; head scales small, granular, with scattered tubercles in occipital and temporal areas; eye relatively large, 5.85 mm (eye/head width ratio 0.61), pupil vertical; supraciliary scales large, cover the eye anteriorly, superiorly, and posteriorly; ear opening oval, 1.90 mm, obliquely oriented, much smaller than eyes (ear/eye ratio 0.32); eye-nostril distance 7.00 mm, eyesnout distance 8.83 mm, eye-ear distance 6.27 mm, distance between eyes 8.06 mm, distance between nostrils 2.40 mm. Body elongate, trunk length 35.73 mm, with weak ventral-lateral folds; dorsal scales small, granular, not homogeneous; dorsal and lateral tubercles round, smooth or slightly keeled, not in rows; dorsal tubercles between thighs and base of tail conical and keeled; ventral scales fairly large, smooth, and flattened, about 36 midbody transversal ventrals; dorsal surface of limbs with granular scales and slightly keeled conical tubercles; basal subdigital lamellae narrow and irregular, largest in joints of digits; subdigital lamellae well developed at distal phalanx, as broad as the digit. Subdigital lamellae under fourth finger 18 and toe 23; digits unwebbed; forearm length 13.40 mm, crus length 16.00 mm. Precloacal scales large, flattened, and imbricate; about 8 large imbricate scales under a series of 8 precloacal scales arranged in ��-shape that bears five precloacal scales with pores; a series of moderately enlarged femoral scales on each side of thigh extend from the eight precloacal scales (Fig. 5 A); precloacal groove and femoral pores absent; tail round in cross-section, 82.59 mm in length, longer than snout-vent length; transversal subcaudals medium size, about a half size of tail width (Fig. 5 B); dorsum of proximal tail with conical tubercles extending down to the base tail. Color in life (Fig. 4). Dorsal and lateral background of body chocolate-black; dorsum with faint and irregular pale-yellowish transverse bands; dorsal tubercles at the transverse bands yellow to white, others colored as background; flanks with yellow to white tubercles; head dark brown with yellowish pattern; eyelids yellow; eye brown, with black vertical pupil; nuchal band chocolate-black, interrupted at nape; upper surface of legs and digits dark brown with yellow to white bands or blotches; unregenerated tail with seven black and white to yellowish alternating rings; white rings much more narrow than black; lower surfaces of flanks and legs white. Color in preservative (Fig. 6 A, B). In preservative, color slightly faded and pattern unchanged; body background black or dark brown, dorsal transverse bands white; dorsum and flanks with white tubercles. DNA barcode: GenBank Accession No. KF 929529. Comparisons. The new species was compared to other congeners in Indochina by using the following morphological characters: precloacal pores, subcaudal scales, ventral scales, continuous medium enlarged femoral scales, dorsal tubercles, dorsal pattern, nuchal band, and number of digital lamellae under the 4 th toe. Cyrtodactylus puhuensis sp. nov. differs from Vietnamese congeners, from C. bidoupimontis Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Phung, Nguyen, Hoang & Ziegler 2012, C. bugiamapensis Nazarov, Poyarkov, Orlov, Phung, Nguyen, Hoang & Ziegler 2012, C. cattienensis Geissler, Nazarov, Orlov, B��hme, Phung, Nguyen & Ziegler 2009, C. cryptus Heidrich, R��sler, Vu, B��hme & Ziegler 2007, C. dati Ngo 2013, C. huynhi Ngo & Bauer 2008, C. irregularis (Smith 1921 b, 1935), C. pseudoquadrivirgatus R��sler, Nguyen, Vu, Ngo & Ziegler 2008, and C. ziegleri Nazarov, Orlov, Nguyen & Ho 2008, in having a series of moderately enlarged subcaudal scales and continuous precloacal-femoral scales. The new species differs from C. martini Ngo 2011 in having a series of transversal and enlarged subcaudal scales (versus small or medium ones, not transversely enlarged) and a higher number of precloacal pores (5 versus 4 in all four males from the type series). By having series of moderately enlarged femoral scales continuous to the precloacal scales, C. puhuensis sp. nov. differs from C. badenensis Nguyen, Orlov & Darevsky 2006, C. caovansungi Orlov, Nguyen, Nazarov, Ananjeva & Nguyen 2007, C. cucphuongensis Ngo & Onn 2011, C. eisenmanae Ngo 2008, C. grismeri Ngo 2008, C. huongsonensis Luu, Nguyen, Do & Ziegler 2011, C. kingsadai Ziegler, Phung, Le & Nguyen 2013, C. nigriocularis Nguyen, Orlov & Darevsky 2006, and C. takouensis Ngo & Bauer 2008. In addition, the new species differs from C. badenensis, C. cucphuongensis, C. eisenmanae, C. grismeri, and C. nigriocularis in having 5 precloacal pores (versus 0, or 0���2 in the last species); from C. huongsonensis and C. kingsadai by absence of femoral pores (versus 17 or 3���7 femoral pores on both thighs, respectively); and from C. caovansungi and C. bichnganae Ngo & Grismer 2010 by lacking femoral pores (versus 3, or 9 on each thigh, respectively) and having a less precloacal pores (5 versus 9 or 10, respectively). Our examination of the type, paratype and additional specimens collected from the type locality (Appendix 1) showed C. chauquangensis Hoang, Orlov, Ananjeva, Johns, Hoang & Dau 2007 differed from the new species. First, C. chauquangensis has a uniform transversal butterfly-shaped pattern on dorsum (Fig. 7) while the new species shows faint, thin, and irregular dorsal bands. Second, femoral scale rows in C. chauquangensis are undeveloped; they are the same size as other femoral scales. The new species has series of moderately enlarged femoral scales (Fig. 5 A). Third, C. chauquangensis has 6���7 precloacal pores, except for topotype CQ 526, which has 8 pores. In contrast, the new species has 5 pores only. The new gecko differs from C. condorensis (Smith 1921 a) by the distribution of precloacal pores (in a chevron versus 4���7 in two juxtaposed rows) and dorsal tubercles (smooth or slightly keeled versus subtrihedral) (Smith 1935; Ngo & Grismer 2012); from C. paradoxus (Darevsky & Szczerbak 1997) by having more and differently arranged precloacal pores (5 in chevron versus 0���4 in two juxtaposed rows) (Orlov et al. 2007); and from C. thochuensis Ngo & Grismer 2012 by the chevron arrangement of its precloacal pores (versus in two juxtaposed rows), smooth or slightly keeled dorsal tubercles (versus strongly keeled), normal sized scales on heel (versus enlarged), and having the dorsal caudal tubercles extending to the base of the tail only (versus to about 1 / 3 the length of the tail). Cyrtodactylus puhuensis sp. nov. differs from C. hontreensis Ngo, Grismer & Grismer 2008, C. intermedius (Smith 1917, 1935), and C. phuquocensis Ngo, Grismer & Grismer 2010 in having faint, irregular pale yellowish dorsal bands. In contrast, C. hontreensis has 3 broad bands between limbs and C. intermedius and C. phuquocensis have 4. The new species also differs in its absence of nuchal band, which is always present in the other species, and in having 5 precloacal pores versus 7���8 in C. hontreensis, 8���10 in C. intermedius and 6���8 in C. phuquocensis. The new species differs from C. phongnhakebangensis Ziegler, R��sler, Herrmann & Vu 2003 and C. roesleri Ziegler, Nazarov, Orlov, Nguyen, Vu, Dang, Dinh & Schmitz 2010 in lacking femoral pores (versus 27���42 and 20��� 28, respectively, precloaacal-femoral pores situated as one continuous row). The new gecko differs from C. yangbayensis Ngo & Onn 2010 in possessing fewer precloacal pores (5 versus 6���8), more subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe (23 versus 15���17), medium sized scales on heel (versus 9���10 enlarged scales), and seven pale rings on the tail (versus 9���11 irregular bands). For Laotian congeners, Cyrtodactylus puhuensis sp. nov. differs from C. buchardi David, Teyni�� & Ohler 2004, C. pageli Schneider, Nguyen, Schmitz, Kingsada, Auer & Ziegler 2011, and C. wayakonei Nguyen, Kingsada, R��sler, Auer & Ziegler 2010 in having a series of enlarged femoral scales (versus without enlarged femoral scales). The new species also differs from C. buchardi and C. wayakonei in having enlarged transversal subcaudal scales (versus small or medium scales, not transversally enlarged); and from C. pageli in lacking a nuchal band (versus dark nuchal band). Cyrtodactylus puhuensis sp. nov. differs from C. jarujini Ulber 1993 and C. lomyenensis Ngo & Pauwels 2010 in lacking femoral pores (52���54 and 39���40, respectively, continuous precloacal-femoral pores). The new gecko differs from C. interdigitalis Ulber 1993 and C. teyniei David, Nguyen, Schneider & Ziegler 2011 in having fewer precloacal pores (5 versus 14) and also differs from the former by lacking femoral pores (versus 8���9). From Myanmar congeners, Cyrtodactylus puhuensis sp. nov. differs from C. ayeyarwadyensis Bauer 2003, C. brevidactylus Bauer 2003, C. gansi Bauer 2003, C. mandalayensis Mahony 2009, C. tamaiensis Mahony 2009, and C. wakeorum Bauer 2003, in having moderately enlarged transversal subcaudal scales. The new species also differs from C. ayeyarwadyensis, C, brevidactylus, and C. gansi in having few precloacal pores (versus 10 ���28, 8, and 16��� 29, respectively); from C. gansi in lacking a shallow precloacal groove in males; and from C. tamaiensis in lacking femoral pores (versus 40 precloacal-femoral pores in an almost continuous series, Mahony 2009). From C. pulchellus Gray and C. rubidus (Blyth 1861) the new species differs in lacking a precloacal groove (Smith 1935; Taylor 1963). Cyrtodactylus puhuensis sp. nov. differs from C. aequalis Bauer 2003, in lacking femoral pores (versus 3���4 minute femoral pores) and possesing more ventral scales (36 versus 24); from C. annandalei Bauer 2003, in having less precloacal pores (5 versus 11���12), lacking femoral pores (versus 10���11), and having a dorsal pattern of faint and irregular pale yellowish bands (versus six dark bands); from C. chrysopylos Bauer 2003, in having less precloacal pores (5 versus 10 and a single, pored scale posterior to precloacal series); from C. consobrinoides (Annandale), in having more ventral scales (36 versus 24���30), lacking a nuchal band, and possessing a dorsal pattern of faint and irregular pale yellowish bands (versus 6���7 narrow dark cross-bars or transverse markings, Smith 1935); from C. feae (Boulenger 1893), in lacking femoral pores (Bauer 2003), and having a dorsal pattern of faint and irregular pale yellowish bands (versus four dark cross-bars, Smith 1935); from C. oldhami (Theoblad 1876), in having more precloacal pores (5 versus 0���4), absence of a nuchal band, and a having a dorsal pattern of faint and irregular pale yellowish bands versus white spots) (Smith 1935); from C. peguensis (Boulenger 1893), in having smaller number of precloacal pores (5 versus 7���9) and continuous series of precloacal-femoral scales (Smith 1935; Taylor 1963); from C. russelli Bauer 2003 and C. slowinskii Bauer 2003, in having less precloacal pores (5 versus 15 and 9, respectively) and lacking femoral pores (versus 16���19 and 11 pores on each thigh, respectively); and from C. variegatus (Blyth 1859), in having more ventral scales (36 versus 22) and lacking femoral pores (versus 32 continuous precloacal-femoral pores (Smith 1935). For Thai congeners, Cyrtodactylus puhuensis sp. nov. differs from C. quadrivirgatus Taylor 1962 and C. angularis (Smith 1921 b), in having moderately enlarged subcaudal scales (versus small; Smith 1935; Taylor 1963). The new gecko differs from C. phuketensis Sumontha, Pauwels, Kunya, Nitikul, Samphanthamit & Grismer 2012, in lacking a precloacal groove and femoral pores (versus 33���36 continuous precloacal-femoral pores). The new species differs from the following species in lacking femoral pores: C. astrum Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar, Muin, Sumontha, Ahmad, Bauer, Wangkulangkul, Grismer & Pauwels 2012, C. auribalteatus Sumontha, Panitvong & Deein 2010, C. brevipalmatus (Smith 1923), C. chanhomeae Bauer, Sumontha & Pauwels 2003, C. dumnuii Bauer, Kunya, Sumontha, Niyomwan, Pauwels, Chanhome & Kunya 2010, C. erythrops Bauer, Kunya, Sumontha, Niyomwan, Panitvong, Pauwels, Chanhome & Kunya 2009, C. lekaguli Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar, Muin, Sumontha, Ahmad, Bauer, Wangkulangkul, Grismer & Pauwels 2012, C. marmoratus (Gray 1831), and C. trigroides Bauer, Sumontha & Pauwels 2003 (Smith 1935; Taylor 1963). Cyrtodactylus puhuensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from C. papilionoides Ulber & Grossmann 1991, in having a dorsal pattern of faint and irregular pale yellowish bands (versus serrated, broad, dark bands with pale margins or transversal rows of blotches), and having a continuous series of 36 digital lamellae under the 4 th toes (versus an interrupted series of 12���16 lamellae; Heidrick et al. 2007; Nguyen et al. 2010); from C. consobrinus (Peters 1871), in having less precloacal pores (5 versus 9���11) and a dorsal pattern of faint and irregular pale yellowish bands (versus 8 dark, transverse cross-bands, Boulenger 1885); from C. sanook Pauwels, Sumontha, Latinne & Grismer 2013, in having medium enlarged femoral scale rows (versus well-developed); from C. sumonthai Bauer, Pauwels & Chanhome 2002, in having more precloacal pores (5 versus 2 minute pores), and a series of moderately enlarged femoral scales (versus the absence of enlarged femoral scales); from C. surin Chan-ard & Makchai 2011, in having more ventral scales (36 versus 25) and smooth or slightly keeled dorsal tubercles (versus very large, trihedral, and keeled); and from C. thirakhupti Pauwels, Bauer, Sumontha & Chanhome 2004, in having fewer precloacal pores (5 versus 8���9) and lacking femoral pores (versus 5���7). Other Thai species, including C. interdigitalis, C. intermedius, C. jarujini, C. oldhami, C. peguensis, C. pulchellus, and C. variegatus, were compared to the new species as above. Two described congeners occur in Cambodia: C. intermedius (Grismer et al. 2008; Smith 1935) and C. pseudoquadrivirgatus (Stuart et al. 2010). Cyrtodactylus bugiamapensis should occur in Cambodia because its habitat extends continuously from the type locality to the border between Vietnam and Cambodia (see also Nazarov et al. 2012). These three species were compared above to the new species. Etymology. The specific epithet puhuensis refers to the type locality, P�� Hu Nature Reserve, where the new species was discovered. Distribution and Habitat. Cyrtodactylus puhuensis sp. nov. is known only from the P�� Hu Nature Reserve, in northwestern Thanh H��a Province, northern Vietnam (Fig. 2). The single known specimen of this new gecko was found at night on a large tree (diameter about 1.5 m), at about 2.5 m above the forest floor. The habitat was evergreen forest intermixed with bamboo. Limestone was not observed in the area and the recorded elevation was 638 m., Published as part of Nguyen, Sang Ngoc, Yang, Jun-Xiao, Le, Thanh-Ngan Thi, Nguyen, Luan Thanh, Orlov, Nikolai L., Hoang, Chung Van, Nguyen, Truong Quang, Jin, Jie-Qiong, Rao, Ding-Qi, Hoang, Thao Ngoc, Che, Jing, Murphy, Robert W. & Zhang, Ya-Ping, 2014, DNA barcoding of Vietnamese bent-toed geckos (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) and the description of a new species in Zootaxa 3784 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3784.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/230341, {"references":["Nazarov, R., Poyarkov, N. A., Orlov, N. L., Phung, T. M., Nguyen, T. T., Hoang, D. M. & Ziegler, T. (2012) Two new cryptic species of the Cyrtodactylus irregularis complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from southern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3302, 1 - 24.","Geissler, P., Nazarov, R., Orlov, N. L., Bohme, W., Phung, T. M., Nguyen, T. Q. & Ziegler, T. (2009) A new species of the Cyrtodactylus irregularis complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from southern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 2161, 20 - 32.","Heidrich, A., Rosler, H., Vu, N. T., Bohme, W. & Ziegler, T. (2007) Another new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park, central Truong Son, Vietnam. Zootaxa, 1445, 35 - 48.","Ngo, T. V. (2013) Cyrtodactylus dati, a new forest dwelling bent-toed gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from southern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3616, 151 - 164. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3616.2.4","Ngo, T. V. & Bauer, A. M. (2008) Descriptions of two new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) endemic to southern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 1715, 27 - 42.","Smith, M. A. (1921 b) New or little-known reptiles and batrachians from southern Annam (Indo-China). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 91 (2), 423 - 440. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1921. tb 03271. x","Smith, M. A. (1935) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. II-Sauria. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, 541 pp.","Rosler, H., Vu, T. N., Nguyen, T. Q., Ngo, T. V. & Ziegler, T. (2008) A new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from central Vietnam. Hamadryad, 33, 48 - 63.","Nazarov, A. R., Orlov, N. L., Nguyen, S. N. & Ho, T. C. (2008) Taxonomy of naked-toes geckos Cyrtodactylus irregularis complex of South Vietnam and description of a new species from Chu Yang Sin National Park (Krong Bong District, Dac Lac Province, Vietnam). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 15, 141 - 156.","Nguyen, S. N, Orlov, N. L. & Darevsky, I. S. (2006) Descriptions of two new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from southern Vietnam. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 13, 215 - 226.","Orlov, N. L., Nguyen, T. Q., Nazarov, R. A., Ananjeva, N. B. & Nguyen, S. N. (2007) A new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 and redescription of Cyrtodactylus paradoxus (Darevsky et Szczerbak, 1997) (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from South Vietnam. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 14, 145 - 152.","Ngo, T. V. & Onn, C. K. (2011) A new karstic cave-dwelling Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3125, 51 - 63.","Luu, V. Q., Nguyen, T. Q, Do, H. Q. & Ziegler, T. (2011) A new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Huong Son limestone forest, Hanoi, northern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3129, 39 - 50.","Ziegler, T., Phung, T. M., Le, M. D. & Nguyen, T. Q. (2013) A new Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Phu Yen Province, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3686 (4), 432 - 446. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3686.4.2","Ngo, T. V, Grismer, L. L. & Grismer, J. L. (2010) A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Phu Quoc National Park, Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve, southwestern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 2604, 37 - 51.","Hoang, Q. X., Orlov, N. L., Ananjeva, N. B., Johns, A. G., Hoang, T. N. & Dau, V. Q. (2007) Description of a new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Sauria: Gekkonidae) from the karst of north central Vietnam. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 14, 98 - 106.","Smith, M. A. (1921 a) Reptiles and Batrachians collected on Pulo Condore. Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 4, 93 - 97.","Ngo, T. V. & Grismer, L. L. (2012) A new endemic species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Tho Chu Island, southeastern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 3228, 48 - 60.","Darevsky, I. S. & Szczerbak, N. N. (1997) A new gecko of the genus Gonydactylus (Sauria: Gekkonidae) with a key to the species from Vietnam. Asiatic Herpetological Research, 7, 19 - 22.","Ngo, T. V., Grismer, L. L. & Grismer, J. L. (2008) A new endemic cave dwelling species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in Kien Giang Biosphere Reserve, southwestern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 1967, 53 - 62.","Smith, M. A. (1917) Descriptions of new reptiles and a new batrachian from Siam. Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 2, 221 - 225.","Ngo, T. V & Onn, C. K. (2010) A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Khanh Hoa Province, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa, 2504, 47 - 60.","David, P., Teynie, A. & Ohler, A. (2004) A new species of Cyrtodactylus Gray 1827 (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) from southern Laos. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 52, 621 - 627.","Schneider, N., Nguyen, T. Q., Schmitz, A., Kingsada, P., Auer, M. & Ziegler, T. (2011) A new species of karst dwelling Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northwestern Laos. Zootaxa, 2930, 1 - 21.","Nguyen, T. Q., Kingsada, P., Rosler, H., Auer, M. & Ziegler, T. (2010) A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from northern Laos. Zootaxa, 2652, 1 - 16.","Ulber, T. (1993) Bemerkungen uber cyrtodactyline Geckos aus Thailand nebst Beschreibungen von zwei neuen Arten (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Mitteilungen Aus Dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 69, 187 - 200. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19930690202","Ngo, T. V. & Pauwels, O. (2010) A new cave-dwelling species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata: Gekkodidae) from Khammouane Province, southern Laos. Zootaxa, 2730, 44 - 56.","David, P., Nguyen, T. Q., Schneider, N. & Ziegler, T. (2011) A new species of the genus Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 from central Laos (Squamata: Gekkonidae). Zootaxa, 2833, 29 - 40.","Mahony, S. (2009) Taxonomic status of Cyrtodactylus khasiensis tamaiensis (Smith, 1940) and description of a new species allied to C. chrysopylos Bauer, 2003 from Myanmar (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Hamadryad, 34, 62 - 74.","Blyth, E. (1861) Report of the Curator. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 29, 87 - 115.","Taylor, E. H. (1963) The lizards of Thailand. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 44, 687 - 1077.","Boulenger, G. A. (1893) Concluding report on the reptiles and batrachians obtained in Burma by Signor L. Fea, dealing with a collection made in Pegu and Karin Hills in 1887 - 1888. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, 2, 303 - 347.","Blyth, E. (1859) Of reptiles, Acanthosaura armata, Gray; and a beautiful gecko from the interior. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 28, 279.","Taylor, E. H. (1962) New oriental reptiles. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin. 43, 209 - 263.","Sumontha, M., Pauwels, O. S. G., Kunya, K., Nitikul, A., Samphanthamit, P. & Grismer, L. L. (2012) A new forest-dwelling gecko from Phuket Island, southern Thailand, related to Cyrtodactylus macrotunerculatus (Squamata: Gekkonidae). Zootaxa, 3522, 61 - 72.","Grismer, L. L., Wood, P. L., Quah, E. S. H., Anuar, S., Muin, M. A., Sumontha, M., Ahmad, N., Bauer, A. M., Wangkulangkul, S., Grismer, J. L. & Pauwels, O. S. G. (2012) A phylogeny and taxonomy of the Thai-Malay Peninsula bent-toed geckos of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus complex (Squamata: Gekkonidae): combined morphological and molecular analyses with descriptions of seven new species. Zootaxa, 3520, 1 - 55.","Sumontha, M., Panitvong, N. & Deein, G. (2010) Cyrtodactylus auribalteatus (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new cave-dwelling gecko from Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. Zootaxa, 2370, 53 - 64.","Smith, M. A. (1923) Notes on reptiles and batrachians from Siam and Indo-China (No. 2). Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam, 6, 47 - 53.","Bauer, A. M., Sumontha, M. & Pauwels, O. S. G. (2003) Two new species of Cyrtodactylus (Reptilia: Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Thailand. Zootaxa, 376, 1 - 18.","Bauer, A. M., Kunya, K., Sumontha, M, Niyomwan, P., Nanitvong, P. & Pauwels, O. S. G. (2009) Cyrtodactylus erythrops (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new cave-dwelling gecko from Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand. Zootaxa, 2124, 51 - 62.","Gray, J. E. (1831) A synopsis of the species of class Reptilia. In: Griffith, E. & Pidgeon, E. (Eds.), The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organisation by the Baron Cuvier with additional descriptions of all the species hither named, and of many before noticed. Whittaker, Treacher and Co., London, pp. 1 - 481 + 1 - 110.","Ulber, T. & Grossmann, W. (1991) Ein weiterer neuer Gecko aus Zentral-Thailand: Cyrtodactylus papilionoides sp. nov. (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae). Sauria, 13, 13 - 22.","Peters, W. (1871) Uber neue Reptilien aus Ostafrika und Sarawak (Borneo), vorzuglich aus der Sammlung des Hrn. Marquis J. Doria zu Genua. Monatsbericht der Koniglich Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1871, 566 - 581.","Boulenger, G. A. (1885) Catalogue of the Lizard in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 1. Trustees, London, 512 pp.","Pauwels, O. S. G., Sumontha, M., Latinne, A. & Grismer, L. L. (2013) Cyrtodactylus sanook (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new cave-dwelling gecko from Chumphon Province, southern Thailand. Zootaxa, 3635 (3), 275 - 285. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3635.3.7","Bauer, A. M., Pauwels, O. S. G. & Chanhome, L. (2002) A new species of cave-dwelling Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Thailand. The Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University, 2, 19 - 29.","Chan-ard, T. & Makchai, S. (2011) A new insular species of Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Squamata, Gekkonidae), from the Surin Islands, Phang-nga Province, southern Thailand. The Thailand Natural History Museum Journal, 5, 7 - 15.","Pauwels, O. S. G., Bauer, A. M., Sumontha, M. & Chanhome, L. (2004) Cyrtodactylus thirakhupti (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new cave-dwelling gecko from southern Thailand. Zootaxa, 772, 1 - 11.","Stuart, B. L., Rowley, J. J. L., Thy, N., Emmett, D. A. & Sitha, S. (2010) Significant new records of amphibians and reptiles from Virachey National Park, northeastern Cambodia. Cambodian Journal of Natural History, 2010, 38 - 47."]}

Rhacophorus minimus sp. nov. Guangxi diminutive treefrog Holotype. KIZ 2003 GXJX 0021 (Fig. 1), an adult female, collected from Shiliugongli (24 08' 32.2" N, 110 14 '26.4" E), 900 m, a small village at the 16 km marker from the town of Jinxiu on the road from Jinxiu to Mengshan, Dayao Mountain, Jinxiu County, Laibin Prefecture, Guangxi Province, China, collected on 10 April 2003 by D.��Q. Rao. Paratypes. KIZ 2003 GXJX 001, 2003 GXJX 003��06, 2003 GXJX 008�� 20, 2003 GXJX 0022�� 23, CAS 232043 �� 44 nineteen males and three females collected at the same locality and date as the holotype; KIZ 2003 GXJX 0024�� 32 nine males collected from Xiang��Lu��Chong, 1200��1600 m, Dayao Mountain, Jinxiu County, Laibin Prefecture, Guangxi Province, China, collected on 10���15 April 2003 by D.��Q. Rao. Diagnosis. Rhacophorus minimus can be distinguished from all other species of Rhacophorus and Polypedates by the following combination of characters: very small body size (mean SVL male 28.1 mm, mean SVL female 37.0 mm); reduced webbing on the hand; disc of 3 rd finger smaller than diameter of tympanum; smooth dorsum; green dorsal color; and white stripe from tip of snout along the upper lip and shoulder to insertion of hind limbs. Description of holotype. An adult female with slender body and head 35 % of SVL and slightly wider than long. Snout rounded in dorsal view, gently slopes from eye to nostrils, then more abruptly to mandible in lateral view (Fig. 2 a); nostril equidistant between eye and tip of snout, slightly protuberant, directed laterally; canthus rostralis distinct, angular, and concave in dorsal view. Snout between eyes and nostrils and between nostrils and tip of snout slightly concave. Loreal region slightly oblique, concave to nostril; eye large, width 84 % snout length, directed anterolaterally with horizontal pupil; interorbital region 140 % that of upper eyelid. Tympanum distinct and circular, 57 % of diameter of eye, with raised annulus; supratympanic fold curves ventrally from posterior edge of eye to insertion of arm, does not conceal dorsal aspect of tympanum; raised linear fold with weak glandular tubercles from corner of jaw below tympanum to beyond posteroventral end of supratympanic fold. Vomerine processes, with 5 teeth each, slanting posteriorly from their lateral contact with anteromedial edge of choanae, medial ends slightly beyond posterior edge of choanae, separated by a distance three times their width; choanae small, ovoid to anteromedial and posterolateral points, and wholly visible at edge of lingual shelves of maxillae when viewed ventrally. Tongue shallowly bifurcates posteriorly, posterior 2 / 3 free. Dorsal body surface smooth; ventral abdominal surface areolate, pectoral and gular regions much less areolate; skin of posterior and ventral surface of thigh beneath anal opening with a scattering of round tubercles; slight elevation of skin above vent. Arms short, forearm slender; hand relatively large, 81 % as long as foot; when adpressed, relative length of fingers is 3> 4> 2> 1. Tips of fingers rounded. Digital pads on hands and feet well developed and oval, with circummarginal grooves; pad on third finger smaller than tympanum. Distal phalanges Y��shaped (as seen from dorsal aspect of digital tips). Hands webbed only at base, webbing formula for digits is I2.5���2.5II 2��� 3 III2.5���2.25IV following Myers and Duellman (1982). Subarticular tubercles between penultimate and adjoining proximal phalange round and well developed; proximal subarticular tubercles on finger 4 smallest. Fingers 1���4 each with an additional supernumery tubercle proximal to the proximal subarticular tubercle. Inner metacarpal tubercle low, oval, and indistinct, outer tubercle low, indistinct, and bifid distally (Fig. 2 b). Hind limbs relatively short; heels do not meet when legs at right angle to body; and when adpressed to body, tibiotarsal articulation reaches to posterior half of eye. Webbing formula is I1.5��� 2 II 1.5���2.5 III 2 ���2.5IV2.5���1.5V. When adpressed, relative length of toes is 4> 5 = 3> 2> 1. A single subarticular tubercle on toes 1 and 2, two subarticular tubercles on toes 3, 4, and 5. Proximal tubercles smaller than distal tubercles. Supernumerary tubercles and an outer metatarsal tubercle absent. Inner metatarsal tubercle oval and raised distally (Fig. 2 c). Coloration in preservative. Dorsal color of body light blue, extending laterally and ventrally 1 / 2 of flanks, from elbow to halfway up middorsal aspect of hindarm, and along dorsal aspect of forearm to wrist, from vent to knee along middorsal aspect of thigh, and entire dorsal aspect of tibia. Dark blotches near nostrils, tympanum, and sparsely scattered on dorsum. Lateral border of dorsal blue with white rough��edged line from tip of snout to insertion of hind limb. Posterior margin of tarsus and supracloacal fringe with white line ventrally bordered by black line. Dorsally, hand from wrist, and foot from tarsus, olive to light cream with darker brown mottling. Tips of fingers light cream with scattered dark mottling. Venter, flanks, ventral aspect of arms and legs cream with scattered mottling, more so on thigh. Ventral aspect of hands and feet with darker pigmentation especially along lateral half. Color in life. Dorsal color bright green, pattern same as when preserved (Fig. 3). Hands and feet light brown with dark brown mottling. Tips of fingers and toes yellowish green. Iris yellow peripherally to brown medially, more yellow on dorsal half. Variation. Males smaller than females, with head as long as broad; and snout slanting less abruptly from nostrils to an obtuse point projecting beyond mandible (Fig. 3); light brown coloration at nostrils more evident in some specimens than others; some specimens with small scattered asperities on head or upper eyelid; some specimens with more pronounced dark brown mottling on back of thigh while others with little to no mottling; white lateral line pronounced in some specimens while fading posteriorly in others. Tadpole. Description based on individual at Gosner (1960) stage 35 (KIZ 2003 GXJX 0033). Total length 25.5 mm, body length 9.2 mm, body height 3.8 mm, maximum tail height 3.9 mm, tail muscular height 2.3 mm, body width 5.9 mm, internarial distance 1.7 mm, eye to tip of snout 3.1 mm, eye diameter 0.9 mm, interorbital distance 2.2 mm. Body oval with weak lateral constriction in dorsal view (Fig. 4 a), dorso��ventrally depressed in lateral view (Fig. 4 b); snout round in dorsal and lateral views; oral disc ventral, 41 % body width, emarginate, marginal papillae in two rows on anterior and posterior labia but not between labia, large dorsal gap and narrow ventral gap present, submarginal papillae not present, medium (darkly keratinized for approximately half of sheath), serrated jaw sheath, with short lateral process of upper jaw, labial tooth row formula 5 (2���5)/ 3 (1) (Fig. 4 c); eyes dorsal, nares midway between eyes and tip of snout directed antero��laterally; spiracle single, sinistral, at midbody, directed postero��dorsally, vent dextral; tail musculature gradually tapering posteriorly to tail tip; tail height 24 % tail length; body height 97 % of tail height; tail highest midway, gradually declining to rounded tail tip; dorsal and ventral fins slightly arched approximately equal in height. Tadpole color in life. Black from early stages to metamorphosis, then becoming green after four limbs are developed and tail completely absorbed. Tadpole color in preservative: Dorsum of body brownish gray due to densely scattered brown chromatophores; venter transparent with much fewer scattered brown chromatophores, more so laterally; muscular tail light cream with brown reticulation extending onto transparent dorsal fin; ventral fin transparent without reticulation. Etymology. The name minimus, from the Latin meaning for smallest, referring to its small body size. Comparisons. Because R. minimus possesses expanded discs on the fingers and toes, an intercalary element between the penultimate and terminal phalanges, a narrow bony metasternum, a flange on the distal end of the third metacarpal, Y��shaped terminal phalanges, and webbing between the fingers and toes, it is related to species in the genera Polypedates and Rhacophorus (Wilkinson and Drewes 2000). Rhacophorus minimus can be distinguished from most members of these relatively large genera (approximately 28 species for Polypedates and 56 species for Rhacophorus [Frost 2004]) by a small body size and a green dorsal color. In addition, it can be distinguished from similarly small body size species by the following: from Rhacophorus angulirostris Ahl, R. bipunctatus Ahl, R. dulitensis Boulenger, R. edentulus M��ller, R. monticola Boulenger, and R. turpes Smith by reduced webbing (at least outer fingers fully webbed in aforementioned species); from Rhacophorus appendiculatus G��nther, R. everetti Boulenger, and R. kajau Dring, by a smooth dorsal surface (highly tuberculate in aforementioned species); from Polypedates dugritei David and P. zhaojuensis Wu and Zheng by a lack of brown patterning on the green dorsal background; from P. dorsoviridis (Bourett) and P. nigropunctatus (Liu, Hu, and Yang) by a lack of dark spotting on the flanks; and from P. c h e n f u i (Liu), P. hungfuensis (Liu and Hu), R. schlegelii (G��nther), R. taipeianus Liang and Wang, and P. yaoshanensis by a smaller, more slender body (male SVL at less than 33 mm, female SVL at less than 41 mm). Rhacophorus minimus further differs from the similar appearing Chinese species (P. chenfui, P. hungfuensis, and P. yaoshanensis) by a lack of tiny tubercles scattered on the dorsum, presence of white stripe from tip of upper lip to insertion of hind limb (present from midway along lower lip or corner of mouth to insertion of hind limb in P. chenfui and absent in P. hungfuensis and P. yaoshanensis), and webbing between outer fingers less than one third length of fingers (over one third in P. chenfui, approximately one third in P. hungfuensis, and approximately one half in P. yaoshanensis). In addition, Rhacophorus minimus differs from P. chenfui and P. hungfuensis by the disc of 3 rd finger being smaller than tympanum (larger than tympanum in P. chenfui and equal to tympanum in P. hungfuensis). Rhacophorus minimus further differs from P. hungfuensis by a lack of white pin��size dots on green dorsum, scattered mottling on the flanks and thighs, brown hands, and yellowish green discs (flanks, thighs, and discs a light yellow, dorsal aspect of hands green in P. hungfuensis); and R. minimus also differs from P. yaoshanensis by a blunter snout (sharp in P. yaoshanensis) and absence of red on preaxial and postaxial region of thighs. Distribution and natural history. At present Rhacophorus minimus is known only from the localities listed for the holotype and paratypes (Fig. 5). The males were mostly found calling in the grass within or beside shallow ponds, males and amplexing pairs were also found in wooden trays set out by local people to ambush��hunt birds. White foam egg��nests were found on the sides of the wooden trays. Males were calling during the day and night, but more so at night. In some areas, the habitat was dry, and what little water that was present was in the wooden trays, so the frogs were limited to these sites for breeding. Some frogs were calling from perches within broad��leaf trees. The surrounding habitat was undisturbed monsoonal evergreen forest with mostly broad��leaf trees., Published as part of Rao, Ding-Qi, Wilkinson, Jeffery A. & Liu, Hui-Ning, 2006, A new species of Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Guangxi Province, China, pp. 17-31 in Zootaxa 1258 on pages 18-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173113, {"references":["Myers, C. W. & Duellman, W. E. (1982) A new species of Hyla from Cerro Colorado, and other tree frog records and geographical notes from western Panama. American Museum Novitates, 2752, 1 - 32.","Gosner, K. L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica, 16, 183 - 190.","Wilkinson, J. A. & Drewes, R. C. (2000) Character assessment, genus level boundaries, and phylogenetic analyses of the family Rhacophoridae: A review and present day status. Contemporary Herpetology, 2000, 2. Available from http: // cnah. org / ch / (accessed 19 February 2006).","Frost, D. R. (2004) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 3.0 (22 August, 2004). American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Available from http: // research. amnh. org / herpetology / amphibia / index. html. (accessed 19 February 2006)."]}

Rao, Ding-Qi, Wilkinson, Jeffery A., Liu, Hui-Ning (2006): A new species of Rhacophorus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Guangxi Province, China. Zootaxa 1258: 17-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173113