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4. Variation in South Indian caste populations: A comparison of genetic and morphometric data

Author

JORDE, L.B., BAMSHADI, M.J., WATKINS, W.S., RICKER, C.E., DIXON, M.E., BATZER, M.A., PRASAD, B.V.R., RAO, B.B., and NAIDU, J.M.

Subjects
South India -- Social aspects, Physical anthropology -- Genetic aspects, Human population genetics -- India, Caste -- India, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

We report an analysis of genetic and morphometric data in 250 members of 8 South Indian caste populations. The genetic data include 411 bp of HVS 1 mtDNA sequence, 8 Y chromosome polymorphisms, and 40 Alu insertion/deletion polymorphisms. A Mantel matrix comparison test yields a significant correlation between inter-individual differences in caste 'rank' and genetic distance (p [is less than] 0.001). The caste genetic data were compared with genetic variation in worldwide populations (143 Africans, 78 Asians, and 119 Europeans). For the mtDNA data, all caste populations showed greatest affinity with Asians and least affinity with Africans. For the Y chromosome and Alu polymorphisms, upper castes were most similar to Europeans, while lower castes were most similar to Asians. This difference is statistically significant (p [is less than] 0.05) for the Alu genetic distances. This pattern is consistent with historical data that suggest an early episode of immigration into India from the Fertile Crescent region (ca. 10,000 years ago), establishing the Dravidian-speaking population, followed by a second major episode of immigration from West Eurasia (ca. 3,000 years ago) consisting of Indo-European speaking populations. These results support a scenario in which the second wave of immigrants occupied higher positions in the caste system. The difference in mtDNA, Y chromosome, and Alu patterns suggests that the second wave consisted primarily of males (or at least that members of this group contributed a disproportionate number of Y chromosomes). The morphometric data consist of 14 commonly used measurements and were recorded for five of the caste populations. Although there is some correlation between caste rank and morphometric distance, it is not as clear-cut as for the genetic data. Most of the morphometric measurements do differ significantly among castes, but there is substantial overlap between castes (as is also the case for genetic data). A discriminant analysis of the morphometric data classified 46.1% of the individuals into the correct caste population. Supported by NSF grants SBR-9514733, SBR-970079, SBR-9818215, and NIH grant GM-59290.

Published
2001

6. An Efficient Run Time Interface For Heterogeneous Architecture Of Large Scale Supercomputing System

Author

Prabu D., Andrew Aaron James, Vanamala V., Vineeth Simon, Sanjeeb Kumar Deka, Sridharan R., Prahlada Rao B.B., and Mohanram N.

Subjects
C-MPI, Scheduler Interface, ComputingMethodologies_SIMULATIONANDMODELING, C-PFS, RTI
Abstract

In this paper we propose a novel Run Time Interface (RTI) technique to provide an efficient environment for MPI jobs on the heterogeneous architecture of PARAM Padma. It suggests an innovative, unified framework for the job management interface system in parallel and distributed computing. This approach employs proxy scheme. The implementation shows that the proposed RTI is highly scalable and stable. Moreover RTI provides the storage access for the MPI jobs in various operating system platforms and improve the data access performance through high performance C-DAC Parallel File System (C-PFS). The performance of the RTI is evaluated by using the standard HPC benchmark suites and the simulation results show that the proposed RTI gives good performance on large scale supercomputing system., {"references":["PARAM10000 Supercomputer ,Centre for Development of Advanced\nComputing(C-DAC) http://www.cdac.in/HTmL/param.asp","CDAC Terascale supercomputing facility CTSF,\nwww.cdac.in/html/ctsf/resource.asp","PARAM Padma Supercomputing Cluster, C-DAC,\nhttp://www.cdac.in/html/parampma.asp","PARAMNet, CDAC, www.cdac.in/HTmL/pdf/PARAMNet.pdf","IBM-s Load Leveler.\nhttp://csit1cwe.fsu.edu/extra_link/LoadL/lllv2mst10.html.","William Gropps, Ewing Lusk, Nathan Doss and Anthony Skjellum. \"A\nHigh-Performance, Portable Implementation of MPI Message Passing\nInterface Standard\". Available at http://www.mcs.anl.gov/mpi/","IBM-s Parallel Operating System (poe). http://www-\n03.ibm.com/systems/p/software/pe.html","Resource Management System, Centre for Development of Advanced\nComputing (C-DAC), India. at www.cdac.in/html/ssdgblr/rms.asp","Chansup Byun, Christopher Duncan and Stephanie Burk: \"A\nComparison of Job Managements Systems in Supporting HPC Cluster\nTools\" SUPerG, Vancouver, Fall 2000.\n[10] CDAC Cluster Runtime Environment. C-HPC Cluster Tools. Available\nat http://www.cdac.in/html/hpcc.asp\n[11] Portable Batch System. Available at http://www.openpbs.com\n[12] C-DAC Parallel File Systems. Available at\nwww.cdac.in/html/ssdgblr/cpfs.asp\n[13] Sun Community Source Licensing.\nhttp://wwws.sun.com/software/communitysource\n[14] CDAC Message Passing Interface,\nhttp://www.cdac.in/html/ssdgblr/cmpi.asp\n[15] HPL - A Portable Implementation of the High-Performance Linpack\nAvailable at www.netlib.org/benchmark/hpl/\n[16] PALLAS Benchmark Available at\nhttp://www.pallas.com/e/products/index.htm\n[17] C-DAC, Garuda India, The National Grid Computing Initiative\nhttp://www.garudaindia.in/tech_research.asp"]}

Published
2008
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