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We describe a detailed physical map of human chromosome 11, extending from the distal part of p13 through the entirety of p14 to proximal p15.1. The primary level of mapping is based on chromosome breakpoints that divide the region into 20 intervals. At higher resolution YACs cover approximately 12 Mb of the region, and in many places overlapping cosmids are ordered in contiguous arrays. The map incorporates 18 known genes, including precise localization of the GTF2H1 gene encoding the 62-kDa subunit of TFIIH. We have also localized four expressed sequences of unknown function. The physical map incorporates genetic markers that allow relationships between physical and genetic distance to be examined, and similarly includes markers from a radiation hybrid map of 11. The cytogenetic location of cosmids has been examined on high-resolution banded chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and FLpter values have been determined. The map therefore fully integrates physical, genic, genetic, and cytogenetic information and should provide a robust framework for the rapid and accurate assignment of new markers at a high level of resolution in this region of 11p.

Context: Hospitals are prone to fire. Hospital fire management is also tricky as sick patients are not aware about the surroundings, and also they cannot move of their own. Thus, hospital staff is primarily responsible for taking appropriate and timely measures in case of the hospital fire. However, hospital staff lack knowledge and skills about fire safety. In addition, it is extremely difficult to organize fire drills in a hospital setting for skill improvement. Aims: To conduct fire drills using digital fire for skill building and compare it with the usual training method of using information booklets. Settings and Design: Interventional study using before and after study design using alternate interventions in hospital setting. Materials and Methods: Hospital staff (staff nurses, security personnel and hospital attendants) was divided into two groups of 119 persons in each group. Group I was administered information booklets and group II was given lecture demonstration and digital fire drill. Pretest and posttest knowledge and skill assessment was done in both the groups. Statistical Analysis Used: Mean score comparison, pre- and post-intervention, in the two intervention groups, using t -test. Results: Increase in the knowledge scores was significant and similar with both the interventions. However, increase in skill score was more with intervention II. Conclusions: Whereas, information booklets should be distributed and made available to all, it should be mandatory to have skill building demonstration sessions periodically in the hospitals. Digital fire can be used conveniently and effectively.