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351 results on '"Ranjbar, Maryam"'

1. Gravitational Slip parameter and Gravitational Waves in Einstein-Cartan theory

Author

Ranjbar, Maryam, Akhshabi, Siamak, and Shadmehri, Mohsen

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

We study the evolution of scalar and tensor cosmological perturbations in the framework of the Einstein-Cartan theory of gravity. The value of the gravitational slip parameter which is defined as the ratio of the two scalar potentials in the Newtonian gauge, can be used to determine whether or not the gravity is modified. We calculate the value of slip parameter in the Einstein-Cartan cosmology and show that it falls within the observed range. We also discuss the evolution of the cosmic gravitational waves as another measure of the modification of gravity., Comment: 12 pages, 15 figures, References added

Published
2024
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2. Dynamical Wormhole Solutions in Rastall Theory

Author

Heydarzade, Yaghoub and Ranjbar, Maryam

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

Wormhole configurations in Einstein's general theory of relativity (GR) require exotic matter sources violating the weak energy condition (WEC). Rastall's theory is a generalization of GR in its matter source considering a nonconserved energy-momentum (EM) tensor. Hence, on one hand, the nature of this generalization of the matter source of field equations and, on the other hand, the possibility of respecting energy conditions for dynamical wormholes in contrast to static ones motivates us to study the possibility of the existence of wormhole configurations respecting energy conditions or minimizing the violations of them in Rastall's modified theory. We derive general analytical solutions considering a constant redshift function and a particular equation of state for energy density and pressure profiles. We show that because of the modification in the EM source of the field equations, there exist solutions respecting the WEC in the vicinity of the wormhole's throat for specified values of the parameters. Some particular solutions are discussed in detail., Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023

5. E-cigarette aerosol impairs male mouse skeletal muscle force development and prevents recovery from injury

Author

Nogueira, Leonardo, Zemljic-Harpf, Alice E, Yusufi, Raihana, Ranjbar, Maryam, Susanto, Christopher, Tang, Kechun, Mahata, Sushil K, Jennings, Patricia A, and Breen, Ellen C

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Sports Science and Exercise, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Regenerative Medicine, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Prevention, Tobacco, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Musculoskeletal, Good Health and Well Being, Male, Animals, Mice, Nicotine, Glycerol, Aerosols, Muscle, Skeletal, Cumulative Trauma Disorders, exercise, lengthening contraction, neuromuscular, vaping, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Physiology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

To date, there has been a lag between the rise in E-cigarette use and an understanding of the long-term health effects. Inhalation of E-cigarette aerosol delivers high doses of nicotine, raises systemic cytokine levels, and compromises cardiopulmonary function. The consequences for muscle function have not been thoroughly investigated. The present study tests the hypothesis that exposure to nicotine-containing aerosol impairs locomotor muscle function, limits exercise tolerance, and interferes with muscle repair in male mice. Nicotine-containing aerosol reduced the maximal force produced by the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) by 30%-40% and, the speed achieved in treadmill running by 8%. Nicotine aerosol exposure also decreased adrenal and increased plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, and these changes in catecholamines manifested as increased muscle and liver glycogen stores. In nicotine aerosol exposed mice, muscle regenerating from overuse injury only recovered force to 80% of noninjured levels. However, the structure of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) was not affected by e-cigarette aerosols. Interestingly, the vehicle used to dissolve nicotine in these vaping devices, polyethylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG), decreased running speed by 11% and prevented full recovery from a lengthening contraction protocol (LCP) injury. In both types of aerosol exposures, cardiac left ventricular systolic function was preserved, but left ventricular myocardial relaxation was altered. These data suggest that E-cigarette use may have a negative impact on muscle force and regeneration due to compromised glucose metabolism and contractile function in male mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In male mice, nicotine-containing E-cigarette aerosol compromises muscle contractile function, regeneration from injury, and whole body running speeds. The vehicle used to deliver nicotine, propylene glycol, and vegetable glycerin, also reduces running speed and impairs the restoration of muscle function in injured muscle. However, the predominant effects of nicotine in this inhaled aerosol are evident in altered catecholamine levels, increased glycogen content, decreased running capacity, and impaired recovery of force following an overuse injury.

Published
2022

31. A metaphorical advantage for bilingual children? Understanding figurative meaning by L2 and L3 EFL learners.

Author

ALIPOUR, Javad and RANJBAR, Maryam

Abstract

This study compared school-aged monolingual and bilingual English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners in terms of understanding metaphors on recall, multiple-choice, and reasoning tasks. It also examined the relationship between cognitive capacity and understanding metaphors on different measures. A hundred and thirty Persian–Turkish early bilinguals and 122 monolingual Persian-speaking EFL learners took three different tests of metaphor comprehension and the Figural Intersections Test, a test of cognitive capacity. Bilinguals outperformed monolinguals in terms of cognitive capacity and understanding metaphors on two of the tasks, though with a small effect size. Furthermore, there was a significant positive relationship between cognitive capacity and the scores on the multiple-choice and reasoning tests, but not the recall test. Results suggest that bilingual L3 learners have an edge in understanding metaphors, reflecting a cognitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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32. Influencing factors on building and improving social trust in emergency and disaster relief efforts: a systematic review

Author

Khankeh, HamidReza, primary, Farrokhi, Mehrdad, additional, Saatchi, Mohammad, additional, Pourebrahimi, Mohammad, additional, Roudini, Juliet, additional, Rahmatali Khazaee, Amin, additional, Jenabi Ghods, Mariye, additional, Sepahvand, Elham, additional, Ranjbar, Maryam, additional, and Hosseinabadi-Farahani, Mohammadjavad, additional

Published
2023
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35. Investigation of the Human Monomeric NEET protein MiNT As a Drug Target in Cancer

Author

Ranjbar, Maryam

Subjects
Biochemistry, Chemistry, Immunology, Cancer, CISD3, Gambogic acid, NEET, NMJ, Pioglitazone
Abstract

NEET proteins belong to a class of iron–sulfur proteins that harbor a unique labile [2Fe–2S] cluster and play a major role in preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Loss of function in mitochondria, the key organelle responsible for cellular energy production, can result in many human pathologies including diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Despite the recent advances in molecular medicine, cancer remains a significant challenge as it is the second leading cause of death in developed countries. Therefore, additional therapies are needed to increase therapeutic options to cure diseases related to NEET proteins. Since the exciting discovery of the novel mitochondrial target, MiNT, for the thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin sensitizing drug pioglitazone, the NEET family has emerged as an important class of human proteins that are implicated in multiple pathologies. There are only a few compounds that have thus far been discovered or designed as NEET ligands that control NEET [2Fe–2S] stability. The Jennings laboratory and collaborators have shown that NEET proteins act as central sensors/transducers of iron/ reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism were deregulation results in cell death. Specifically, recent studies have shown that small molecules can bind to NEETs destabilizing the [2Fe-2S] cluster, leading to release of iron, induction of ROS and cell death. This effect is selective for cancer cells that upregulate NEETs. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the significance of NEETs as drug targets for a chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. This thesis focuses on the role of NEET proteins, specifically MiNT(CISD3), in different diseases using drug binding to examine protein stability. To further detail the unique structural difference of MiNT, as it is a monomeric protein containing two Fe-S clusters, we use a combination of biochemical and biological assays to characterize the effects of ligand binding. Specifically, we use ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) to monitor cluster stability over time. Together, these assays use temperature and secondary structure analysis to determine stability effects because of ligand interactions. Given the broadened understanding of the MiNT function and the initial results from binding interactions highlighted here, it might be possible to begin the development of therapeutic agents that may be useful in mitigating several different diseases including neurodegeneration, breast cancer, diabetes, and inflammation.

Published
2021

44. Comparison of vaccine hesitancy during the low and high points of COVID-19 in a population under international sanctions: A longitudinal mixed-methods study in Iran

Author

Khankeh, Hamidreza, primary, Pourebrahimi, Mohammad, additional, Hosseinabadi-Farahani, Mohammadjavad, additional, Farrokhi, Mehrdad, additional, Khanjani, Mohammad Saeed, additional, Shojafard, Javad, additional, Hamedanchi, Arya, additional, Ranjbar, Maryam, additional, Jenabi Ghods, Mariye, additional, Ahmadi, Shokoufeh, additional, Ghanaatpisheh, Elham, additional, and Saatchi, Mohammad, additional

Published
2023
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