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The present study was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chatra for two years i.e. 2018-19& 2019-20 to find out the effectiveness of the different combinations of teaching tools on knowledge gain by vegetable growers farmers of the district. Farmers trained through a combination of teaching method i.e. group meeting + lecture + exposure visit (TO3) gained higher level of knowledge score (70%) followed by a medium level of knowledge score (30%).Positive and significant relationship had been observed between the knowledge gain and annual income of the respondent's group who received training through group meeting + lecture + exposure visit.Respondent education and gain in knowledge by lecture method, lecture + exposure visit, and group meeting + lecture + exposure visit had positive and significant association.

The frequent use of modern medicines for animal husbandry practices has reduced the usage of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) but still, they are often used first to treat various animal diseases. The objective of this research work was to level awareness and adoption level of selected Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) among Tharu tribes in terms of reducing the production cost vis-à-vis increasing the overall production of their livestock. The investigation was carried out in the Tharuhat area of the West Champaran district, to explore the therapeutic uses of plants by local inhabitants. Information was gathered from traditional healers and livestock owners of Tharu Tribes, by using participant observation, open-ended conversations, and semi-structured questionnaires. Plants used as ethnoveterinary medicines were collected and identified by farmers of the study area (i.e., Tharuhat area) who had well knowledge about the use of indigenous practices in different areas of livestock rearing i.e., Breeding, Feeding, and Health care and its awareness. Documentation of traditional knowledge-related ethnoveterinary information and identification of potential species for prioritization of conservation through sustainable animal health care management is essential for the benefit of future generations. The present study contributed to the documentation of an inventory of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants, which might provide a better informative database for future scientific validation studies for the sake of animal health.

Implementation of water treatment technologies for poor quality water may help reduce dependency on freshwater. One promising technology among water treatment technologies is magnetic water treatment (MWT). This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of bore water, hard water (1000 ppm) and saline water (electrical conductivity of 3 dS/m) on the plant biometric parameters and the yield of the radish. The water was treated in three stages: electrolysis, de-ionization and magnetization. In the pot culture experiment conducted, leaf length and leaf area index (LAI) was maximum under magnetized bore water treatment which was 22.7 cm and 6.2 compared to all other treatments respectively. The fresh weight (66.2 g) was highest in magnetically treated bore water, which was statistically significant over control. Among bore water treatments, the average yield per plant (48.5 t/ha) was maximum under magnetized bore water over control (43.9t/ha). Overall, the findings suggest that magnetically treated irrigation water positively influences plant growth parameters and the yield of radish.

The study was conducted on purposively selected Mardanpur village of Chatra block in Chatra district where Sri. Danbhushan Lakra, Progressive farmer has developed a unique model of integrated farming system (IFS) in his 5 acres of the farm. He has designed the farm and segregated the land as per the crops and animal requirement. The IFS model comprised of field crops in 2 acres, vegetables in 1 acre, fruit plants in 0.5 acres, a pig farm in 0.25 acre, a dairy farm in 0.25 acre, Poultry in 0.25 acre, composite fish farming in 0.75 acres. Sri Danbhushan Lakra has adopted the best practices of farming under technological support of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chatra. The productivity and economic return of different enterprises and commodities were calculated and compared with previous productivity and economics. The result indicated that Sri. Danbhushan Lakra has got more than 80 per cent additional yield and profit on different enterprises, which are integrated into the farming system. He has reduced 60% external input like the feed of animal, chemical fertilizer requirement, overall he earns the annual net income Rs. 94430.75 that is 68.6% more as compared to his previous income. It happens due to the interrelation set of enterprises used so that the waste from one component became input for another part of the system, which reduced cost and increased productivity.

An On-farm trial (OFT) was conducted for evaluating the performance of different management practices for control of leaf curl disease of chilli in Kharif season in Chatra district of Jharkhand in two consecutive Kharif seasons of the year 2016-17 and 2017-18. The experiment was conducted in Amgawa village of Simariya block in Chatra district, where farmers generally grow Chili as a cash crop in medium land. Trial was designed in randomized block design consisting of 25 replication with three technological options i.e. TO-I: Soil application of carbofuran granule @2 gm/plant before transplanting, TO-II – TO-I: Soil application of carbofuradon granule @2 gm/plant before transplanting, + Spray of Spinosad 48 EC @ 2 ml/lit of water after disease incidence twice after 15 days interval and TO-III – TO-I: Soil application of carbofuradon granule @2 gm/plant before transplanting, +Spray of Acephate 75SP @ 2 ml/lit of water after disease incidence twice after 15 days interval besides farmers practices. For evaluation of the performance, percentage infestation of leaf curl disease on plant/5 sqm and yield q/ha was considered, as for economic analysis gross income, net income and B.C. ratio was calculated and compared with all treatments. The result indicated that the minimum thrips population was found in technological option TO-III (3.35) followed by TO-II (6.45) and TO-I (6.40) respectively with a higher yield (84.5q/ha). Gross income, Net income and BC ratio was also found more in technological option TO-III. So that technology option TO-III i.e. –soil application of carbofuradone granule @ 2gram/plant before transplanting spray of acephate 75SP @ 2ml/lit of water after disease incidence twice after 15 days interval recommended considering Bio-physical and socio-economic condition of Chatra district for control of leaf curl disease for resource-rich and resource-poor farmers. This recommendation was also given to ATMA and N.G.Os of the district for faster dissemination among the farming community.

In Jharkhand, vegetable production is becoming popular and a very remunerative enterprise among the farmers who have even small scale irrigation facilities. However, in kharif season, a number of vegetables are grown in completely rainfed situations like tomato, cauliflower, cabbage, capsicum, etc. The State of Jharkhand needs 16.25 lakh tones of vegetable per annum to meet the minimum requirement of entire population of Jharkhand. The State presently is producing 23.31 lakh tones of vegetables in 1.44 lakh hectare area, with a surplus of 7.06 lakh tones. Generally three distinct types of agricultural production systems are prevailing in the state, viz, commercial, green revolution (GR) and complex, diverse & risk-prone (CDR) i.e. small production systems. Commercial production systems are characterized by fully controlled environment, fertile and irrigated land, mechanized farming with predominance of cash crops, use of high input technology and use of fully hired labour and production strategy for higher returns. These farm production systems are managed by highly resource-rich farmers. The green revolution or well-endowed production systems are characterized by irrigated/protective irrigation facilities, combination of good fertile or less fertile land, use of family labour in combination with hired labour and combination of cash earnings and food crops. The CDR or small production systems are characterized by interdependency of on and off farm activities, complete dependency on family labour, multipurpose use of the product and by-product of each farm enterprise, production strategy confining to household food security system, wide variation in soil fertility due to slope and shed and no control on productivity and contrary stability and sustainability are of great concerns. In Jharkhand the CDR production systems exist in about 90 per cent of cultivated area followed by about 8 per cent under well-endowed production systems and about 2 per cent under commercial production systems. A sizeable percentage of farmers have started cultivation of vegetables with increased use of modern inputs under relatively well-endowed production systems.

The FLD experiment was conducted in 20 replication (Farmers field) in National Innovation on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) village Mardanpur in Arra Panchat of Chatra block in Chatra district of Jharkhand on three consecutive year 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17. The FLD experiment was conducted in randomized block design with 2000 m2 plot size for each technological option. The two technology options are as follows TO-I: (Farmers Practice) Burning of plant leaf in forest area and use as cooking material and transplanting ginger in the month of May without mulching with N100P60K60. TO-II: Mulching of ginger field by plant leaf (5 q/ha) with N75P40K45. The rationale behind selection of technology option (TO-II) was disseminate scientific recommendations i.e. mulching of ginger field to demonstrated famers convincing the benefit of mulching in the place of burning leaf in forest area. The data on soil chemical analysis before and after mulching, yield and economic was recorded for better interpretation matrix ranking was done for each of intervened treatments on the basis of farmers criteria matrix ranking was accomplished through participatory rural appraisal. Farmer’s reaction was measure in five point rating scale. The overall score reflecting the degree of favorable, unfavorable and neutral to the related technology intervention (Negative = 2.5, Natural = 2.3 – 3.5 and positive above = 3.5). Result indicated that on an average ginger yield was 144.83 q/ha in farmers practice where as in technology option (TO-II), it was 187.7 q/ha respectively. Return per rupee spent was also found more in TO-II i.e. 4.99 as compare to farmer practice i.e. 3.88.

Front line demonstration was conducted during the years 2014-15, 2015-16, 2016-17 in NICRA adopted village Mardanpur in Arra Panchyat of Chatra Block in Chatra district of Jharkhand. The study was conducted to assess the effects of decomposition of paddy stable on productivity and profitability with soil health in local farming system as well as extra pollution of the technology to similar micro farming situation. The experiment consisting of two technology option TO-I: (Farmers Practice) Burning of paddy stable in field and collecting paddy stable for use as fuel of cooking and after onset of monsoon field prepare and transplant rice (Variety-Abhishek) with N80P60K30 TO-II: Decomposition of paddy stable 4.5q/ha after onset of monsoon in the month of June through rotovator and transplanted rice (Variety – Abhishek) with N60P45K23 in RBD design with 20 replication. The result showed that an average grain and straw yield of rice was 25q/ha and 74.80 q/ha in farmers practice in technology option TO-I where as technology option (TO-II) i.e. 28.33 q/ha and 98.84 q/ha respectively. Return for rupee spent was also higher i.e. 2.40 in TO-II as compared to farmers practice i.e. 1.85 (TO-I). It is due to (25%) reduction of chemical fertilizer in technology option (TO-II).