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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is most common type of inflammatory arthritis. It is chronic autoimmune disease that affects joints as well as extra-articular structures. The prevalence of this condition could be due to both genetic and non-genetic factors (e.g., environmental, viral, and hormonal). Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine and correlate 25(OH) D level with disease severity in patients of RA. Materials and Methods: The prospective observational study consists of 70 patients of RA and 70 healthy controls. Assessed level of 25(OH) D, C-reactive protein (CRP), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28-CRP score were compared in both cases and controls. Correlation of Vitamin D level with parameters such as CRP, Anti-CCP, and ESR was performed. Correlation between Vitamin D level deficiency and disease activity among the RA patients was assessed. Results: The mean age of patients in the RA group was 37.77±13.31 years. The mean CRP in cases was 40.57±25.94 mg/L and in controls was 3.26±1.95 mg/L with significant intergroup difference (P

The present study was conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chatra for two years i.e. 2018-19& 2019-20 to find out the effectiveness of the different combinations of teaching tools on knowledge gain by vegetable growers farmers of the district. Farmers trained through a combination of teaching method i.e. group meeting + lecture + exposure visit (TO3) gained higher level of knowledge score (70%) followed by a medium level of knowledge score (30%).Positive and significant relationship had been observed between the knowledge gain and annual income of the respondent's group who received training through group meeting + lecture + exposure visit.Respondent education and gain in knowledge by lecture method, lecture + exposure visit, and group meeting + lecture + exposure visit had positive and significant association.

The frequent use of modern medicines for animal husbandry practices has reduced the usage of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) but still, they are often used first to treat various animal diseases. The objective of this research work was to level awareness and adoption level of selected Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) among Tharu tribes in terms of reducing the production cost vis-à-vis increasing the overall production of their livestock. The investigation was carried out in the Tharuhat area of the West Champaran district, to explore the therapeutic uses of plants by local inhabitants. Information was gathered from traditional healers and livestock owners of Tharu Tribes, by using participant observation, open-ended conversations, and semi-structured questionnaires. Plants used as ethnoveterinary medicines were collected and identified by farmers of the study area (i.e., Tharuhat area) who had well knowledge about the use of indigenous practices in different areas of livestock rearing i.e., Breeding, Feeding, and Health care and its awareness. Documentation of traditional knowledge-related ethnoveterinary information and identification of potential species for prioritization of conservation through sustainable animal health care management is essential for the benefit of future generations. The present study contributed to the documentation of an inventory of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants, which might provide a better informative database for future scientific validation studies for the sake of animal health.

Cancer is one of the primary causes of mortality globally, and the discovery of new anticancer drugs is the most important need in recent times. Natural products have been recognized as effective in fight against various diseases including cancer for over 50 years. Plants and microbes are the primary and potential sources of natural compounds to fight against cancer. Moreover, researches in the field of plant-based natural compounds have moved towards advanced and molecular level understandings from the last few decades, leading to the development of potent anticancer agents. Also, plants have been accepted as abundant and prosperous sources for the development of novel therapeutic agents for the management and prevention of different cancer types. The high toxicity of some cancer chemotherapy drugs, as well as their unfavorable side effects and drugs resistance, drives up the demand for natural compounds as new anticancer drugs. In this detailed evidence-based mechanistic review, facts and information about various medicinal plants, their bioactive compounds with their potent anticancer activities against different cancers have been gathered, with further approach to represent the molecular mechanism behind the anticancer activity of these plants. This review will be beneficial for investigators/scientists globally involved in the development of natural, safe, effective, and economical therapeutic agents/drugs against various cancers. This might be an important contribution in the field of drug discovery, where drugs can be used alone or in combination to increase the efficacy of newly synthesized drugs.

Implementation of water treatment technologies for poor quality water may help reduce dependency on freshwater. One promising technology among water treatment technologies is magnetic water treatment (MWT). This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of bore water, hard water (1000 ppm) and saline water (electrical conductivity of 3 dS/m) on the plant biometric parameters and the yield of the radish. The water was treated in three stages: electrolysis, de-ionization and magnetization. In the pot culture experiment conducted, leaf length and leaf area index (LAI) was maximum under magnetized bore water treatment which was 22.7 cm and 6.2 compared to all other treatments respectively. The fresh weight (66.2 g) was highest in magnetically treated bore water, which was statistically significant over control. Among bore water treatments, the average yield per plant (48.5 t/ha) was maximum under magnetized bore water over control (43.9t/ha). Overall, the findings suggest that magnetically treated irrigation water positively influences plant growth parameters and the yield of radish.

Objective To identify differences related to sex and define autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comorbidities female-enriched through a comprehensive multi-PheWAS intersection approach on big, real-world data. Although sex difference is a consistent and recognized feature of ASD, additional clinical correlates could help to identify potential disease subgroups, based on sex and age. Materials and Methods We performed a systematic comorbidity analysis on 1860 groups of comorbidities exploring all spectrum of known disease, in 59 140 individuals (11 440 females) with ASD from 4 age groups. We explored ASD sex differences in 2 independent real-world datasets, across all potential comorbidities by comparing (1) females with ASD vs males with ASD and (2) females with ASD vs females without ASD. Results We identified 27 different comorbidities that appeared significantly more frequently in females with ASD. The comorbidities were mostly neurological (eg, epilepsy, odds ratio [OR] > 1.8, 3-18 years of age), congenital (eg, chromosomal anomalies, OR > 2, 3-18 years of age), and mental disorders (eg, intellectual disability, OR > 1.7, 6-18 years of age). Novel comorbidities included endocrine metabolic diseases (eg, failure to thrive, OR = 2.5, ages 0-2), digestive disorders (gastroesophageal reflux disease: OR = 1.7, 6-11 years of age; and constipation: OR > 1.6, 3-11 years of age), and sense organs (strabismus: OR > 1.8, 3-18 years of age). Discussion A multi-PheWAS intersection approach on real-world data as presented in this study uniquely contributes to the growing body of research regarding sex-based comorbidity analysis in ASD population. Conclusions Our findings provide insights into female-enriched ASD comorbidities that are potentially important in diagnosis, as well as the identification of distinct comorbidity patterns influencing anticipatory treatment or referrals. The code is publicly available (https://github.com/hms-dbmi/sexDifferenceInASD).

Introduction: Burns are medicolegally importance as they are commonest cause of unnatural death in India. Burn is an important factor in suicide and homicide all over world. Burns remain a significant public health problem in low/middle-income countries, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality Aims &Objectives: To find out how thermal burn affect incidence, age, habitat, marital status, manner of death and its medico legal consequence. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital during 2014 to 2018 to assess the pattern of burn deaths amongst females brought for Medico-legal Autopsy from various police stations of Patna district under F.M.T department of N.M.C, Patna in the State of Bihar. Total 540 female burn cases brought for autopsy were included in study. Results: The highest numbers of victims were in the age group of 21 to 30 years (42.23%). Majority of the cases were from rural areas 75.19% and 81.85% of the victims were married. Mostly manner of death is accidental 57.40%. Majority of the burn victims death of the studied case were Hindu. Conclusion: Married females of productive age group belonging to rural areas are worst affected in burn injuries. Awareness campaigns targeting safety precautions, opportunities for basic health education and a change in mindset of society towards females are necessary to curb this menace of burn injuries. Keywords: Burn, Female, Nature of Death, Bihar.

As per the commitment of COP-21, reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under various production systems without affecting productivity is one of the important challenges in addressing global ...

Objective Advancements in human genomics have generated a surge of available data, fueling the growth and accessibility of databases for more comprehensive, in-depth genetic studies. Methods We provide a straightforward and innovative methodology to optimize cloud configuration in order to conduct genome-wide association studies. We utilized Spark clusters on both Google Cloud Platform and Amazon Web Services, as well as Hail (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2646680) for analysis and exploration of genomic variants dataset. Results Comparative evaluation of numerous cloud-based cluster configurations demonstrate a successful and unprecedented compromise between speed and cost for performing genome-wide association studies on 4 distinct whole-genome sequencing datasets. Results are consistent across the 2 cloud providers and could be highly useful for accelerating research in genetics. Conclusions We present a timely piece for one of the most frequently asked questions when moving to the cloud: what is the trade-off between speed and cost?

Purpose Clinicians and researchers must contextualize a patient’s genetic variants against population-based references with detailed phenotyping. We sought to establish globally scalable technology, policy, and procedures for sharing biosamples and associated genomic and phenotypic data on broadly consented cohorts, across sites of care. Methods Three of the nation’s leading children’s hospitals launched the Genomic Research and Innovation Network (GRIN), with federated information technology infrastructure, harmonized biobanking protocols, and material transfer agreements. Pilot studies in epilepsy and short stature were completed to design and test the collaboration model. Results Harmonized, broadly consented institutional review board (IRB) protocols were approved and used for biobank enrollment, creating ever-expanding, compatible biobanks. An open source federated query infrastructure was established over genotype–phenotype databases at the three hospitals. Investigators securely access the GRIN platform for prep to research queries, receiving aggregate counts of patients with particular phenotypes or genotypes in each biobank. With proper approvals, de-identified data is exported to a shared analytic workspace. Investigators at all sites enthusiastically collaborated on the pilot studies, resulting in multiple publications. Investigators have also begun to successfully utilize the infrastructure for grant applications. Conclusions The GRIN collaboration establishes the technology, policy, and procedures for a scalable genomic research network.

The study was conducted on purposively selected Mardanpur village of Chatra block in Chatra district where Sri. Danbhushan Lakra, Progressive farmer has developed a unique model of integrated farming system (IFS) in his 5 acres of the farm. He has designed the farm and segregated the land as per the crops and animal requirement. The IFS model comprised of field crops in 2 acres, vegetables in 1 acre, fruit plants in 0.5 acres, a pig farm in 0.25 acre, a dairy farm in 0.25 acre, Poultry in 0.25 acre, composite fish farming in 0.75 acres. Sri Danbhushan Lakra has adopted the best practices of farming under technological support of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chatra. The productivity and economic return of different enterprises and commodities were calculated and compared with previous productivity and economics. The result indicated that Sri. Danbhushan Lakra has got more than 80 per cent additional yield and profit on different enterprises, which are integrated into the farming system. He has reduced 60% external input like the feed of animal, chemical fertilizer requirement, overall he earns the annual net income Rs. 94430.75 that is 68.6% more as compared to his previous income. It happens due to the interrelation set of enterprises used so that the waste from one component became input for another part of the system, which reduced cost and increased productivity.