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Background: There is a dearth of meta-analytical studies measuring the durability of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate both the effectiveness and durability of MBCT in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders., Methods: We systematically searched six databases from June 11, 2023 to September 16, 2023 for randomized control trials (RCTs) of adults diagnosed with anxiety or depressive disorders as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision or the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems diagnostic criteria; the treatment group received the complete form of MBCT, whereas the control group received other interventions or treatment as usual; the treatment outcome focused on symptoms of depression or anxiety. Two independent reviewers included studies, assessed quality, and extracted data. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2.0 tool was applied to appraise the methodological quality of the included studies. R 4.2.1 software and the "metafor" package were used to estimate the effect sizes based on mean and standard deviation of anxiety and depressive disorders at baseline and postintervention, and at postintervention and follow-up periods for both the treatment and control groups., Result: A total of 1,470 studies were reviewed, and 21 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed an overall standardized mean difference of -0.4806 [CI: -0.7185; -0.2428] and -0.3817 [CI: -0.5407; -0.2228] for reducing anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively indicating the effectiveness of MBCT. Comparison between postintervention and follow-up or follow-up measurement showed a small and nonsignificant effect size for depression (0.0130 [CI: -0.2109; 0.2369]) and anxiety (0.0198 [CI: -0.0660; 0.1057]), suggesting that recovered symptoms in the treatment group were maintained until the follow-up evaluation., Conclusion: MBCT produces long-term treatment effects in the management of both depressive and anxiety disorders., Protocol Preregistration: The current meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and got registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023465494)., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Potato is a globally significant crop, crucial for food security and nutrition. Assessing vital nutritional traits is pivotal for enhancing nutritional value. However, traditional wet lab methods for the screening of large germplasms are time- and resource-intensive. To address this challenge, we used near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid trait estimation in diverse potato germplasms. It employs molecular absorption principles that use near-infrared sections of the electromagnetic spectrum for the precise and rapid determination of biochemical parameters and is non-destructive, enabling trait monitoring without sample compromise. We focused on modified partial least squares (MPLS)-based NIRS prediction models to assess eight key nutritional traits. Various mathematical treatments were executed by permutation and combinations for model calibration. The external validation prediction accuracy was based on the coefficient of determination (RSQ external ), the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD), and the low standard error of performance (SEP). Higher RSQ external values of 0.937, 0.892, and 0.759 were obtained for protein, dry matter, and total phenols, respectively. Higher RPD values were found for protein (3.982), followed by dry matter (3.041) and total phenolics (2.000), which indicates the excellent predictability of the models. A paired t -test confirmed that the differences between laboratory and predicted values are non-significant. This study presents the first multi-trait NIRS prediction model for Indian potato germplasm. The developed NIRS model effectively predicted the remaining genotypes in this study, demonstrating its broad applicability. This work highlights the rapid screening potential of NIRS for potato germplasm, a valuable tool for identifying trait variations and refining breeding strategies, to ensure sustainable potato production in the face of climate change.

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (TolCNDV) causes yellow mosaic disease, which poses a significant biotic constraint for sponge gourd cultivation, potentially resulting in crop loss of up to 100%. In the present investigation, 50 diverse genotypes were screened for 3 years under natural epiphytotic conditions. A subset of 20 genotypes was further evaluated across four different environments. The combined analysis of variance revealed a significant genotype × environment interaction. Eight genotypes consistently exhibited high and stable resistance in the preliminary screening and multi-environment testing. Furthermore, genotype plus genotype × environment interaction biplot analysis identified DSG-29 (G-3), DSG-7 (G-2), DSG-6 (G-1), and DSGVRL-18 (G-6) as the desirable genotypes, which have stable resistance and better yield potential even under diseased conditions. The genotype by yield × trait biplot analysis and multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index analysis further validated the potential of these genotypes for combining higher yield and other desirable traits with higher resistance levels. Additionally, resistant genotypes exhibited higher activities of defense-related enzymes as compared to susceptible genotypes. Thus, genotypes identified in our study will serve as a valuable genetic resource for carrying out future resistance breeding programs in sponge gourd against ToLCNDV., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Singh, Munshi, Singh, Meena, Singh, Nagar, Lyngdoh, Tomar, Dey, Ranjan, Singh, Kumar and Mahajani.)

While conducting field trial of 82 genotypes of bottle gourd at Delhi during 2020-2021, a particular genotype, IC-0262269 was found to be affected by chlorotic curly stunt disease (CCSD). The affected plants were severely stunted and bearing very small chlorotic and crinkle leaves. The disease incidence in the said genotype was as high as 80% among different replicated trial blocks. The application of PCR using a generic primers specific to begomoviruses, as well as species-specific PCR diagnostics to six tomato-infecting begomoviruses: tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPalV), tomato leaf curl Joydebpur virus (ToLCJoV), tomato leaf curl Gujrat virus (ToLCGuV), tomato leaf curl Bangalore virus (ToLCBV), and chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) showed that, only ToLCPalV could be detected in the genotype IC-0262269. Following, rolling circle amplification, cloning and sequencing of full-length DNA-A and DNA-B genome of an isolate BoG1-ND from the genotype IC-0262269 revealed association of ToLCPalV with the disease. The successful agro-infection of the cloned genome of BoG1-ND (DNA-A and DNA-B) in the plants of Nicotiana benthamiana and bottle gourd demonstrated that ToLCPalV is the causal begomovirus of CCSD. The study provides the first evidence of the natural occurrence of ToLCPalV in bottle gourd crop and also showed that the bottle gourd genotype IC-0262269 is super-susceptible to ToLCPalV., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03838-y., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. We are declaring that to the best of our knowledge, there are no conflict of interest existing in the content of the manuscript., (© King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Background: Appraisal of hallucinatory voices plays a significant role in anxiety and depression among patients with auditory hallucinations. Metacognitive beliefs are also associated with psychological distress in schizophrenia patients. However, there is a dearth of literature exploring the role of metacognitive beliefs on the appraisal-distress relationship, specifically, the overemphasis laid on the need to maintain consistency among thoughts and avoid cognitive dissonance., Aim: The aim of the study is to study the role of metacognitive beliefs on the appraisal-distress relationship., Materials and Methods: A total of 126 schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations were selected through purposive sampling technique. The participants were assessed on Hindi version of beliefs about voices questionnaire-revised (BAVQ-R), hospital anxiety and depression scale, metacognition questionnaire-short, and modified (MCQ-SAM)., Results: Correlation analysis indicated significant relationship between the dimensions of BAVQ-R (i.e., benevolence, malevolence, and omnipotence) and MCQ-SAM (i.e., cognitive self-consciousness, positive beliefs about worry, importance of consistency of thoughts, and beliefs about normal experience of unwanted thoughts), depression and anxiety. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that benevolence, malevolence, and importance of consistency of thoughts were predictors of anxiety; malevolence, importance of consistency of thoughts and positive beliefs about worry were predictors of depression. Results of moderation analysis indicated that malevolent beliefs about voices predict the intensity of distress among clinical voice-hearers, and importance of consistency of thoughts plays a moderating role in this appraisal-distress relationship., Conclusion: In schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations, the appraisal-distress relationship is strengthened when the need to maintain cognitive consistency is over-emphasized., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Industrial Psychiatry Journal.)

Background & Aim: Establishing a premorbid level of intellectual functioning is crucial for determining the severity level of impairment and prognosis for patients in clinical setting. Therefore, the study aimed to develop a method to estimate premorbid IQ of Hindi speaking Indian population., Methods and Materials: A Hindi vocabulary test was developed (N = 60) and standardized (N = 100). The regression algorithm has been developed using VAIS, WAPIS, RPMT, and a newly developed Vocabulary test, and validated on 100 normal individuals and on 39 brain injury patients., Results: The estimated premorbid Verbal IQ and performance IQ equation was developed by using demographic variables combine with Hindi vocabulary scores and Matrix Reasoning raw scores respectively. Both the estimated premorbid verbal and performance IQ were found to be significant and valid in estimating verbal and performance IQ in normal and brain injury population., Conclusion: These equations for estimating verbal and performance IQ were found significantly accurate in predicting verbal and performance IQ., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: The Affiliate Stigma Scale (ASS) is a widely used tool to measure affiliate stigma in the caregivers of individuals with various types of mental illnesses. However, the Hindi adaptation of this scale with evident psychometric properties is not available. This study aimed to adapt the ASS in the Hindi language and, further, to validate it in the Indian setting., Methods: Translation and back-translation methods were used to translate the original items of the ASS to the Hindi language. After completion of translations and linguistic adaptation process, the Hindi translated version of the ASS, WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were administered to 140 caregivers of persons with mental illness. Purposive sampling method was adopted. The age range of the participants was 17-60 years. Psychometric properties, as well as the factor structures of the scale, were evaluated., Results: The Hindi version of the ASS has adequate internal consistencies ( r = 0.87-0.93) and test-retest reliability ( r = 0.78, P < 0.001). The concurrent validity of this scale was also high, as the correlation coefficients among the Hindi version of the ASS, WHOQOL-BREF, GHQ-12, and HADS were ranging from 0.23 to 0.35. The exploratory factor analysis revealed three underlying factors, namely, cognition, affect, and behavior., Conclusions: The Hindi version of the ASS is a reliable and valid psychometric tool to measure affiliate stigma in caregivers of patients with mental illness., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© 2022 Indian Psychiatric Society - South Zonal Branch.)

Background: There are rich state-based epidemiological evidences on dementia in India, which shows that neurodegenerative disorders are one of the major public health problems. However, inconsistencies and variability have been observed among the findings of most of the reported studies., Objectives: This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the overall prevalence of dementia in India., Methods: Databases of several web sources, namely EBSCOhost, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were explored for searching the studies that had previously observed the prevalence of dementia in India. Retrieved articles were systematically selected using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the included studies was assessed through guidelines of strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology, and the risk of bias was assessed using the guidelines of Quality in Prognosis Studies. Meta-analysis was computed using R software (3.5.3) with "metaphor" package., Results: The present meta-analysis included 20 epidemiological studies consisting of 86,312 persons, out of which a total number of 1193 persons reported to have dementia across several states of India. The results of the meta-analysis indicated the number of elderly that suffer from dementia amounts to 20 per 1000 population (95% confidence interval: 0.02-0.03). The prevalence was higher in older age groups (75 years and above) as compared to those below 75 years of age. However, the prevalence rates were similar for males and females and rural and urban population., Conclusion: Dementia is a common neuropsychiatric condition in the Indian elderly population. Further, evidence-based national survey is needed to estimate the exact prevalence of the disease in the country., Competing Interests: None

Background/Objective  Mild and moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a neglected field especially with reference to its association with cognitive, behavioral, and emotional sequelae. The present study aimed to investigate the association of affective symptoms and clinical factors with neurocognitive functioning in complicated mild and moderate TBI patients. Materials and Methods  The sample comprised 39 complicated mild and moderate TBI patients with age range of 18 to 59 years. The study was conducted in the Department of Neurosurgery, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The patients were assessed with the neurocognitive tests, Rivermead Post Concussion Symptom Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Statistical Analysis Partial correlations and zero order correlations were used to test the relationships between variables. Results The injury-related factors, namely level of consciousness and Glasgow Coma Scale were found to be associated with divided attention and memory dysfunction ( p < 0.05), respectively. Anxiety was found to be associated with impairment on all domains of neurocognitive function ( p < 0.05) except divided attention. Depressive symptoms were found to be correlated with all the neurocognitive functions ( p < 0.05) except focused and divided attention, whereas head injury symptoms correlated with impairment on focused and divided attention ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Present study highlights the need to acknowledge affective symptoms along with clinical factors in the planning of the rehabilitation programs for such patients in rural scenario., Competing Interests: NoteConflict of Interest The data collection and procedure of the study was in accordance with Helsinki Declaration. None declared., (Association for Helping Neurosurgical Sick People. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).)

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to various sequelae that affect the day-to-day functioning of patients. However, there is a dearth of studies investigating these sequelae in complicated mild TBI and moderate TBI patients., Objective: The prime objective of the present study was to present the neurocognitive and affective profile of complicated mild and moderate TBI patients along with to compare the neurocognitive and affective sequelae in patients with complicated mild and moderate TBI., Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients with complicated mild TBI and 17 patients with Moderate TBI, each with an intracranial lesion were recruited from level 1 trauma center in Varanasi. All patients were assessed with neurocognitive measures, Rivermead Post Concussive Symptoms Questionnaire, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The patients' profiles were presented as clinical series using descriptive analysis. Further, comparison was done by using the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test., Results: Findings revealed that complicated mild TBI patients reported significantly higher psychological distress and post head injury symptoms in comparison to patients with moderate TBI. Further, the complicated mild TBI and moderate TBI groups showed differences with respect to verbal fluency, mental speed, and flexibility tasks., Conclusions: Complicated mild TBI and moderate TBI groups have not differed significantly on most of the cognitive tasks. Furthermore, affective symptoms were found more prominent in complicated mild TBI group as compared to the moderate TBI group., Competing Interests: None

Background: There is a large body of literature and scientific data regarding the efficacy of pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia, however, studies on Yoga therapy is scanty. Yoga is a means of balancing and harmonizing the body, mind and emotion, and for enlightening the mind and upliftment of the total personality., Aims: The present study was conducted to determine the efficacy of Yoga therapy as an adjunctive therapy and to see its effects on psychopathology on the patients suffering from chronic schizophrenia., Settings and Design: Pre- and post-test design with the control group., Materials and Methods: It is a study using purposive sampling technique by which 30 chronic schizophrenic patients were selected and 15 patients were randomly assigned to Yoga therapy along with pharmacotherapy (experimental group), and 15 were assigned pharmacotherapy alone (control group) after the baseline assessment using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The Yoga group attended Yoga therapy everyday for about 1½ h including motivational and feedback session., Results: At the end of 1 month postassessment was done, and schizophrenic patients, who received the yogic intervention showed better rating than those in pharmacotherapy alone on PANSS variables., Conclusion: Yoga could be a right choice for improving psychopathology resulting in better quality of life along with other pharmacological management and psychosocial interventions.

Aim: To assess personality disorder (PD), emotional intelligence (EI), and locus of control of alcohol dependent (AD) patients and its comparison with normal controls., Materials and Methods: Based on purposive sampling technique, 33 AD patients were selected from the De-Addiction Ward of Ranchi Institute of Neuro-Psychiatry and Allied Sciences (RINPAS) and 33 matched normal subjects were selected from Ranchi and nearby places. Both the groups were matched on various sociodemographic parameters, that is, age, gender, and socioeconomic level. All participants were assessed with Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III, Mangal EI Inventory, and Locus of Control scale. Obtained responses were scored by using standard scoring procedures and subsequently statistically analyzed by using Chi-square test., Results: AD patients have more comorbid pathological personality traits and disorders in comparison to their normal counterparts. Depressive, narcissistic, and paranoid PDs were prominent among AD group; followed by schizotypal, antisocial, negativistic, dependent, schizoid, sadistic, masochistic, and borderline PD. In comparison to normal participants, AD patients were significantly deficient in almost all the areas of EI and their locus of control was externally oriented., Conclusion: Patients with AD have significantly higher PDs, low EI, and an external orientation on the locus of control. Identification and management of these comorbid conditions are likely to improve the management and outcome of AD.