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Biologically inspired synthesis of nanoparticles was found to be more attractive in metal nanoparticle synthesis. The present study reported an in-situ biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Solanum trilobatum aqueous leaf extract. On this basis, the aqueous leaf extract of S. trilobatum acted as a reducing agent and stabilizing agent to synthesize highly stable AgNPs at ambient temperature. Eventually, the synthesized and stabilized AgNPs surface plasmon resonance was near 430 nm through a UV–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometer. Here, the stability of the silver colloids monitored through zeta potential and mean particle size was evaluated through diffraction light scattering (DLF). Further, the average particle size was found to be 27.6 nm and spherical, confirmed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, colloidal AgNPs and aqueous extract are found to be rich sources of antioxidants and exhibit higher free radical scavenging ability. Thus, efficient inhibition with COX1 and COX2 enzymes and the protective effect with human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stability showed significant results. These features are promising, suggesting the possibility of the AgNPs to be useful to disease-modifying for treating inflammatory disorders and associated complications.

Background: Plants are the major sources of antioxidants, which maintains oxidant: antioxidant state or is to protect from excessive reactive oxygen species in case of cryo medium selection though maintain sperm stability. Bottleneck: Cryo preservation of infertile smokers is challengeable with the available medium due to over production of ROS hitches, were cause loss of sperm physiology. Hence, a novel medium is needed to store/protect sperm cells of infertile smokers where they attending/ongoing IVF or oncogenic surgical treatment. Aim: The aim of this study, is to check the stability of sperm cells by TPP-T.arjuna bark (TAB) (E4) cryo medium preserved infertile smoker’s against ROS/cryo injury- as a continuous study. Materials and methods: 42 infertile smoker’s subjects with 28 control subjects were selected. Surface morphology (acrosome) of sperm by scanning electronic microscope, sperm membrane proteins by colorimetric method, sperm head and tail defects by CASA method and finally sperm cell stability is checking its zeta electric potential charges, were all done with E4 cryo medium treated frozen/thawed selected study subjects. Results: Sperm morphology and zeta potential shows there is no damage along the stability of cells maintained during E4 medium cryopreservation in infertile subjects. Summary: This is the first study is too established for infertile smokers sperm stability was checked for six months with E4 cryo medium. Keywords: Sperm stability, E4 medium, ROS, Cryo injury, Tea poly phenol, Terminaliaarjuna, Glycerol

Background: Cigarette smoking is the leading source of oxidative species of free radicals, which causes an imbalance in the sperm's homeostatic state during spermatogenesis. Telomere length is influenced by a variety of factors, including oxidative stress, obesity, infection, telomere uncapping, and autoimmune disorders. Materials and methods: The study participants were divided into two groups--fertile nonsmokers (n = 85), who served as the control group, and infertile smokers (n = 85). The subjects chosen ranged in age from 26 to 39 years. After 48--72 hours of sexual abstinence by masturbation, semen samples were collected from each subject and allowed to stand at room temperature for 30 minutes for liquefaction. Following liquefaction, the samples were subjected to automated computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) to assess the quality of the sperm in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines from 2010. The morphological characteristics and velocity parameters were evaluated using CASA, just like the major semen characteristics. Results: The relative and absolute telomere length of sperm telomere loss was significantly affected by smoke toxicants in infertile subjects. Meanwhile, elevated 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG)/dG and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in infertile smokers were negatively correlated with absolute telomere length, and sperm morphology was directly related to damaged or telomere-shortened sperm. Furthermore, halo sperm acrosome status with reduced live sperm cells was discovered in infertile smokers. Conclusion: Finally, our findings show that smoke toxicants directly or indirectly affect sperm cells by increasing oxidative species (ROS) and that sperm maturation, spermatogenesis, and sperm telomere shortening are all significant issues when sperm cells are subjected to oxidative stress, which causes deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) integrity to be compromised. Clinical significance: Male infertility, increased ROS, abortion, chromosomal abnormalities, defective sperm, and as a smoke toxicant apart from cancer, it also causes infertility in males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]