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1. Arylacetamide deacetylase attenuates fatty-acid-induced triacylglycerol accumulation in rat hepatoma cells

Author

Vivien Lo, Bruce Erickson, Michaela Thomason-Hughes, Kerry W.S. Ko, Vernon W. Dolinsky, Randy Nelson, and Richard Lehner

Subjects
lipase, very low density lipoprotein, endoplasmic reticulum, β-oxidation, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract

Mobilization of hepatic triacylglycerol stores provides substrates for mitochondrial β-oxidation and assembly of VLDLs; however, the identity of lipolytic enzymes involved in the regulation of this process remains largely unknown. Arylacetamide deacetylase (AADA) shares homology with hormone-sensitive lipase and therefore could potentially participate in hepatic lipid metabolism, including the regulation of hepatic triacylglycerol levels. We have established McArdle-RH7777 (rat hepatoma) cell lines stably expressing mouse AADA cDNA and performed metabolic labeling as well as lipid mass analyses. Expression of AADA cDNA in McArdle-RH7777 cells significantly reduced intracellular triacylglycerol levels and apolipoprotein B secretion and increased fatty acid oxidation.

Published
2010
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2. Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax Surveillance, Connecticut, September–December, 2001

Author

Alcia A. Williams, Umesh D. Parashar, Adrian Stoica, Renee Ridzon, David L. Kirschke, Richard F. Meyer, Jennifer McClellan, Marc Fischer, Randy Nelson, Matt Cartter, James L. Hadler, John A. Jernigan, Eric E. Mast, and David L. Swerdlow

Subjects
Connecticut, United States, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

On November 19, 2001, a case of inhalational anthrax was identified in a 94-year-old Connecticut woman, who later died. We conducted intensive surveillance for additional anthrax cases, which included collecting data from hospitals, emergency departments, private practitioners, death certificates, postal facilities, veterinarians, and the state medical examiner. No additional cases of anthrax were identified. The absence of additional anthrax cases argued against an intentional environmental release of Bacillus anthracis in Connecticut and suggested that, if the source of anthrax had been cross-contaminated mail, the risk for anthrax in this setting was very low. This surveillance system provides a model that can be adapted for use in similar emergency settings.

Published
2002
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4. Circadian Rhythms Disrupted by Light at Night and Mistimed Food Intake Alter Hormonal Rhythms and Metabolism

Author

Randy Nelson, Olga H. Meléndez-Fernández, and Jennifer A. Liu

Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, General Medicine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Catalysis, Computer Science Applications
Abstract

Availability of artificial light and light-emitting devices have altered human temporal life, allowing 24-hour healthcare, commerce and production, and expanding social life around the clock. However, physiology and behavior that evolved in the context of 24 h solar days are frequently perturbed by exposure to artificial light at night. This is particularly salient in the context of circadian rhythms, the result of endogenous biological clocks with a rhythm of ~24 h. Circadian rhythms govern the temporal features of physiology and behavior, and are set to precisely 24 h primarily by exposure to light during the solar day, though other factors, such as the timing of meals, can also affect circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are significantly affected by night shift work because of exposure to nocturnal light, electronic devices, and shifts in the timing of meals. Night shift workers are at increased risk for metabolic disorder, as well as several types of cancer. Others who are exposed to artificial light at night or late mealtimes also show disrupted circadian rhythms and increased metabolic and cardiac disorders. It is imperative to understand how disrupted circadian rhythms alter metabolic function to develop strategies to mitigate their negative effects. In this review, we provide an introduction to circadian rhythms, physiological regulation of homeostasis by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and SCN-mediated hormones that display circadian rhythms, including melatonin and glucocorticoids. Next, we discuss circadian-gated physiological processes including sleep and food intake, followed by types of disrupted circadian rhythms and how modern lighting disrupts molecular clock rhythms. Lastly, we identify how disruptions to hormones and metabolism can increase susceptibility to metabolic syndrome and risk for cardiovascular diseases, and discuss various strategies to mitigate the harmful consequences associated with disrupted circadian rhythms on human health.

Published
2023

9. The Wildest Hunt : True Stories of Game Wardens and Poachers

Author

Randy Nelson and Randy Nelson

Subjects
Poaching--United States--Anecdotes, Wildlife crime investigation--Canada--Anecdotes, Poaching--Canada--Anecdotes, Game wardens--Canada--Anecdotes, Game wardens--United States--Anecdotes, Wildlife conservation--United States--Anecdotes, Wildlife crime investigation--United States--Anecdotes, Wildlife conservation--Canada--Anecdotes
Abstract

A lively collection of wilder-than-fiction poaching stories from across Canada and the US, including insights from investigating officers involved in real poaching situations. Get ready to read some of the wildest true crime imaginable. Showcasing fish and wildlife poaching stories from every province and territory in Canada and every state in the United States, decorated fishery officer Randy Nelson offers a thrilling look into a dangerous industry. With insights gathered through thousands of phone calls and emails to investigating officers, The Wildest Hunt collects over one hundred North American fish and wildlife officers'stories, with tales ranging from absolutely disgusting to hysterically hilarious. Nelson takes readers across North America, from busting turtle-trafficking rings in Oklahoma to collecting a 4.5-metre beluga whale from a bus in Saskatchewan. Nelson's entertaining stories also shed light on the important work of fish and wildlife officers, and the often messy, sometimes dangerous situations they must face, as well as how important the public can be in solving wildlife crime.

Published
2022

10. First Report of the Perfect Stage of Powdery Mildew of Sugar Beet in North Dakota Caused by Erysiphe polygoni

Author

Mohamed F. R. Khan, Carl A. Bradley, Randy Nelson, and Pragyan Burlakoti

Subjects
Ascocarp, Fungicide, Cercospora, biology, Agronomy, Leaf spot, Sugar beet, Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, Cercospora beticola, Agronomy and Crop Science, Erysiphe polygoni, Powdery mildew
Abstract

Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe polygoni was widespread on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) in North Dakota during 2006. This disease is generally not prevalent in the state because of the application of fungicides, which also have efficacy against powdery mildew, for control of Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora beticola. Because Cercospora leaf spot pressure was low in 2006, fewer fungicide applications were made in the state, thus allowing for more observations of powdery mildew. Leaf samples from four fields near Amenia, Minto, Prosper, and St. Thomas, ND were collected in mid-September to look for the perfect stage of E. polygoni, since this has recently been observed in Idaho, Colorado, Montana, and Nebraska (1–3). Only the leaves collected from the field near Amenia had visible immature (yellow and brown) globose ascomata; ascomata were not observed on the leaves collected in the other fields. Additional leaves were collected from the field near Amenia in early October; these leaves had immature and mature (black) globose ascomata that were 70 to 105 μm in diameter. Mature ascomata contained ovoid to elliptic asci with one to four hyaline-to-golden pigmented ascospores (20 to 25 × 12 to 20 μm). The color, shape, and size of ascomata, asci, and ascospores were similar to previously reported observations (1–4). The prevalence of the perfect stage in North Dakota is unknown, since no statewide surveys were conducted. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the perfect stage of E. polygoni on sugar beet in North Dakota. The occurrence of the perfect stage could lead to a means for overwintering in this area. Because of the means for genetic recombination, the risk of fungicide resistance and the development of races may increase. References: (1) J. J. Gallian and L. E. Hanson. Plant Dis. 87:200, 2003. (2) R. M. Harveson. Plant Dis. 88:1049, 2004. (3) B. Jacobsen et al. Plant Dis. 89:1362, 2005. (4) E. G. Ruppel. Powdery mildew. Pages 13–15 in: Compendium of Beet Diseases and Insects. E. D. Whitney and J. E. Duffus, eds. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN, 1986.

Published
2019

11. Abstract LB-326: Unresolved microgliosis and impaired neurogenesis are associated with cognitive deficiency in a clinically relevant mouse model of fractionated whole brain radiation

Author

Suman Kanji, Benjamin Johnson, Kristina Witcher, Pooja Gulati, John Gregory Bodnar, Julie Fitzgerald, Courtney DeVries, Randy Nelson, Jonathan Godbout, Saikh Jaharul Haque, and Arnab Chakravarti

Subjects
Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Microglia, business.industry, Synaptic pruning, Neurogenesis, Cancer, Microgliosis, medicine.disease, Barnes maze, CTL, medicine.anatomical_structure, Internal medicine, medicine, Immunohistochemistry, business
Abstract

The objective of this study is to evaluate the cellular and molecular changes associated with the cognitive function as a late- effect of clinically relevant fractionated whole brain irradiation (fWBI) treatment using immunocompetent mouse model. Microglia are not only the immune mediators of the brain but also involved in synaptic pruning and neurogenesis. However, the microglial response to fractionated radiation and how this contributes to radiation-induced cognitive impairment is poorly understood. Here, C57BL/6J mice were randomized into two groups. One group received X-radiation (XRT) and another was sham treated (CTL). The whole brain of each XRT mouse received a total of 30 Gy (3 Gy/fraction) of radiation over two weeks. XRT and CTL mice were then evaluated for cognitive and behavioral functions after one, four, and six months of radiation treatment using the rotarod test, novel object recognition test, the free running Y-Maze and Barnes Maze. Whole brains were harvested and stored after completion of behavioral studies for immunohistochemical analysis. Microglia were enriched by Percoll gradient separation and extracted mRNA was characterized by qPCR analysis. A significant (P Citation Format: Suman Kanji, Benjamin Johnson, Kristina Witcher, Pooja Gulati, John Gregory Bodnar, Julie Fitzgerald, Courtney DeVries, Randy Nelson, Jonathan Godbout, Saikh Jaharul Haque, Saikh Jaharul Haque, Arnab Chakravarti. Unresolved microgliosis and impaired neurogenesis are associated with cognitive deficiency in a clinically relevant mouse model of fractionated whole brain radiation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-326.

Published
2018

12. Baseline Sensitivity of Fusarium Species Associated with Fusarium Diseases to Metconazole, Triticonazole, and Thiabendazole Fungicides

Author

Tika B. Adhikari, Viviana V. Rivera, Gary A. Secor, Rishi R. Burlakoti, Pragyan Burlakoti, Mohamed F. R. Khan, and Randy Nelson

Subjects
Fusarium, biology, Benomyl, biology.organism_classification, Fusarium wilt, Fungicide, Horticulture, chemistry.chemical_compound, Agronomy, Cercospora, chemistry, Fusarium oxysporum, Root rot, Potato dextrose agar
Abstract

Baseline sensitivity was determined using in vitro radial growth assay for Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, and a novel uncharacterized Fusarium sp. nov. from sugarbeet, and F. sambucinum from potato, to metconazole, triticonazole, and thiabendazole. All the isolates from sugarbeet and a thiabendazole-sensitive F. sambucinum isolate were sensitive to the tested fungicides. A thiabendazole-resistant isolate of F. sambucinum was resistant to thiabendazole but sensitive to the other two fungicides. The EC50 values of F. oxysporum, F. graminearum, and F. sp. nov. for triticonazole were 0.51 μg ml-1, 2.15 μg ml-1, and 0.04 μg ml-1, respectively. The EC50 values of F. oxysporum, F. graminearum, and F. sp. nov. for metconazole were 0.04 μg ml-1, 0.03 μg ml-1, and 0.02 μg ml-1, respectively. The EC50 values of F. oxysporum, F. graminearum, and F. sp. nov. for thiabendazole were 0.57 μg ml-1, 0.54 μg ml-1, and 0.64 μg ml-1, respectively. Generally, a higher concentration of triticonazole and thiabendazole compared to metconazole were required to reduce colony growth by 50%. The low EC50 values of metconazole, triticonazole, and thiabendazole for the Fusarium species tested suggest that they are potential candidates for control of Fusarium diseases of sugarbeet. Research is needed to determine the 24 Journal of Sugar Beet Research Vol. 47 Nos. 1 & 2 effectiveness of these fungicides for control of Fusarium diseases under field conditions. Additional key words: Beta vulgaris, benzimidazole, EC50, triazole. M and North Dakota ranked first and second in sugarbeet production in the United States during 2008 (USDA ERS, 2009). The acreage planted in the bi-state area was 312,417 ha, that represented 58% of the total United States crop. The fungal diseases, Cercospora leaf spot, Aphanomyces root rot, and Rhizoctonia crown and root rot, are the most damaging diseases for the sugarbeet industry in this region. In 2002, another fungal disease, Fusarium yellows, was reported in Minnesota and North Dakota (Khan et al., 2003). Fusarium yellows is becoming a serious problem particularly for growers in the Moorhead factory district (Windels et al., 2005). Pathogenicity studies (Burlakoti, 2007) confirmed that F. oxysporum, F. graminearum, and novel, previously undescribed Fusarium species, hereafter referred to as F. sp. nov (Rivera et al., 2008) recovered from diseased sugarbeet with foliar symptoms similar to Fusarium yellows, from fields in west-central Minnesota (Sabin, Fossum, and Georgetown), caused foliar yellowing and vascular discoloration of sugarbeet seedlings in greenhouse conditions. Fusarium diseases of sugarbeet have been reported from Nebraska (Bockstahler, 1940), Wyoming and Minnesota (Hanson, 2006a), Michigan (Hanson, 2006b), Colorado (Hanson and Jacobsen, 2006; Stewart, 1931), Texas, (Harveson and Rush, 1997; Ruppel, 1991; Rush and Martyn, 1991), Oregon (Rush and Martyn, 1991), North Dakota and Minnesota (Windels et al., 2005; Khan et al., 2003), India, Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands (Duffus and Ruppel, 1993). Fusarium diseases on sugarbeet causes yield loss due to poor plant population, stunted growth, and increased impurities in extracted juice (Bosch and Mirocha, 1992; Harveson and Rush, 1997; Schneider and Whitney, 1986; Windels et al., 2005). The use of resistant cultivars is an effective means to manage many diseases of sugarbeet (Biancardi, 2005; Bugbee and Cole, 1979). Screening for cultivars resistant to Fusarium diseases in Minnesota and North Dakota started in 2005 (Niehaus, 2006). Effective host-plant resistance to Fusarium diseases of sugarbeet have not been identified (Francis and Luterbacher, 2003). No commercial sugarbeet cultivar is immune to Fusarium diseases and most cultivars have at least some susceptibility (Biancardi, 2005). In this context, fungicides should be considered as a tactic to control the disease. Currently, triazole fungicides provide the most effective control Jan. July 2010 Baseline Sensitivity 25 of Fusarium species (Mesterhazy et al., 2003). Triazoles have provided control of Fusarium head blight of small grains, dollar spot and other diseases of turfgrass in the United States for many years (Koller, 1988; Loss et al., 2005). Haidukowski et al. (2005) reported that efficacy of triazole fungicides at controlling Fusarium head blight depended upon the time of application and control ranged from 25% to 89% in field conditions. Thiabendazole belongs to the benzimidazole class of fungicide. Thiabendazole binds the beta tubulin gene and inhibits fungal growth (Davidse, 1986). Benzimidazole has provided control of Fusarium species on seedlings, and tubers of a variety of crops (Davidse, 1986; Hanson et al., 1996). For example, soil drenching by benomyl reduced foliar and internal xylem-browning symptoms of Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Erwin, 1973). Thiabendazole provided effective control against Fusarium wilt in potato caused by several Fusarium species (Secor et al., 1992). However, prolonged usage of thiabendazole resulted in resistance to thiabendazole in some isolates of F. sambucinum, F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. acuminatum, and F. culmorum from potato (Hanson et al., 1996). In vitro sensitivity of Fusarium species associated with sugarbeet to the triazoles, metconazole and triticonazole, and thiabendazole have not been determined. It would be useful to determine sensitivity of Fusarium species associated with Fusarium diseases of sugarbeet to triazoles and thiabendazole to evaluate their potential for field use. The objective of this study was to determine the baseline sensitivity of F. oxysporum, F. graminearum, and F. sp. nov. (Rivera et al., 2008) associated with sugarbeet in Minnesota and North Dakota to metconazole, triticonazole, and thiabendazole. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolate collection and growing condition. Ninety-eight isolates [50 Fusarium sp. nov., 18 Fusarium oxysporum, and 30 Fusarium graminearum] were collected in Minnesota from Fusarium-diseased sugarbeet in 2005, and twenty five Fusarium oxysporum isolates were collected in 2006. A thiabendazole-resistant isolate (420-1c) and thiabendazole-sensitive (413-1a) isolate of Fusarium sambucinum from potato was used as a check in the thiabendazole-sensitivity in-vitro assay and also was grown on metconazole and triticonazole amended plates as described by Estrada (2007). Each isolate was transferred to two petri dishes containing freshly prepared half strength potato dextrose agar (HPDA) and incubated at 25 to 26°C for five days under 24 h fluorescent light. HPDA was prepared by autoclaving 100 26 Journal of Sugar Beet Research Vol. 47 Nos. 1 & 2 g of potato in 1 liter of distilled water for 20 min. followed by straining through cheesecloth to remove the water. The potato extract was mixed with 10 g dextrose and 10 g agar and autoclaved for 20 min. Fungicide sensitivity in vitro assay. The sensitivity of each isolate to thiabendazole (technical grade, Merck and Co., Rahway, NJ), metconazole, and triticonazole (commercial, BASF, Raleigh, NC) was determined by comparing the radial growth of each isolate on fungicide amended media to growth on nonamended media. Thiabendazole was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) due to greater solubility and to control bacterial growth (Kawchuk et al., 1994). Metconazole and triticonazole were dissolved in sterile distilled water to obtain stock solution of 100μg mL-1 which was further diluted to 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01μg mL-1. Each concentration of each fungicide was incorporated into autoclaved media. The effect of the fungicide on mycelial growth in vitro was determined on HPDA media amended with 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg mL-1 of fungicide. A 5-mm diameter mycelial plug from the margin of a five day old actively growing culture of each isolate was inverted and transferred to the center of petri dishes (90 mm) with the fungicide amended media and the non-amended media. Isolate sensitivity to fungicides was assessed by measuring colony diameter of mycelial growth after 6 days of incubation at room temperature in the dark for F. graminearum and after seven days of incubation for F. oxysporum and F. sp. nov. Two perpendicular measurements of colony diameter, excluding the original plug diameter (5 mm), were obtained from each plate. Isolates were replicated twice with two plates per replication at each fungicide concentration. The experiment was repeated. The diameter of each colony on fungicide amended medium relative to the diameter of the colony on non-amended medium was recorded. The relative growth reduction percentage for each fungicide concentration was calculated as follows; [100-(diameter on fungicide amended medium/diameter on nonamended medium)*100]. EC50 values of each isolate were calculated by determining the effective fungicide concentration that inhibited mycelial growth by 50%. We considered isolates as sensitive if their EC50 values were equal to or less than 10 μg ml-1, and resistant if their EC50 values were greater than 10 μg ml-1 (Kawchuk et al. 1994). Data analysis. The effective fungicide dose that inhibited radial growth by 50% (EC50) was determined for each isolate by using the general linear modeling procedure in Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute, Cary, Jan. July 2010 Baseline Sensitivity 27 NC). A homogeneous test was conducted for the repeated experiments based on calculated F values and Bartlett chi-square values before combining the data from the repeated experiment.

Published
2010

13. Survival, Dispersal, and Primary Infection Site for Cercospora beticola in Sugar Beet

Author

Gary A. Secor, Viviana Rivera-Varas, Mohamed F. R. Khan, Jahangir Khan, Randy Nelson, and L. E. del Río

Subjects
biology, Inoculation, fungi, food and beverages, Growing season, Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, Cercospora beticola, Spore, Horticulture, Cercospora, Botany, Leaf spot, Sugar beet, Biennial plant, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Cercospora beticola survives as stromata in infected crop residue. Spores produced on these survival structures serve as primary inoculum during the next cropping season. This study was conducted to determine how long C. beticola can survive at different soil depths, the mechanism of inoculum dispersal, and the primary infection site in sugar beet. Longevity of C. beticola was studied over a 3-year period under field conditions at Fargo, ND. C. beticola-infected leaves were placed at depths of 0, 10, and 20 cm and retrieved after 10, 22, and 34 months. Survival of C. beticola inoculum declined with time and soil depth. Inoculum left on the soil surface, 0 cm in depth, survived the longest (22 months) compared with that buried at 10 cm (10 months) and 20 cm (10 months). C. beticola dispersal from the primary source of inoculum was studied in the field for three growing seasons. Sugar beet plants were surrounded with plastic cages with and without ground cover, or exposed with and without ground cover. Significantly higher disease severity was observed on exposed plants than caged plants with or without ground cover, suggesting that wind was the major dispersal factor for C. beticola inoculum. The primary infection site by C. beticola was determined in a greenhouse study. Leaves, roots, and stems of healthy sugar beet plants were inoculated with C. beticola. Cercospora leaf spot symptoms were observed only on plants that were leaf inoculated, suggesting that the leaf was the primary infection site for C. beticola.

Published
2008

14. Improving the Cercospora Leaf Spot Management Model for Sugar Beet in Minnesota and North Dakota

Author

L. E. del Río, Jahangir Khan, Mohamed F. R. Khan, and Randy Nelson

Subjects
biology, Management model, Plant Science, Pesticide, biology.organism_classification, Cercospora beticola, Fungicide, Horticulture, Cercospora, Disease severity, Botany, Leaf spot, Sugar beet, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Management of Cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora beticola, is necessary for the economic production of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of two relative humidity thresholds (87 and 90%) on the daily infection values (DIVs) used to determine when fungicide applications were required, to determine whether current Cercospora management recommendations for northern areas of Minnesota and North Dakota could be used by growers in the southern areas of these states, and to compare the utility of calendar-based fungicide applications with the Cercospora management model. Research was conducted in Breckenridge, MN and St. Thomas, ND in 2003 and 2004. Fungicide applications significantly (P = 0.05) reduced maximum disease severity (ymax) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) when compared with the nontreated control at both locations during 2003 and 2004. Fungicides applied according to DIVs calculated at RH ≥ 87% or RH > 90% gave similar results. The mandatory second fungicide application 14 days after the first application for southern areas did not significantly decrease disease severity or AUDPC, or improve root yield or recoverable sucrose compared with treatments without the mandatory application. This research illustrates that a DIV calculated at RH ≥ 87% would result in similar timing of fungicide applications compared with DIVs calculated at RH > 90%. The results further show that the recommendation of fungicide applications at initial symptom and subsequent applications based on DIV and disease severity should be used for both northern and southern growers. Finally, this research showed that fungicide applications based on the Cercospora management model provided similar, effective disease control with fewer fungicide applications compared with calendar-based applications.

Published
2007

15. Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax Surveillance, Connecticut, September–December, 2001

Author

Matt Cartter, John A. Jernigan, Randy Nelson, Richard F. Meyer, James L. Hadler, Marc Fischer, David Kirschke, Jennifer McClellan, Umesh D. Parashar, David L. Swerdlow, Renee Ridzon, Alcia A. Williams, Adrian Stoica, and Eric E. Mast

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Epidemiology, lcsh:Medicine, complex mixtures, Death Certificates, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Veterinarians, Anthrax, Occupational Exposure, Environmental health, Absenteeism, Influenza, Human, medicine, Postal service, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Postal Service, Respiratory Tract Infections, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Inhalation Exposure, biology, business.industry, Data Collection, lcsh:R, fungi, Medical examiner, Dispatch, Skin Diseases, Bacterial, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Bioterrorism, United States, Bacillus anthracis, Connecticut, Infectious Diseases, Population Surveillance, Inhalational anthrax, Female, Occupational exposure, Medical emergency, business, Coroners and Medical Examiners
Abstract

On November 19, 2001, a case of inhalational anthrax was identified in a 94-year-old Connecticut woman, who later died. We conducted intensive surveillance for additional anthrax cases, which included collecting data from hospitals, emergency departments, private practitioners, death certificates, postal facilities, veterinarians, and the state medical examiner. No additional cases of anthrax were identified. The absence of additional anthrax cases argued against an intentional environmental release of Bacillus anthracis in Connecticut and suggested that, if the source of anthrax had been cross-contaminated mail, the risk for anthrax in this setting was very low. This surveillance system provides a model that can be adapted for use in similar emergency settings.

Published
2002

16. Ecoimmunology

Author

Gregory Demas, Randy Nelson, Gregory Demas, and Randy Nelson

Subjects
Psychoneuroimmunology, Biotic communities, Immune system, Disease susceptibility
Abstract

The role of parasites and pathogens in the evolution of life history traits is of increasing interest to both ecologists and evolutionary biologists. Immunology, which was once studied almost exclusively by immunologists, has become an important area of proximate investigation to animal physiologists as a means for understanding changes in disease susceptibility and the neural and neuroendocrine mechanisms that mediate these changes. The coalescence of these different perspectives has given rise to the field of ecological immunology, an interdisciplinary research field that examines interactions among host physiology and disease ecology in a wide range of environmentally relevant contexts. The goal of ecological immunology is to understand immune function in the context of life-history traits across a wide range of organisms. Research within the field combines diverse approaches from a wide range of scientific disciplines including evolution, ecology, and life history theory to endocrinology, neuroscience, molecular biology, and behavior. This book critically reviews recent advances in the discipline of ecoimmunology. Chapters are written by experts in their respective fields and cover diverse topics including how environmental factors can affect host immune function, the complex dynamics among host immunity, pathogen prevalence and disease susceptibility, and the physiological mechanisms that lead to adaptive changes in immune responses. By integrating analyses of immune system function within animal biology, investigators will gain will gain a more comprehensive and satisfying understanding of organism-environment interactions at both ultimate and proximate levels of analysis.

Published
2012

17. Measurement of the W+W− and ZZ production cross sections in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=8 TeV

Author

Serguei, Chatrchyan, Vardan, Khachatryan, Sirunyan, Albert M., Armen, Tumasyan, Wolfgang, Adam, Ernest, Aguilo, Thomas, Bergauer, Marko, Dragicevic, Janos, Erö, Christian, Fabjan, Markus, Friedl, Rudolf, Fruehwirth, Vasile Mihai Ghete, Natascha, Hörmann, Josef, Hrubec, Manfred, Jeitler, Wolfgang, Kiesenhofer, Valentin, Knünz, Manfred, Krammer, Ilse, Krätschmer, Dietrich, Liko, Ivan, Mikulec, Manfred, Pernicka, Dinyar, Rabady, Babak, Rahbaran, Christine, Rohringer, Herbert, Rohringer, Robert, Schöfbeck, Josef, Strauss, Anton, Taurok, Wolfgang, Waltenberger, Claudia Elisabeth Wulz, Vladimir, Mossolov, Nikolai, Shumeiko, Juan Suarez Gonzalez, Sara, Alderweireldt, Monika, Bansal, Sunil, Bansal, Tom, Cornelis, De Wolf, Eddi A., Xavier, Janssen, Sten, Luyckx, Luca, Mucibello, Silvia, Ochesanu, Benoit, Roland, Romain, Rougny, Hans Van Haevermaet, Pierre Van Mechelen, Nick Van Remortel, Alex Van Spilbeeck, Freya, Blekman, Stijn, Blyweert, Jorgen, D'Hondt, Rebeca Gonzalez Suarez, Alexis, Kalogeropoulos, Michael, Maes, Annik, Olbrechts, Stefaan, Tavernier, Walter Van Doninck, Petra Van Mulders, Gerrit Patrick Van Onsem, Ilaria, Villella, Barbara, Clerbaux, Gilles De Lentdecker, Vincent, Dero, Arnaud, Gay, Tomas, Hreus, Alexandre, Léonard, Pierre Edouard Marage, Abdollah, Mohammadi, Thomas, Reis, Laurent, Thomas, Catherine Vander Velde, Pascal, Vanlaer, Jian, Wang, Volker, Adler, Kelly, Beernaert, Anna, Cimmino, Silvia, Costantini, Guillaume, Garcia, Martin, Grunewald, Benjamin, Klein, Jérémie, Lellouch, Andrey, Marinov, Joseph, Mccartin, Alberto Andres Ocampo Rios, Dirk, Ryckbosch, Michael, Sigamani, Nadja, Strobbe, Filip, Thyssen, Michael, Tytgat, Sinead, Walsh, Efe, Yazgan, Nicolas, Zaganidis, Suzan, Basegmez, Giacomo, Bruno, Roberto, Castello, Ludivine, Ceard, Christophe, Delaere, Tristan Du Pree, Denis, Favart, Laurent, Forthomme, Andrea, Giammanco, Jonathan, Hollar, Vincent, Lemaitre, Junhui, Liao, Otilia, Militaru, Claude, Nuttens, Davide, Pagano, Arnaud, Pin, Krzysztof, Piotrzkowski, Michele, Selvaggi, Jesus Manuel Vizan Garcia, Nikita, Beliy, Thierry, Caebergs, Evelyne, Daubie, Gregory Habib Hammad, Gilvan, Alves, Marcos Correa Martins Junior, Thiago, Martins, Maria Elena Pol, Souza, Moacyr Henrique Gomes E., Walter Luiz Aldá Júnior, Wagner, Carvalho, Jose, Chinellato, Analu, Custódio, Eliza Melo Da Costa, Dilson De Jesus Damiao, Carley De Oliveira Martins, Sandro Fonseca De Souza, Helena, Malbouisson, Magdalena, Malek, Diego Matos Figueiredo, Luiz, Mundim, Helio, Nogima, Wanda Lucia Prado Da Silva, Alberto, Santoro, Luana Soares Jorge, Andre, Sznajder, Edmilson José Tonelli Manganote, Antonio Vilela Pereira, Tiago Souza Dos Anjos, Cesar Augusto Bernardes, Flavia De Almeida Dias, Thiago, Tomei, Eduardo De Moraes Gregores, Caio, Lagana, Franciole Da Cunha Marinho, Mercadante, Pedro G., Novaes, Sergio F., Sandra, Padula, Vladimir, Genchev, Plamen, Iaydjiev, Stefan, Piperov, Mircho, Rodozov, Stefka, Stoykova, Georgi, Sultanov, Vanio, Tcholakov, Rumen, Trayanov, Mariana, Vutova, Anton, Dimitrov, Roumyana, Hadjiiska, Venelin, Kozhuharov, Leander, Litov, Borislav, Pavlov, Peicho, Petkov, Jian Guo Bian, Guo Ming Chen, He Sheng Chen, Chun Hua Jiang, Dong, Liang, Song, Liang, Xiangwei, Meng, Junquan, Tao, Xianyou, Wang, Zheng, Wang, Hong, Xiao, Ming, Xu, Jingjing, Zang, Zhen, Zhang, Chayanit, Asawatangtrakuldee, Yong, Ban, Yifei, Guo, Qiang, Li, Wenbo, Li, Shuai, Liu, Yajun, Mao, Si Jin Qian, Dayong, Wang, Linlin, Zhang, Wei, Zou, Carlos, Avila, Camilo Andres Carrillo Montoya, Juan Pablo Gomez, Bernardo Gomez Moreno, Andres Felipe Osorio Oliveros, Juan Carlos Sanabria, Nikola, Godinovic, Damir, Lelas, Roko, Plestina, Dunja, Polic, Ivica, Puljak, Zeljko, Antunovic, Marko, Kovac, Vuko, Brigljevic, Senka, Duric, Kreso, Kadija, Jelena, Luetic, Darko, Mekterovic, Srecko, Morovic, Lucija, Tikvica, Alexandros, Attikis, Georgios, Mavromanolakis, Jehad, Mousa, Charalambos, Nicolaou, Fotios, Ptochos, Razis, Panos A., Miroslav, Finger, Michael Finger Jr, Yasser, Assran, Sherif, Elgammal, Ali Ellithi Kamel, Alaa Metwaly Kuotb Awad, Mohammed, Mahmoud, Amr, Radi, Mario, Kadastik, Mait, Müntel, Marion, Murumaa, Martti, Raidal, Liis, Rebane, Andres, Tiko, Paula, Eerola, Giacomo, Fedi, Mikko, Voutilainen, Jaakko, Härkönen, Mika Aatos Heikkinen, Veikko, Karimäki, Ritva, Kinnunen, Kortelainen, Matti J., Tapio, Lampén, Kati Lassila Perini, Sami, Lehti, Tomas, Lindén, Panja Riina Luukka, Teppo, Mäenpää, Timo, Peltola, Eija, Tuominen, Jorma, Tuominiemi, Esa, Tuovinen, Donatella, Ungaro, Lauri, Wendland, Arja, Korpela, Tuure, Tuuva, Marc, Besancon, Somnath, Choudhury, Fabrice, Couderc, Marc, Dejardin, Daniel, Denegri, Bernard, Fabbro, Jean Louis Faure, Federico, Ferri, Serguei, Ganjour, Alain, Givernaud, Philippe, Gras, Gautier Hamel de Monchenault, Patrick, Jarry, Elizabeth, Locci, Julie, Malcles, Laurent, Millischer, Aruna, Nayak, John, Rander, André, Rosowsky, Maksym, Titov, Stephanie, Baffioni, Florian, Beaudette, Lamia, Benhabib, Lorenzo, Bianchini, Michal, Bluj, Philippe, Busson, Claude, Charlot, Nadir, Daci, Torsten, Dahms, Mykhailo, Dalchenko, Ludwik, Dobrzynski, Alice, Florent, Raphael Granier de Cassagnac, Maurice, Haguenauer, Philippe, Miné, Camelia, Mironov, Ivo Nicolas Naranjo, Matthew, Nguyen, Christophe, Ochando, Pascal, Paganini, David, Sabes, Roberto, Salerno, Yves, Sirois, Christian, Veelken, Alexandre, Zabi, Jean Laurent Agram, Jeremy, Andrea, Daniel, Bloch, David, Bodin, Jean Marie Brom, Eric Christian Chabert, Caroline, Collard, Eric, Conte, Frédéric, Drouhin, Jean Charles Fontaine, Denis, Gelé, Ulrich, Goerlach, Pierre, Juillot, Anne Catherine Le Bihan, Pierre Van Hove, Stephanie, Beauceron, Nicolas, Beaupere, Olivier, Bondu, Gaelle, Boudoul, Sébastien, Brochet, Julien, Chasserat, Roberto, Chierici, Didier, Contardo, Pierre, Depasse, Houmani El Mamouni, Jean, Fay, Susan, Gascon, Maxime, Gouzevitch, Bernard, Ille, Tibor, Kurca, Morgan, Lethuillier, Laurent, Mirabito, Stephane, Perries, Louis, Sgandurra, Viola, Sordini, Yohann, Tschudi, Patrice, Verdier, Sébastien, Viret, Zviad, Tsamalaidze, Christian, Autermann, Sarah, Beranek, Betty, Calpas, Matthias, Edelhoff, Lutz, Feld, Natalie, Heracleous, Otto, Hindrichs, Ruediger, Jussen, Katja, Klein, Jennifer, Merz, Andrey, Ostapchuk, Adrian, Perieanu, Frank, Raupach, Jan, Sammet, Stefan, Schael, Daniel, Sprenger, Hendrik, Weber, Bruno, Wittmer, Valery, Zhukov, Metin, Ata, Julien, Caudron, Erik Dietz Laursonn, Deborah, Duchardt, Martin, Erdmann, Robert, Fischer, Andreas, Güth, Thomas, Hebbeker, Carsten, Heidemann, Kerstin, Hoepfner, Dennis, Klingebiel, Peter, Kreuzer, Markus, Merschmeyer, Arnd, Meyer, Mark, Olschewski, Klaas, Padeken, Paul, Papacz, Holger, Pieta, Hans, Reithler, Stefan Antonius Schmitz, Lars, Sonnenschein, Jan, Steggemann, Daniel, Teyssier, Sebastian, Thüer, Martin, Weber, Michael, Bontenackels, Vladimir, Cherepanov, Yusuf, Erdogan, Günter, Flügge, Heiko, Geenen, Matthias, Geisler, Wael Haj Ahmad, Felix, Hoehle, Bastian, Kargoll, Thomas, Kress, Yvonne, Kuessel, Joschka, Lingemann, Andreas, Nowack, Ian Michael Nugent, Lars, Perchalla, Oliver, Pooth, Philip, Sauerland, Achim, Stahl, Maria Aldaya Martin, Ivan, Asin, Nazar, Bartosik, Joerg, Behr, Wolf, Behrenhoff, Ulf, Behrens, Matthias, Bergholz, Agni, Bethani, Kerstin, Borras, Armin, Burgmeier, Altan, Cakir, Luigi, Calligaris, Alan, Campbell, Elena, Castro, Francesco, Costanza, Dirk, Dammann, Carmen Diez Pardos, Tyler, Dorland, Guenter, Eckerlin, Doris, Eckstein, Gero, Flucke, Achim, Geiser, Ivan, Glushkov, Paolo, Gunnellini, Shiraz, Habib, Johannes, Hauk, Gregor, Hellwig, Hannes, Jung, Matthias, Kasemann, Panagiotis, Katsas, Claus, Kleinwort, Hannelies, Kluge, Albert, Knutsson, Mira, Krämer, Dirk, Krücker, Ekaterina, Kuznetsova, Wolfgang, Lange, Jessica, Leonard, Wolfgang, Lohmann, Benjamin, Lutz, Rainer, Mankel, Ihar, Marfin, Markus, Marienfeld, Isabell Alissandra Melzer Pellmann, Andreas Bernhard Meyer, Joachim, Mnich, Andreas, Mussgiller, Sebastian Naumann Emme, Olga, Novgorodova, Friederike, Nowak, Jan, Olzem, Hanno, Perrey, Alexey, Petrukhin, Daniel, Pitzl, Alexei, Raspereza, Ribeiro Cipriano, Pedro M., Caroline, Riedl, Elias, Ron, Michele, Rosin, Jakob Salfeld Nebgen, Ringo, Schmidt, Thomas Schoerner Sadenius, Niladri, Sen, Alexander, Spiridonov, Matthias, Stein, Roberval, Walsh, Christoph, Wissing, Volker, Blobel, Holger, Enderle, Joachim, Erfle, Ulla, Gebbert, Martin, Görner, Martijn, Gosselink, Johannes, Haller, Thomas, Hermanns, Rebekka Sophie Höing, Kolja, Kaschube, Gordon, Kaussen, Henning, Kirschenmann, Robert, Klanner, Jörn, Lange, Thomas, Peiffer, Niklas, Pietsch, Denis, Rathjens, Christian, Sander, Hannes, Schettler, Peter, Schleper, Eike, Schlieckau, Alexander, Schmidt, Matthias, Schröder, Torben, Schum, Markus, Seidel, Jennifer, Sibille, Valentina, Sola, Hartmut, Stadie, Georg, Steinbrück, Jan, Thomsen, Lukas, Vanelderen, Christian, Barth, Colin, Baus, Joram, Berger, Christian, Böser, Thorsten, Chwalek, Wim De Boer, Alexis, Descroix, Alexander, Dierlamm, Michael, Feindt, Moritz, Guthoff, Christoph, Hackstein, Frank, Hartmann, Thomas, Hauth, Michael, Heinrich, Hauke, Held, Karl Heinz Hoffmann, Ulrich, Husemann, Igor, Katkov, Jyothsna Rani Komaragiri, Patricia Lobelle Pardo, Daniel, Martschei, Steffen, Mueller, Thomas, Müller, Martin, Niegel, Andreas, Nürnberg, Oliver, Oberst, Andreas, Oehler, Jochen, Ott, Gunter, Quast, Klaus, Rabbertz, Fedor, Ratnikov, Natalia, Ratnikova, Steffen, Röcker, Frank Peter Schilling, Gregory, Schott, Hans Jürgen Simonis, Fred Markus Helmut Stober, Daniel, Troendle, Ralf, Ulrich, Jeannine Wagner Kuhr, Stefan, Wayand, Thomas, Weiler, Manuel, Zeise, Georgios, Anagnostou, Georgios, Daskalakis, Theodoros, Geralis, Stilianos, Kesisoglou, Aristotelis, Kyriakis, Demetrios, Loukas, Athanasios, Markou, Christos, Markou, Eleni, Ntomari, Loukas, Gouskos, Theodoros, Mertzimekis, Apostolos, Panagiotou, Niki, Saoulidou, Ioannis, Evangelou, Costas, 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Verwilligen, Giuseppe, Zito, Giovanni, Abbiendi, Alberto, Benvenuti, Daniele, Bonacorsi, Sylvie Braibant Giacomelli, Luca, Brigliadori, Paolo, Capiluppi, Andrea, Castro, Francesca Romana Cavallo, Marco, Cuffiani, Gaetano Marco Dallavalle, Fabrizio, Fabbri, Alessandra, Fanfani, Daniele, Fasanella, Paolo, Giacomelli, Claudio, Grandi, Luigi, Guiducci, Stefano, Marcellini, Gianni, Masetti, Marco, Meneghelli, Alessandro, Montanari, Francesco, Navarria, Fabrizio, Odorici, Andrea, Perrotta, Federica, Primavera, Antonio, Rossi, Tiziano, Rovelli, Gian Piero Siroli, Nicolò, Tosi, Riccardo, Travaglini, Sebastiano, Albergo, Gigi, Cappello, Massimiliano, Chiorboli, Salvatore, Costa, Renato, Potenza, Alessia, Tricomi, Cristina, Tuve, Giuseppe, Barbagli, Vitaliano, Ciulli, Carlo, Civinini, Raffaello, D'Alessandro, Ettore, Focardi, Simone, Frosali, Elisabetta, Gallo, Sandro, Gonzi, Marco, Meschini, Simone, Paoletti, Giacomo, Sguazzoni, Antonio, Tropiano, Luigi, Benussi, Stefano, Bianco, Stefano, Colafranceschi, Franco, Fabbri, Davide, Piccolo, Pasquale, Fabbricatore, Riccardo, Musenich, Tosi, Silvano, Andrea, Benaglia, Federico De Guio, Leonardo Di Matteo, Sara, Fiorendi, Simone, Gennai, Alessio, Ghezzi, Marco Toliman Lucchini, Sandra, Malvezzi, Riccardo Andrea Manzoni, Arabella, Martelli, Andrea, Massironi, Dario, Menasce, Luigi, Moroni, Marco, Paganoni, Daniele, Pedrini, Stefano, Ragazzi, Nicola, Redaelli, Tommaso Tabarelli de Fatis, Salvatore, Buontempo, Nicola, Cavallo, Annapaola De Cosa, Oktay, Dogangun, Francesco, Fabozzi, Alberto Orso Maria Iorio, Luca, Lista, Sabino, Meola, Mario, Merola, Pierluigi, Paolucci, Patrizia, Azzi, Nicola, Bacchetta, Dario, Bisello, Antonio, Branca, Roberto, Carlin, Paolo, Checchia, Tommaso, Dorigo, Mario, Galanti, Fabrizio, Gasparini, Ugo, Gasparini, Andrea, Gozzelino, Konstantin, Kanishchev, Stefano, Lacaprara, Ignazio, Lazzizzera, Martino, Margoni, Anna Teresa Meneguzzo, Jacopo, Pazzini, Nicola, Pozzobon, Paolo, Ronchese, Franco, Simonetto, Ezio, Torassa, Mia, Tosi, Sara, Vanini, Pierluigi, Zotto, Alberto, Zucchetta, Gianni, Zumerle, Michele, Gabusi, Ratti, Sergio P., Cristina, Riccardi, Paola, Torre, Paolo, Vitulo, Maurizio, Biasini, Gian Mario Bilei, Livio, Fanò, Paolo, Lariccia, Giancarlo, Mantovani, Mauro, Menichelli, Aniello, Nappi, Francesco, Romeo, Anirban, Saha, Attilio, Santocchia, Aniello, Spiezia, Silvia, Taroni, Paolo, Azzurri, Giuseppe, Bagliesi, Jacopo, Bernardini, Tommaso, Boccali, Giuseppe, Broccolo, Rino, Castaldi, Raffaele Tito D'Agnolo, Roberto, Dell'Orso, Francesco, Fiori, Lorenzo, Foà, Alessandro, Giassi, Aafke, Kraan, Franco, Ligabue, Teimuraz, Lomtadze, Luca, Martini, Alberto, Messineo, Fabrizio, Palla, Andrea, Rizzi, Alin Titus Serban, Paolo, Spagnolo, Paola, Squillacioti, Roberto, Tenchini, Guido, Tonelli, Andrea, Venturi, Piero Giorgio Verdini, Luciano, Barone, Francesca, Cavallari, Daniele Del Re, Marcella, Diemoz, Cristiano, Fanelli, Marco, Grassi, Egidio, Longo, Paolo, Meridiani, Francesco, Micheli, Shervin, Nourbakhsh, Giovanni, Organtini, Riccardo, Paramatti, Shahram, Rahatlou, Livia, Soffi, Nicola, Amapane, Roberta, Arcidiacono, Stefano, Argiro, Michele, Arneodo, Cristina, Biino, Nicolo, Cartiglia, Stefano, Casasso, Marco, Costa, Natale, Demaria, Chiara, Mariotti, Silvia, Maselli, Ernesto, Migliore, Vincenzo, Monaco, Marco, Musich, Maria Margherita Obertino, Nadia, Pastrone, Mario, Pelliccioni, Alberto, Potenza, Alessandra, Romero, Marta, Ruspa, Roberto, Sacchi, Ada, Solano, Amedeo, Staiano, Stefano, Belforte, Vieri, Candelise, Massimo, Casarsa, Fabio, Cossutti, Giuseppe Della Ricca, Benigno, Gobbo, Matteo, Marone, Damiana, Montanino, Aldo, Penzo, Andrea, Schizzi, Tae Yeon Kim, Soon Kwon Nam, Sunghyun, Chang, Dong Hee Kim, Gui Nyun Kim, Dae Jung Kong, Hyangkyu, Park, Dong Chul Son, Jae Yool Kim, Zero Jaeho Kim, Sanghyeon, Song, Suyong, Choi, Dooyeon, Gyun, Byung Sik Hong, Mihee, Jo, Hyunchul, Kim, Tae Jeong Kim, Kyong Sei Lee, Dong Ho Moon, Sung Keun Park, Youn, Roh, Minkyoo, Choi, Ji Hyun Kim, Chawon, Park, Inkyu, Park, Sangnam, Park, Geonmo, Ryu, Young Il Choi, Young Kyu Choi, Junghwan, Goh, Min Suk Kim, Eunhyang, Kwon, Byounghoon, Lee, Jongseok, Lee, Sungeun, Lee, Hyunkwan, Seo, Intae, Yu, Mykolas Jurgis Bilinskas, Ignas, Grigelionis, Mindaugas, Janulis, Andrius, Juodagalvis, Heriberto Castilla Valdez, Eduard De La Cruz Burelo, Ivan Heredia de La Cruz, Ricardo Lopez Fernandez, Jorge Martínez Ortega, Alberto Sánchez Hernández, Luis Manuel Villasenor Cendejas, Salvador Carrillo Moreno, Fabiola Vazquez Valencia, Humberto Antonio Salazar Ibarguen, Edgar Casimiro Linares, Antonio Morelos Pineda, Reyes Santos, Marco A., David, Krofcheck, Alan James Bell, Butler, Philip H., Robert, Doesburg, Steve, Reucroft, Hamish, Silverwood, Muhammad, Ahmad, Muhammad Irfan Asghar, Jamila, Butt, Hoorani, Hafeez R., Shoaib, Khalid, Wajid Ali Khan, Taimoor, Khurshid, Shamona, Qazi, Mehar Ali Shah, Muhammad, Shoaib, Helena, Bialkowska, Bozena, Boimska, Tomasz, Frueboes, Maciej, Górski, Malgorzata, Kazana, Krzysztof, Nawrocki, Katarzyna Romanowska Rybinska, Michal, Szleper, Grzegorz, Wrochna, Piotr, Zalewski, Grzegorz, Brona, Karol, Bunkowski, Mikolaj, Cwiok, Wojciech, Dominik, Krzysztof, Doroba, Artur, Kalinowski, Marcin, Konecki, Jan, Krolikowski, Maciej, Misiura, Weronika, Wolszczak, Nuno, Almeida, Pedrame, Bargassa, Andre David Tinoco Mendes, Pietro, Faccioli, Pedro Guilherme Ferreira Parracho, Michele, Gallinaro, Joao, Seixas, Joao, Varela, Pietro, Vischia, Ivan, Belotelov, Pavel, Bunin, Mikhail, Gavrilenko, Igor, Golutvin, Ilya, Gorbunov, Alexey, Kamenev, Vladimir, Karjavin, Guennady, Kozlov, Alexander, Lanev, Alexander, Malakhov, Petr, Moisenz, Vladimir, Palichik, Victor, Perelygin, Sergey, Shmatov, Vitaly, Smirnov, Anton, Volodko, Anatoli, Zarubin, Sergey, Evstyukhin, Victor, Golovtsov, Yury, Ivanov, Victor, Kim, Petr, Levchenko, Victor, Murzin, Vadim, Oreshkin, Igor, Smirnov, Valentin, Sulimov, Lev, Uvarov, Sergey, Vavilov, Alexey, Vorobyev, Andrey, Vorobyev, Yuri, Andreev, Alexander, Dermenev, Sergei, Gninenko, Nikolai, Golubev, Mikhail, Kirsanov, Nikolai, Krasnikov, Viktor, Matveev, Anatoli, Pashenkov, Danila, Tlisov, Alexander, Toropin, Vladimir, Epshteyn, Maria, Erofeeva, Vladimir, Gavrilov, Mikhail, Kossov, Natalia, Lychkovskaya, Vladimir, Popov, Grigory, Safronov, Sergey, Semenov, Irina, Shreyber, Viatcheslav, Stolin, Evgueni, Vlasov, Alexander, Zhokin, Vladimir, Andreev, Maksim, Azarkin, Igor, Dremin, Martin, Kirakosyan, Andrey, Leonidov, Gennady, Mesyats, Rusakov, Sergey V., Alexey, Vinogradov, Andrey, Belyaev, Edouard, Boos, Mikhail, Dubinin, Lev, Dudko, Alexander, Ershov, Andrey, Gribushin, Vyacheslav, Klyukhin, Olga, Kodolova, Igor, Lokhtin, Anastasia, Markina, Stepan, Obraztsov, Maxim, Perfilov, Sergey, Petrushanko, Andrey, Popov, Ludmila, Sarycheva, Viktor, Savrin, Alexander, Snigirev, Igor, Azhgirey, Igor, Bayshev, Sergei, Bitioukov, Viatcheslav, Grishin, Vassili, Kachanov, Dmitri, 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Lara Lloret Iglesias, Jonatan Piedra Gomez, Javier Andres Brochero Cifuentes, Iban Jose Cabrillo, Alicia, Calderon, Shan Huei Chuang, Jordi Duarte Campderros, Marta, Felcini, Marcos, Fernandez, Gervasio, Gomez, Javier Gonzalez Sanchez, Alberto, Graziano, Clara, Jorda, Amparo Lopez Virto, Jesus, Marco, Rafael, Marco, Celso Martinez Rivero, Francisco, Matorras, Francisca Javiela Munoz Sanchez, Teresa, Rodrigo, Ana Yaiza Rodríguez Marrero, Alberto Ruiz Jimeno, Luca, Scodellaro, Ivan, Vila, Rocio Vilar Cortabitarte, Duccio, Abbaneo, Etiennette, Auffray, Georg, Auzinger, Michail, Bachtis, Paul, Baillon, Austin, Ball, David, Barney, Joshua, Bendavid, Benitez, Jose F., Colin, Bernet, Giovanni, Bianchi, Philippe, Bloch, Andrea, Bocci, Alessio, Bonato, Cristina, Botta, Horst, Breuker, Tiziano, Camporesi, Gianluca, Cerminara, Tim, Christiansen, Jose Antonio Coarasa Perez, David, D'Enterria, Anne, Dabrowski, Albert De Roeck, Simon De Visscher, Salvatore Di Guida, Marc, Dobson, Niels Dupont Sagorin, Anna Elliott Peisert, Jürg, Eugster, Benjamin, Frisch, Wolfgang, Funk, Georgios, Georgiou, Manuel, Giffels, Dominique, Gigi, Karl, Gill, Domenico, Giordano, Maria, Girone, Marina, Giunta, Frank, Glege, Robert Gomez Reino Garrido, Pietro, Govoni, Stephen, Gowdy, Roberto, Guida, Josef, Hammer, Magnus, Hansen, Philip, Harris, Christian, Hartl, John, Harvey, Benedikt, Hegner, Andreas, Hinzmann, Vincenzo, Innocente, Patrick, Janot, Ketino, Kaadze, Edward, Karavakis, Konstantinos, Kousouris, Krisztian, Krajczar, Paul, Lecoq, Yen Jie Lee, Piergiulio, Lenzi, Carlos, Lourenco, Nicolo, Magini, Tuula, Maki, Martina, Malberti, Luca, Malgeri, Marcello, Mannelli, Lorenzo, Masetti, Frans, Meijers, Stefano, Mersi, Emilio, Meschi, Roland, Moser, Martijn, Mulders, Pasquale, Musella, Erik, Nesvold, Luciano, Orsini, Enrique Palencia Cortezon, Emmanuelle, Perez, Luca, Perrozzi, Achille, Petrilli, Andreas, Pfeiffer, Maurizio, Pierini, Martti, Pimiä, Danilo, Piparo, Giovanni, Polese, Loic, Quertenmont, Attila, Racz, William, Reece, Joao Rodrigues Antunes, Gigi, Rolandi, Chiara, Rovelli, Marco, Rovere, Hannes, Sakulin, Francesco, Santanastasio, Christoph, Schäfer, Christoph, Schwick, Ilaria, Segoni, Sezen, Sekmen, Patrice, Siegrist, Pedro, Silva, Michal, Simon, Paraskevas, Sphicas, Daniele, Spiga, Andromachi, Tsirou, Gabor Istvan Veres, Jean Roch Vlimant, Hermine Katharina Wöhri, Steven, Worm, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, Willi, Bertl, Konrad, Deiters, Wolfram, Erdmann, Kurt, Gabathuler, Roland, Horisberger, Quentin, Ingram, Hans Christian Kaestli, Stefan, König, Danek, Kotlinski, Urs, Langenegger, Frank, Meier, Dieter, Renker, Tilman, Rohe, Felix, Bachmair, Lukas, Bäni, Pierluigi, Bortignon, Marco Andrea Buchmann, Bruno, Casal, Nicolas, Chanon, Amanda, Deisher, Günther, Dissertori, Michael, Dittmar, Mauro, Donegà, Marc, Dünser, Philipp, Eller, Klaus, Freudenreich, Christoph, Grab, Dmitry, Hits, Pierre, Lecomte, Werner, Lustermann, Andrea Carlo Marini, Pablo Martinez Ruiz del Arbol, Niklas, Mohr, Filip, Moortgat, Christoph, Nägeli, Pascal, Nef, Francesca Nessi Tedaldi, Francesco, Pandolfi, Luc, Pape, Felicitas, Pauss, Marco, Peruzzi, Frederic Jean Ronga, Marco, Rossini, Leonardo, Sala, Ann Karin Sanchez, Andrei, Starodumov, Benjamin, Stieger, Maiko, Takahashi, Ludwig, Tauscher, Alessandro, Thea, Konstantinos, Theofilatos, Daniel, Treille, Christina, Urscheler, Rainer, Wallny, Hannsjoerg Artur Weber, Lukas, Wehrli, Claude, Amsler, Vincenzo, Chiochia, Carlotta, Favaro, Mirena Ivova Rikova, Benjamin, Kilminster, Barbara Millan Mejias, Polina, Otiougova, Peter, Robmann, Hella, Snoek, Salvatore, Tupputi, Mauro, Verzetti, Marco, Cardaci, Yuan Hann Chang, Kuan Hsin Chen, Cristina, Ferro, Chia Ming Kuo, Syue Wei Li, Willis, Lin, Yun Ju Lu, Anil, Singh, Roberta, Volpe, Shin Shan Yu, Paolo, Bartalini, Paoti, Chang, You Hao Chang, Yu Wei Chang, Yuan, Chao, Kai Feng Chen, Charles, Dietz, Ulysses, Grundler, George Wei Shu Hou, Yee, Hsiung, Kai Yi Kao, Yeong Jyi Lei, Rong Shyang Lu, Devdatta, Majumder, Eleni, Petrakou, Xin, Shi, Jing Ge Shiu, Yeng Ming Tzeng, Xia, Wan, Minzu, Wang, Burin, Asavapibhop, Emanuele, Simili, Norraphat, Srimanobhas, Narumon, Suwonjandee, Aytul, Adiguzel, Mustafa Numan Bakirci, Salim, Cerci, Candan, Dozen, Isa, Dumanoglu, Eda, Eskut, Semiray, Girgis, Gul, Gokbulut, Emine, Gurpinar, Ilknur, Hos, Evrim Ersin Kangal, Turker, Karaman, Guler, Karapinar, Aysel Kayis Topaksu, Gulsen, Onengut, Kadri, Ozdemir, Sertac, Ozturk, Ayse, Polatoz, Kenan, Sogut, Deniz Sunar Cerci, Bayram, Tali, Huseyin, Topakli, Mehmet, Vergili, Ilina Vasileva Akin, Takhmasib, Aliev, Bugra, Bilin, Selcuk, Bilmis, Muhammed, Deniz, Halil, Gamsizkan, Ali Murat Guler, Kadir, Ocalan, Altug, Ozpineci, Meltem, Serin, Ramazan, Sever, Ugur Emrah Surat, Metin, Yalvac, Mehmet, Zeyrek, Erhan, Gülmez, Bora, Isildak, Mithat, Kaya, Ozlem, Kaya, Suat, Ozkorucuklu, Nasuf, Sonmez, Hüseyin, Bahtiyar, Esra, Barlas, Kerem, Cankocak, Yusuf Oguzhan Günaydin, Fuat Ilkehan Vardarli, Mete, Yücel, Leonid, Levchuk, James John Brooke, Emyr, Clement, David, Cussans, Henning, Flacher, Robert, Frazier, Joel, Goldstein, Mark, Grimes, Heath, Greg P., Heath, Helen F., Lukasz, Kreczko, Simon, Metson, Newbold, Dave M., Kachanon, Nirunpong, Anthony, Poll, Sergey, Senkin, Smith, Vincent J., Thomas, Williams, Lorenzo, Basso, Bell, Ken W., Alexander, Belyaev, Christopher, Brew, Brown, Robert M., David JA Cockerill, Coughlan, John A., Kristian, Harder, Sam, Harper, James, Jackson, Kennedy, Bruce W., Emmanuel, Olaiya, David, Petyt, Benjamin Charles Radburn Smith, Claire Shepherd Themistocleous, Tomalin, Ian R., William John Womersley, Robert, Bainbridge, Gordon, Ball, Raymond, Beuselinck, Oliver, Buchmuller, David, Colling, Nicholas, Cripps, Michael, Cutajar, Paul, Dauncey, Gavin, Davies, Michel Della Negra, William, Ferguson, Jonathan, Fulcher, David, Futyan, Andrew, Gilbert, Arlo Guneratne Bryer, Geoffrey, Hall, Zoe, Hatherell, Jonathan, Hays, Gregory, Iles, Martyn, Jarvis, Georgia, Karapostoli, Matthew, Kenzie, Louis, Lyons, Anne Marie Magnan, Jad, Marrouche, Bryn, Mathias, Robin, Nandi, Jordan, Nash, Alexander, Nikitenko, Joao, Pela, Mark, Pesaresi, Konstantinos, Petridis, Michele, Pioppi, David Mark Raymond, Samuel, Rogerson, Andrew, Rose, Christopher, Seez, Peter, Sharp, Alex, Sparrow, Markus, Stoye, Alexander, Tapper, Monica Vazquez Acosta, Tejinder, Virdee, Stuart, Wakefield, Nicholas, Wardle, Tom, Whyntie, Matthew, Chadwick, Joanne, Cole, Hobson, Peter R., Akram, Khan, Paul, Kyberd, Duncan, Leggat, Dawn, Leslie, William, Martin, Ivan, Reid, Philip, Symonds, Liliana, Teodorescu, Mark, Turner, Kenichi, Hatakeyama, Hongxuan, Liu, Tara, Scarborough, Otman, Charaf, Seth, Cooper, Conor, Henderson, Paolo, Rumerio, Aram, Avetisyan, Tulika, Bose, Cory, Fantasia, Arno, Heister, Philip, Lawson, Dragoslav, Lazic, James, Rohlf, David, Sperka, Jason St John, Lawrence, Sulak, Juliette, Alimena, Saptaparna, Bhattacharya, Grant, Christopher, David, Cutts, Zeynep, Demiragli, Alexey, Ferapontov, Alex, Garabedian, Ulrich, Heintz, Shabnam, Jabeen, Gennadiy, Kukartsev, Edward, Laird, Greg, Landsberg, Michael, Luk, Meenakshi, Narain, Michael, Segala, Tutanon, Sinthuprasith, Thomas, Speer, Richard, Breedon, Guillermo, Breto, Manuel Calderon De La Barca Sanchez, Matthew, Caulfield, Sushil, Chauhan, Maxwell, Chertok, John, Conway, Rylan, Conway, Peter Timothy Cox, James, Dolen, Robin, Erbacher, Michael, Gardner, Rachel, Houtz, Winston, Ko, Alexandra, Kopecky, Richard, Lander, Orpheus, Mall, Tia, Miceli, Randy, Nelson, Dave, Pellett, Francesca Ricci Tam, Britney, Rutherford, Matthew, Searle, John, Smith, Michael, Squires, Mani, Tripathi, Ricardo Vasquez Sierra, Rachel, Yohay, Valeri, Andreev, David, Cline, Robert, Cousins, Joseph, Duris, Samim, Erhan, Pieter, Everaerts, Chris, Farrell, Jay, Hauser, Mikhail, Ignatenko, Chad, Jarvis, Gregory, Rakness, Peter, Schlein, Piotr, Traczyk, Vyacheslav, Valuev, Matthias, Weber, John, Babb, Robert, Clare, Mauro Emanuele Dinardo, John Anthony Ellison, William Gary, J., Ferdinando, Giordano, Gail, Hanson, Hongliang, Liu, Owen Rosser Long, Arun, Luthra, Harold, Nguyen, Sudarshan, Paramesvaran, Jared, Sturdy, Suharyo, Sumowidagdo, Rachel, Wilken, Stephen, Wimpenny, Warren, Andrews, Branson, James G., Giuseppe Benedetto Cerati, Sergio, Cittolin, David, Evans, André, Holzner, Ryan, Kelley, Matthew, Lebourgeois, James, Letts, Ian, Macneill, Boris, Mangano, Sanjay, Padhi, Christopher, Palmer, Giovanni, Petrucciani, Marco, Pieri, Matteo, Sani, Vivek, Sharma, Sean, Simon, Elizabeth, Sudano, Matevz, Tadel, Yanjun, Tu, Adish, Vartak, Steven, Wasserbaech, Frank, Würthwein, Avraham, Yagil, Jaehyeok, Yoo, Derek, Barge, Riccardo, Bellan, Claudio, Campagnari, Mariarosaria, D'Alfonso, Thomas, Danielson, Kristen, Flowers, Paul, Geffert, Christopher, George, Frank, Golf, Joe, Incandela, Christopher, Justus, Puneeth, Kalavase, Dmytro, Kovalskyi, Vyacheslav, Krutelyov, Steven, Lowette, Ricardo Magaña Villalba, Nickolas, Mccoll, Viktor, Pavlunin, Jacob, Ribnik, Jeffrey, Richman, Roberto, Rossin, David, Stuart, Wing, To, Christopher, West, Artur, Apresyan, Adolf, Bornheim, Chen, Yi, Emanuele Di Marco, Javier, Duarte, Marat, Gataullin, Yousi, Ma, Alexander, Mott, Newman, Harvey B., Christopher, Rogan, Maria, Spiropulu, Vladlen, Timciuc, Jan, Veverka, Richard, Wilkinson, Xie, Si, Yong, Yang, Ren Yuan Zhu, Virginia, Azzolini, Aristotle, Calamba, Ryan, Carroll, Thomas, Ferguson, Yutaro, Iiyama, Dong Wook Jang, Yueh Feng Liu, Manfred, Paulini, Helmut, Vogel, Igor, Vorobiev, John Perry Cumalat, Brian Robert Drell, Ford, William T., Alessandro, Gaz, Eduardo Luiggi Lopez, James, Smith, Kevin, Stenson, Keith, Ulmer, Stephen Robert Wagner, James, Alexander, Avishek, Chatterjee, Nicholas, Eggert, Lawrence Kent Gibbons, Brian, Heltsley, Walter, Hopkins, Aleko, Khukhunaishvili, Benjamin, Kreis, Nathan, Mirman, Gala Nicolas Kaufman, Juliet Ritchie Patterson, Anders, Ryd, Emmanuele, Salvati, Werner, Sun, Wee Don Teo, Julia, Thom, Joshua, Thompson, Jordan, Tucker, Yao, Weng, Lucas, Winstrom, Peter, Wittich, Dave, Winn, Salavat, Abdullin, Michael, Albrow, Jacob, Anderson, Giorgio, Apollinari, Lothar AT Bauerdick, Andrew, Beretvas, Jeffrey, Berryhill, Bhat, Pushpalatha C., Kevin, Burkett, Joel Nathan Butler, Vasundhara, Chetluru, Harry, Cheung, Frank, Chlebana, Victor Daniel Elvira, Ian, Fisk, Jim, Freeman, Yanyan, Gao, Dan, Green, Oliver, Gutsche, Jim, Hanlon, Harris, Robert M., James, Hirschauer, Benjamin, Hooberman, Sergo, Jindariani, Marvin, Johnson, Umesh, Joshi, Boaz, Klima, Shuichi, Kunori, Simon, Kwan, Christos, Leonidopoulos, Jacob, Linacre, Don, Lincoln, Ron, Lipton, Joseph, Lykken, Kaori, Maeshima, John Michael Marraffino, Verena Ingrid Martinez Outschoorn, Sho, Maruyama, David, Mason, Patricia, Mcbride, Kalanand, Mishra, Stephen, Mrenna, Yuri, Musienko, Catherine Newman Holmes, Vivian, O'Dell, Elizabeth Sexton Kennedy, Seema, Sharma, Spalding, William J., Leonard, Spiegel, Lucas, Taylor, Slawek, Tkaczyk, Nhan Viet Tran, Lorenzo, Uplegger, Eric Wayne Vaandering, Richard, Vidal, Juliana, Whitmore, Weimin, Wu, Fan, Yang, Jae Chul Yun, Darin, Acosta, Paul, Avery, Dimitri, Bourilkov, Mingshui, Chen, Tongguang, Cheng, Souvik, Das, Michele De Gruttola, Gian Piero Di Giovanni, Didar, Dobur, Alexey, Drozdetskiy, Field, Richard D., Matthew, Fisher, Yu, Fu, Ivan Kresimir Furic, Joseph, Gartner, Justin, Hugon, Bockjoo, Kim, Jacobo, Konigsberg, Andrey, Korytov, Anna, Kropivnitskaya, Theodore, Kypreos, Jia Fu Low, Konstantin, Matchev, Predrag, Milenovic, Guenakh, Mitselmakher, Lana, Muniz, Ronald, Remington, Aurelijus, Rinkevicius, Nikoloz, Skhirtladze, Matthew, Snowball, John, Yelton, Mohammed, Zakaria, Vanessa, Gaultney, Samantha, Hewamanage, Luis Miguel Lebolo, Stephan, Linn, Pete, Markowitz, German, Martinez, Jorge Luis Rodriguez, Todd, Adams, Andrew, Askew, Joseph, Bochenek, Jie, Chen, Brendan, Diamond, Gleyzer, Sergei V., Jeff, Haas, Sharon, Hagopian, Vasken, Hagopian, Merrill, Jenkins, Johnson, Kurtis F., Harrison, Prosper, Venkatesh, Veeraraghavan, Marc, Weinberg, Baarmand, Marc M., Brian, Dorney, Marcus, Hohlmann, Himali, Kalakhety, Igor, Vodopiyanov, Francisco, Yumiceva, Mark Raymond Adams, Leonard, Apanasevich, Yuting, Bai, Victor Eduardo Bazterra, Russell Richard Betts, Inga, Bucinskaite, Jeremy, Callner, Richard, Cavanaugh, Olga, Evdokimov, Lucie, Gauthier, Cecilia Elena Gerber, David Jonathan Hofman, Samvel, Khalatyan, Florent, Lacroix, Christine, O'Brien, Christopher, Silkworth, Derek, Strom, Paul, Turner, Nikos, Varelas, Ugur, Akgun, Elif Asli Albayrak, Burak, Bilki, Warren, Clarida, Kamuran, Dilsiz, Firdevs, Duru, Scott, Griffiths, Jean Pierre Merlo, Hamit, Mermerkaya, Alexi, Mestvirishvili, Anthony, Moeller, Jane, Nachtman, Charles Ray Newsom, Edwin, Norbeck, Hasan, Ogul, Yasar, Onel, Ferhat, Ozok, Sercan, Sen, Ping, Tan, Emrah, Tiras, James, Wetzel, Taylan, Yetkin, Kai, Yi, Bruce Arnold Barnett, Barry, Blumenfeld, Sara, Bolognesi, David, Fehling, Gavril, Giurgiu, Andrei, Gritsan, Zijin, Guo, Guofan, Hu, Petar, Maksimovic, Morris, Swartz, Andrew, Whitbeck, Philip, Baringer, Alice, Bean, Gabriele, Benelli, Raymond Patrick Kenny III, Michael, Murray, Daniel, Noonan, Stephen, Sanders, Robert, Stringer, Gemma, Tinti, Jeffrey Scott Wood, Anne Fleur Barfuss, Tim, Bolton, Irakli, Chakaberia, Andrew, Ivanov, Sadia, Khalil, Mikhail, Makouski, Yurii, Maravin, Shruti, Shrestha, Irakli, Svintradze, Jeffrey, Gronberg, David, Lange, Finn, Rebassoo, Douglas, Wright, Drew, Baden, Brian, Calvert, Sarah Catherine Eno, Jaime, Gomez, Nicholas John Hadley, Kellogg, Richard G., Malina, Kirn, Ted, Kolberg, Ying, Lu, Matthieu, Marionneau, Alice, Mignerey, Kevin, Pedro, Alison, Peterman, Andris, Skuja, Jeffrey, Temple, Marguerite, Tonjes, Tonwar, Suresh C., Aram, Apyan, Gerry, Bauer, Wit, Busza, Erik, Butz, Ivan Amos Cali, Matthew, Chan, Valentina, Dutta, Guillelmo Gomez Ceballos, Maxim, Goncharov, Yongsun, Kim, Markus, Klute, Andrew, Levin, Paul David Luckey, Teng, Ma, Steve, Nahn, Christoph, Paus, Duncan, Ralph, Christof, Roland, Gunther, Roland, George, Stephans, Fabian, Stöckli, Konstanty, Sumorok, Kevin, Sung, Dragos, Velicanu, Edward Allen Wenger, Roger, Wolf, Bolek, Wyslouch, Mingming, Yang, Yetkin, Yilmaz, Sungho, Yoon, Marco, Zanetti, Victoria, Zhukova, Bryan, Dahmes, Abraham De Benedetti, Giovanni, Franzoni, Alexander, Gude, Shih Chuan Kao, Kevin, Klapoetke, Yuichi, Kubota, Jeremy, Mans, Nathaniel, Pastika, Roger, Rusack, Michael, Sasseville, Alexander, Singovsky, Norbert, Tambe, Jared, Turkewitz, Lucien Marcus Cremaldi, Rob, Kroeger, Lalith, Perera, Rahmat, Rahmat, Sanders, David A., Ekaterina, Avdeeva, Kenneth, Bloom, Suvadeep, Bose, Claes, Daniel R., Aaron, Dominguez, Michael, Eads, Jason, Keller, Ilya, Kravchenko, Jose Lazo Flores, Sudhir, Malik, Snow, Gregory R., Andrew, Godshalk, Iashvili, Ia, Supriya, Jain, Avto, Kharchilava, Ashish, Kumar, Salvatore, Rappoccio, Zongru, Wan, George, Alverson, Emanuela, Barberis, Darin, Baumgartel, Matthew, Chasco, Joseph, Haley, David, Nash, Toyoko, Orimoto, Daniele, Trocino, Darien, Wood, Jinzhong, Zhang, Anton, Anastassov, Kristan Allan Hahn, Andrew, Kubik, Letizia, Lusito, Nicholas, Mucia, Nathaniel, Odell, Radoslaw Adrian Ofierzynski, Brian, Pollack, Andrey, Pozdnyakov, Michael, Schmitt, Stoyan, Stoynev, Mayda, Velasco, Steven, Won, Douglas, Berry, Andrew, Brinkerhoff, Kwok Ming Chan, Michael, Hildreth, Colin, Jessop, Daniel John Karmgard, Jeff, Kolb, Kevin, Lannon, Wuming, Luo, Sean, Lynch, Nancy, Marinelli, David Michael Morse, Tessa, Pearson, Michael, Planer, Randy, Ruchti, Jason, Slaunwhite, Nil, Valls, Mitchell, Wayne, Matthias, Wolf, Louis, Antonelli, Ben, Bylsma, Lloyd Stanley Durkin, Christopher, Hill, Richard, Hughes, Khristian, Kotov, Ta Yung Ling, Darren, Puigh, Marissa, Rodenburg, Geoffrey, Smith, Carl, Vuosalo, Grayson, Williams, Winer, Brian L., Edmund, Berry, Peter, Elmer, Valerie, Halyo, Philip, Hebda, Jeroen, Hegeman, Adam, Hunt, Pratima, Jindal, Sue Ann Koay, David Lopes Pegna, Paul, Lujan, Daniel, Marlow, Tatiana, Medvedeva, Michael, Mooney, James, Olsen, Pierre, Piroué, Xiaohang, Quan, Amita, Raval, Halil, Saka, David, Stickland, Christopher, Tully, Jeremy Scott Werner, Seth Conrad Zenz, Andrzej, Zuranski, Eric, Brownson, Angel, Lopez, Hector, Mendez, Juan Eduardo Ramirez Vargas, Enver, Alagoz, Barnes, Virgil E., Daniele, Benedetti, Gino, Bolla, Daniela, Bortoletto, Marco De Mattia, Adam, Everett, Zhen, Hu, Matthew, Jones, Ozhan, Koybasi, Matthew, Kress, Laasanen, Alvin T., Nuno, Leonardo, Vassili, Maroussov, Petra, Merkel, David Harry Miller, Norbert, Neumeister, Ian, Shipsey, David, Silvers, Alexey, Svyatkovskiy, Miguel Vidal Marono, Hwi Dong Yoo, Jakub, Zablocki, Zheng, Yu, Samir, Guragain, Neeti, Parashar, Antony, Adair, Bora, Akgun, Chaouki, Boulahouache, Karl Matthew Ecklund, Frank JM Geurts, Wei, Li, Brian Paul Padley, Radia, Redjimi, Jay, Roberts, James, Zabel, Burton, Betchart, Arie, Bodek, Yeon Sei Chung, Roberto, Covarelli, Pawel de Barbaro, Regina, Demina, Yossof, Eshaq, Thomas, Ferbel, Aran Garcia Bellido, Pablo, Goldenzweig, Jiyeon, Han, Amnon, Harel, Daniel Carl Miner, Dmitry, Vishnevskiy, Marek, Zielinski, Anwar, Bhatti, Robert, Ciesielski, Luc, Demortier, Konstantin, Goulianos, Gheorghe, Lungu, Sarah, Malik, Christina, Mesropian, Sanjay, Arora, Anthony, Barker, John Paul Chou, Christian Contreras Campana, Emmanuel Contreras Campana, Daniel, Duggan, Dinko, Ferencek, Yuri, Gershtein, Richard, Gray, Eva, Halkiadakis, Dean, Hidas, Amitabh, Lath, Shruti, Panwalkar, Michael, Park, Rishi, Patel, Vladimir, Rekovic, Jorge, Robles, Keith, Rose, Sevil, Salur, Steve, Schnetzer, Claudia, Seitz, Sunil, Somalwar, Robert, Stone, Scott, Thomas, Matthew, Walker, Giordano, Cerizza, Matthew, Hollingsworth, Stefan, Spanier, Zong Chang Yang, Andrew, York, Ricardo, Eusebi, Will, Flanagan, Jason, Gilmore, Teruki, Kamon, Vadim, Khotilovich, Roy, Montalvo, Ilya, Osipenkov, Yuriy, Pakhotin, Alexx, Perloff, Jeffrey, Roe, Alexei, Safonov, Tai, Sakuma, Sinjini, Sengupta, Indara, Suarez, Aysen, Tatarinov, David, Toback, Nural, Akchurin, Jordan, Damgov, Cosmin, Dragoiu, Phillip Russell Dudero, Chiyoung, Jeong, Kittikul, Kovitanggoon, Sung Won Lee, Terence, Libeiro, Igor, Volobouev, Eric, Appelt, Delannoy, Andrés G., Carlos, Florez, Senta, Greene, Alfredo, Gurrola, Willard, Johns, Pelin, Kurt, Charles, Maguire, Andrew, Melo, Monika, Sharma, Paul, Sheldon, Benjamin, Snook, Shengquan, Tuo, Julia, Velkovska, Michael Wayne Arenton, Michael, Balazs, Sarah, Boutle, Bradley, Cox, Brian, Francis, Joseph, Goodell, Robert, Hirosky, Alexander, Ledovskoy, Chuanzhe, Lin, Christopher, Neu, John, Wood, Sowjanya, Gollapinni, Robert, Harr, Paul Edmund Karchin, Chamath Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, Pramod, Lamichhane, Alexandre, Sakharov, Michael, Anderson, Donald, Belknap, Laura, Borrello, Duncan, Carlsmith, Maria, Cepeda, Sridhara, Dasu, Evan, Friis, Lindsey, Gray, Kira Suzanne Grogg, Monika, Grothe, Richard Hall Wilton, Matthew, Herndon, Alain, Hervé, Pamela, Klabbers, Jeffrey, Klukas, Armando, Lanaro, Christos, Lazaridis, Richard, Loveless, Ajit, Mohapatra, Matthias Ulrich Mozer, Isabel, Ojalvo, Francesco, Palmonari, Giuseppe Antonio Pierro, Ian, Ross, Alexander, Savin, Smith, Wesley H., and Joshua, Swanson

Published
2013

18. Photoperiodic Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow in White-Footed Mice (Peromyscus leucopus)

Author

Seth Teplitsky, Surya Gnyawali, Jeremy Borniger, Cameron Rink, and Randy Nelson

Subjects
Male, peromyscus, medicine.medical_specialty, Peromyscus, hippocampus, Photoperiod, Hippocampus, Biology, Hippocampal formation, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Random Allocation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Solanum lycopersicum, Biological Clocks, Lectins, Internal medicine, Testis, medicine, Animals, brain blood flow, RNA, Messenger, Fluorescein isothiocyanate, General Neuroscience, Neurogenesis, Brain, Seminal Vesicles, General Medicine, New Research, biology.organism_classification, Immunohistochemistry, Integrative Systems, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cerebral blood flow, chemistry, Cerebral cortex, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2, Seasons, Rheology, Thermogenesis
Abstract

Individuals living outside the tropics need to adjust their behavioral and physiological repertoires throughout the year to adapt to the changing seasons. White-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) reduce hippocampal volumes, hippocampal-dependent memory function, long-term potentiation, and alter neurogenesis in response to short (winter-like) day lengths (photoperiods). During winter, these mice putatively shunt energy away from the brain to maximize peripheral thermogenesis, immune function, and survival. We hypothesized that these changes in brain function are accompanied by alterations in brain vasculature. We maintained white-footed mice in short (8 h light/16 h dark) or long (16 h light/8 h dark) photoperiods for 8–9 weeks. Mice were then perfused with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) lectin to visualize the perfused cerebrovasculature. Short-day mice reduced hippocampal and cortical capillary density (FITC+area); vessels isolated from short day-exposed mice expressed higher mRNA levels of the gelatinase matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). Additionally, short-day mice reduced cerebral blood flow ∼15% compared with their long-day counterparts, as assessed by laser speckle flowmetry. Immunohistochemistry revealed higher levels of MMP2 in the hippocampus of mice maintained in short days compared with long days, potentially contributing to the observed vascular remodeling. These data demonstrate that a discrete environmental signal (i.e., day length) can substantially alter cerebral blood flow in adult mammals.

Published
2016

19. Defining the importance of phosphatidylserine synthase-1 (PSS1): unexpected viability of PSS1-deficient mice

Author

Devi, Arikketh, Randy, Nelson, and Jean E, Vance

Subjects
Mice, Knockout, Neurons, Genotype, Carboxy-Lyases, Nitrogenous Group Transferases, Choline, Enzyme Activation, Tissue Culture Techniques, Mice, Hepatocytes, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Alleles, Phospholipids
Abstract

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a quantitatively minor, but physiologically important, phospholipid in mammalian cells. PS is synthesized by two distinct base-exchange enzymes, PS synthase-1 (PSS1) and PS synthase-2 (PSS2), that are encoded by different genes. PSS1 exchanges serine for choline of phosphatidylcholine, whereas PSS2 exchanges ethanolamine of phosphatidylethanolamine for serine. We previously generated mice lacking PSS2 (Bergo, M. O., Gavino, B. J., Steenbergen, R., Sturbois, B., Parlow, A. F., Sanan, D. A., Skarnes, W. C., Vance, J. E., and Young, S. G. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 47701-47708) and found that PSS2 is not required for mouse viability. We have now generated PSS1-deficient mice. In light of the markedly impaired survival of Chinese hamster ovary cells lacking PSS1 we were surprised that PSS1-deficient mice were viable, fertile, and had a normal life span. Total serine-exchange activity (contributed by PSS1 and PSS2) in tissues of Pss1(-/-) mice was reduced by up to 85%, but except in liver, the PS content was unaltered. Despite the presumed importance of PS in the nervous system, the rate of axonal extension of PSS1-deficient neurons was normal. Intercrosses of Pss1(-/-) mice and Pss2(-/-) mice yielded mice with three disrupted Pss alleles but no double knockout mice. In Pss1(-/-)/Pss2(-/-) and Pss1(-/-)/Pss2(-/-) mice, serine-exchange activity was reduced by 65-91%, and the tissue content of PS and phosphatidylethanolamine was also decreased. We conclude that (i) elimination of either PSS1 or PSS2, but not both, is compatible with mouse viability, (ii) mice can tolerate as little as 10% of normal total serine-exchange activity, and (iii) mice survive with significantly reduced PS and phosphatidylethanolamine content.

Published
2008

23. Using spore traps for Cercospora beticola in sugarbeet

Author

Mohamed F. R. Khan, Randy Nelson, and Jahangir Khan

Subjects
Fungicide, Horticulture, biology, Agronomy, Disease severity, Cercospora, Leaf spot, Disease monitoring, Cercospora beticola, biology.organism_classification, Spore, Conidium
Abstract

temperature of 25 to 35 o C and prolonged periods of high relative humidity or free moisture on leaves (Windels et al., 1998). Due to limited levels of resistance in commercial sugarbeet varieties grown in North Dakota and Minnesota, numerous fungicide applications are necessary to obtain acceptable levels of protection against Cercospora leaf spot. In order to assist growers in making economic fungicide applications, Shane and Teng (1984) developed the Cercospora prediction model. The model is comprised of percent disease severity based on field monitoring, and Cercospora advisory (a daily infection value based on weather conditions) (Shane and Teng, 1984, Windels et al., 1998). Since disease monitoring is a laborious process and requires a trained person, most growers rely on the Cercospora advisory component of the model to determine timing of fungicide application once symptoms are observed in the field. Since Cercospora leaf spot is a polycyclic disease, timely application of the first fungicide application is crucial in reducing the rate of infection, and contributes to effective season long disease control. Spore traps can be used to determine the timing of spore dispersal, and the number of spores dispersed. The information could be most useful for advising growers to apply the first fungicide application when Cercospora conidia are first dispersed, rather than the current practice of applying the first application when symptoms are present. The use of protectant fungicides preventatively would provide better disease control and result in less selection pressure for the development of resistant C. beticola isolates. MATERIALS AND METHOD

Published
2005

25. Reliability for tactical cryocoolers

Author

Robert D. Nelson, Randy Nelson, and Henry L. Hoefelmeyer

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Cryocooler, business, Life support system, Reliability (statistics), Reliability engineering
Abstract

For the past 18 years Carleton Life Support Systems has produced over 15,000 tactical cryogenic coolers that are primarily used in military infrared systems with excellent demonstrated reliability. As system reliability has improved, the cooler performance has emerged as a dominant component for reliability predictions. This has driven cooler reliability requirements to increase from a 1500-hour rotary cooler in chiefly ground applications to current requirements of 20,000 hours for linear coolers in advanced airborne applications. At the same time there is a push for improved cooldown time, lower power, lighter weight and smaller package. This paper reviews our progress on extending cooler life. It reviews recent product returns and contends that the majority of issues are not primarily related to reliability. It also reviews how system performance specifications are restrictive to the cooler designer in achieving higher reliability in tactical coolers.

Published
2004

26. Nitric oxide-dependent penile erection in mice lacking neuronal nitric oxide synthase

Author

Burnett, A. L., Randy Nelson, Calvin, D. C., Liu, J. -X, Demas, G. E., Klein, S. L., Kriegsfeld, L. J., Dawson, V. L., Dawson, T. M., and Snyder, S. H.

Subjects
Male, Litter Size, Mice, Transgenic, In Vitro Techniques, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Mice, Reference Values, Isometric Contraction, Copulation, Animals, Ejaculation, Neurons, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, Penile Erection, Muscle, Smooth, Stereoisomerism, Electric Stimulation, Rats, Isoenzymes, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Fertility, NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester, Enzyme Induction, Female, Nitric Oxide Synthase, circulatory and respiratory physiology, Research Article, Penis
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated as a mediator of penile erection, because the neuronal isoform of NO synthase (NOS) is localized to the penile innervation and NOS inhibitors selectively block erections. NO can also be formed by two other NOS isoforms derived from distinct genes, inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS). To clarify the source of NO in penile function, we have examined mice with targeted deletion of the nNOS gene (nNOS- mice). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mating behavior, electrophysiologically induced penile erection, isolated erectile tissue isometric tension, and eNOS localization by immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed on nNOS- mice and wild-type controls. RESULTS: Both intact animal penile erections and isolated erectile tissue function are maintained in nNOS mice, in agreement with demonstrated normal sexual behaviors, but is stereospecifically blocked by the NOS inhibitor, L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME). eNOS is abundantly present in endothelium of penile vasculature and sinusoidal endothelium within the corpora cavemosa, with levels that are significantly higher in nNOS- mice than in wild-type controls. CONCLUSIONS: eNOS mediates NO-dependent penile erection in nNOS- animals and normal penile erection. These data clarify the role of nitric oxide in penile erection and may have implications for therapeutic agents with selective effects on NOS isoforms.

Published
1996

27. The influence of season, photoperiod, and pineal melatonin on immune function

Author

Randy Nelson, Demas, G. E., Klein, S. L., and Kriegsfeld, L. J.

Subjects
Male, Lymphoid Tissue, Photoperiod, Reproduction, Androgens, Animals, Humans, Estrogens, Female, Seasons, Pineal Gland, Animal Diseases, Melatonin
Abstract

In addition to the well-documented seasonal cycles of mating and birth, there are also significant seasonal cycles of illness and death among many animal populations. Challenging winter conditions (i.e., low ambient temperature and decreased food availability) can directly induce death via hypothermia, starvation, or shock. Coping with these challenges can also indirectly increase morbidity and mortality by increasing glucocorticoid secretion, which can compromise immune function. Many environmental challenges are recurrent and thus predictable; animals could enhance survival, and presumably increase fitness, if they could anticipate immunologically challenging conditions in order to cope with these seasonal threats to health. The annual cycle of changing photoperiod provides an accurate indicator of time of year and thus allows immunological adjustments prior to the deterioration of conditions. Pineal melatonin codes day length information. Short day lengths enhance several aspects of immune function in laboratory studies, and melatonin appears to mediate many of the enhanced immunological effects of photoperiod. Generally, field studies report compromised immune function during the short days of autumn and winter. The conflict between laboratory and field data is addressed with a multifactor approach. The evidence for seasonal fluctuations in lymphatic tissue size and structure, as well as immune function and disease processes, is reviewed. The role of pineal melatonin and the hormones regulated by melatonin is discussed from an evolutionary and adaptive functional perspective. Finally, the clinically significance of seasonal fluctuations in immune function is presented. Taken together, it appears that seasonal fluctuations in immune parameters, mediated by melatonin, could have profound effects on the etiology and progression of diseases in humans and nonhuman animals. An adaptive functional perspective is critical to gain insights into the interaction among melatonin, immune function, and disease processes.

Published
1995

28. Erratum

Author

Randy Nelson

Subjects
Physiology, Physiology (medical)
Published
2012

29. Photoperiod influences the critical caloric intake necessary to maintain reproduction among male deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)

Author

Randy Nelson, Kita, M., Blom, J. M. C., and Rhyne-Grey, J.

Subjects
Male, caloric intake, Periodicity, Peromyscus, Light, Reproduction, photoperiod, Animals, Seasons, Energy Intake, Food Deprivation, Spermatogenesis
Abstract

The concept of critical day length is well established among rodents; reproductive function is maintained when day lengths are greater than some specific threshold. In addition to day length cues, seasonal breeding in deer mice can also be regulated by food availability. The caloric threshold necessary to support reproduction remains unspecified for seasonally breeding rodents. The present study examined the interaction between photoperiod and food availability on reproductive function in adult male deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). A critical caloric intake profile was constructed in long (16L:8D) and short (8L:16D) photoperiods; groups of deer mice in both photoperiods either received food ad libitum or 90, 80, or 70% of their individual ad libitum food intake for 10 wk. At autopsy, paired testes, epididymides, and seminal vesicles were removed and weighed. Body mass, total body fat, and total body water contents were also obtained. Short, as compared to long, day lengths inhibited the reproductive systems of male deer mice. However, food consumption interacted with photoperiod to affect reproductive function. Significant reductions in reproductive organ size as well as spermatogenic activity were observed among short-day mice after a 10% reduction in ad libitum food intake. Long-day animals required a 20% reduction in caloric intake to depress reproductive function. Body mass and total body water content were generally unaffected by either photoperiod or food consumption. Total body fat content was reduced in short- as compared to long-day mice. Individual reproductive responsiveness to short days increased as food availability decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Published
1992

30. A Safer ATV

Author

Robert R. Wright, Randy Nelson, Frank H. Johnson, and Thomas G. Carpenter

Subjects
Computer science, SAFER, medicine, Medical emergency, medicine.disease
Published
1991

32. Sequence of a bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoprotein gene that is homologous to the herpes simplex gene for the glycoprotein gB

Author

Michael Smith, Vikram Misra, and Randy Nelson

Subjects
Genes, Viral, viruses, Cross Reactions, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Homology (biology), Virus, Viral Envelope Proteins, Virology, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine, chemistry.chemical_classification, Base Sequence, biology, Nucleic acid sequence, virus diseases, Molecular biology, Herpesvirus glycoprotein B, Transmembrane domain, chemistry, Ectodomain, Polyclonal antibodies, biology.protein, Glycoprotein, Viral Fusion Proteins
Abstract

The 130-kDa bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein GVP 6 was found to cross-react immunologically with the herpes simplex glycoprotein gB. Antibodies in polyclonal serum against gB immunoprecipitated GVP 6 and its cleavage products from a lysate of BHV-1-infected cells. Conversely, polyclonal serum against GVP 6 precipitated gB from HSV1-infected cell lysates. Sera against the other glycoproteins did not demonstrate cross-reactivity. A 3.6-kbKpnl-Hpal fragment of BHV-1 DNA that hybridized to the gene for gB was cloned and the nucleotide sequence of both strands was determined. The longest codon reading frame in the fragment coded for a protein that showed extensive homology with gB1 and related sequences from pseudorabies virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus. The strongest homologies were observed in two segments of the ectodomain, the transmembrane domain, and sequences adjacent to the transmembrane domain.

Published
1988

33. Temperature-sensitive Mutants of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1: Mutants Which Make Unaltered Levels of 'Early' Glycoproteins but Fail to Synthesize a 'Late' Glycoprotein

Author

Hugh Chisholm, Vikram Misra, Randy Nelson, and Anne-Marie Adachi

Subjects
DNA Replication, Mutant, Biology, Viral Proteins, chemistry.chemical_compound, Virology, Protein biosynthesis, Animals, Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Glycoproteins, Herpesvirus 1, Bovine, chemistry.chemical_classification, DNA replication, Antibodies, Monoclonal, biology.organism_classification, Precipitin Tests, Molecular biology, Bovine herpesvirus 1, Complementation, Gene Expression Regulation, chemistry, DNA, Viral, Mutation, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Glycoprotein, DNA
Abstract

The major glycoproteins of bovine herpesvirus type 1 showed distinct temporal patterns of expression. The glycoproteins GVP 11 and GVP 6 as well as its cleavage products, GVP 11a and GVP 16, were expressed early in the infectious process, whereas GVP 9 was expressed late. Temperature-sensitive mutants were developed and characterized. Mutants belonging to two complementation groups were unable to synthesize DNA at 40 degrees C, the non-permissive temperature. In cells infected with these mutants the late glycoprotein GVP 9 was not synthesized at 40 degrees C, whereas the synthesis of the early glycoproteins GVP 11 and GVP 6 continued at wild-type levels. These studies suggest that the transition from early to late glycoprotein synthesis is linked to viral DNA synthesis.

Published
1989

35. Wind-Tunnel Investigation of a General Aviation Airplane Equipped With a High Aspect-Ratio, Natural-Laminar-Flow Wing

Author

Randy Nelson, Daniel G. Murri, Patrick J. Davis, and Frank L. Jordan

Subjects
Engineering, Boundary layer, business.product_category, Wing, business.industry, High-lift device, Longitudinal static stability, Stall (fluid mechanics), Aerodynamics, Aerospace engineering, business, Airplane, Wind tunnel
Abstract

A wind tunnel investigation has been conducted to evaluate the aerodynamic performance, stability, and control characteristics of a full-scale general aviation aircraft equipped with an advanced natural laminar flow wing. Force and moment data were measured over wide angle-of-attack and sideslip ranges and at Reynolds numbers from 1.4 million to 2.4 million based on the mean aerodynamic chord. Additional measurements determined the condition of the wing boundary layer and the wing stalling characteristics. The results showed that large regions of natural laminar flow existed on the wing which would significantly enhance the cruise performance of the configuration. Artificially tripping the boundary layer did not significantly affect the lift, stability, and control characteristics. Leading-edge modifications were effective in improving the stall resistance of the configuration, and resulted in only minor penalties in calculated cruise performance.

Published
1987

36. David Gilliam, trombone and Student Brass Quintet

Author

Gilliam, David; Coad, Linda; Wehrly, Lisa; Ball State University. Student Brass Quintet; Noble, Randy; Nelson, Phil; Nunemaker, Toni; Mizell, Richard; Black, Phillip, Ball State University. School of Music, Gilliam, David; Coad, Linda; Wehrly, Lisa; Ball State University. Student Brass Quintet; Noble, Randy; Nelson, Phil; Nunemaker, Toni; Mizell, Richard; Black, Phillip, and Ball State University. School of Music

Abstract

David Gilliam is assisted by Linda Coad, piano, Lisa Wehrly, piano, and an 8-piece chamber ensemble.; Student Brass Quintet: Randall Noble, trumpet, Phil Nelson, trumpet, Toni Nunemaker, horn, Rick Mizell, trombone, Phil Black, tuba., Series XXX, Number 61., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Published
1975

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