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Abstract A recent paper by Nishiyama et al. (Earth, Planets, and Space 73:126) examined syntectonic quartz veins to constrain temporal variations in the recurrence intervals between slow slip and tremor events. The authors claim that by examining the liquid-volume fraction of syntectonic fluid inclusions in the veins, that they can accurately reconstruct pore-fluid pressures (and variations therein) that were operative during faulting at ~ 15 km depth in an exhumed subduction melange. From these observations, the authors infer that large (from lithostatic to hydrostatic) decreases in pore-fluid pressure occurred during faulting, and that these variations drove increases in supersaturation and rapid quartz precipitation over time scales consistent with the repeat times of seismologically observed slow slip and tremor events. Here, I show that Nishiyama et al.’s analysis neglects reasonable uncertainties in pore-fluid pressure reconstruction. When those uncertainties are included, the Nishiyama et al.’s results become ambiguous as to whether any variation in pore-fluid pressure during vein formation occurred at all, negating the validity of many of the subsequent conclusions. Graphical Abstract

Abstract We document the mechanical and geochemical processes of fault rock development in the shallow San Andreas fault (Mojave segment), and quantify their importance in shaping the mineralogy, grain size, fabric, and frictional characteristics of gouge. Through a combination of field and laboratory analysis of an extensive suite of shallow (

Autor predočuje projekt urbane revitalizacije koji je izvanredno prihvaćen u SAD-u jer je omogućio gospodarski oporavak maloga gradića na umoru, uz istodobno očuvanje načina života i pejzažnih vrijednosti omiljenih mjesnom stanovništvu. Autor ocjenjuje način na koji je to urađeno, tehnike planiranja i rezultate. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na uspješnost tehnike u uočavanju najvažnijih mjesta u gradu, tzv. svete strukture grada, koja su inspirirala sam razvojni projekt. Ta se tehnika može djelotvorno primijeniti i u drugim mjestima i gradovima suočenim s oprekom između čuvanja kulturnog naslijeđa i gospodarskog razvoja.

Understanding and communicating uncertainty is a key skill needed in the practice of science. However, there has been little research on the instruction of uncertainty in undergraduate science education. Our team designed a module within an online geoscience field course which focused on explicit instruction around uncertainty and provided students with an uncertainty rating scale to record and communicate their uncertainty with a common language. Students then explored a complex, real-world geological problem about which expert scientists had previously made competing claims through geologic maps. Provided with data, expert uncertainty ratings, and the previous claims, students made new geologic maps of their own and presented arguments about their claims in written form. We analyzed these reports along with assessments of uncertainty. Most students explicitly requested geologists' uncertainty judgments in a post-course assessment when asked why scientists might differ in their conclusions and/or utilized the rating scale unprompted in their written arguments. Through the examination of both pre- and post-course assessments of uncertainty and students' course-based assessments, we argue that explicit instruction around uncertainty can be introduced during undergraduate coursework and could facilitate geoscience novices developing into practicing geoscientists.

Internalizing symptoms are prevalent in students as they enter and complete college. Considering research suggesting mental health benefits of pet ownership, this study explores the relationship between pet ownership, social support (SS), and internalizing symptoms (IS) in a cohort of students across their 4-year college experience. With no differences at college entry, students growing up with pets had greater IS through the fourth year, and greater SS through the third year, than those without pets. Currently living with a pet, gender, SS and personality predicted IS in the fourth year. Females experiencing higher IS in their first year are more likely to live with pets in their fourth year, and fourth year females living with pets or greatly missing absent pets have higher IS than females without pets or missing pets less. Findings suggest a unique relationship between IS in female students and their pet relationships not seen in males.

A university counseling center engaged a therapy dog program for an outreach activity to reduce stress as students prepare for final exams at a large culturally diverse university. This article describes the rationale, planning, and implementation of the activity; presents an evaluation summary; and provides recommendations and implications for counselors interested in using a similar activity. A large and diverse student population attended the activity and gave primarily positive feedback for this low-cost group activity.