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One of the most significant challenges the world is currently facing is wastewater treatment. A substantial volume of effluents from diverse sources releases numerous pollutants into the water. Among these contaminants, organic pollutants are particularly concerning due to the associated risk of being released into the environment, garnering significant attention. Rapid advancements in agriculture and industry on a global scale generate vast volumes of hazardous organic compounds, which eventually find their way into natural systems. Recently, the release of industrial wastewater has been increasing, due to the progress of numerous businesses. This poses a danger to humans and the environment, leading to environmental contamination. The application of carbon nanocomposites in applied nanotechnology has recently expanded due to their large surface area, substantial pore volume, low preparation cost, and environmental resilience. Expanding the use of nanomaterials in water treatment is essential, as magnetic carbon nanocomposites consistently demonstrate an efficient elimination of pollutants from water solutions. In the current study, we have highlighted the application of magnetic porous carbon nanocomposites in removing organic pollutants from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3-dimensional atomic and electronic structures of four crystalline WS2 phases are rendered using VESTA program. In this study, a comprehensive investigation for visualizing structure models and Patterson densities in metastable 1T'- and 4M-WS2 phases and elucidate comparison to stable 2H- and 3R-WS2 phases. Structure models are provided in Stick, Space-filling, Ball-and-stick and Polyhedral representations with size of atoms based on their atomic radii. Analysis on type of W-S coordination (WS6) polyhedra reveals that metastable WS2 phases are composed of distorted octahedra and for stable WS2 phases it is perfect trigonal prisms. Moreover, evidence of different stacking sequences in WS2 polymorphs is also visualized. Patterson densities are exploited from model-electron and -nuclear densities are demonstrated in Wireframe representation by optimizing the interatomic distances. These studies not only evidence the structural characteristics influencing the construction of four WS2 polymorphs, but also provide an ideal platform for both fundamental and application-oriented research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinoline is a significant scaffold among heterocyclic compounds and can be used as a key building block for the development of novel medications. Quinoline and its derivatives are recognised as biologically active substances with a number of pharmacological properties. Nowadays, quinoline‐ based heterocycle scaffolds have achieved a prominent position in medicinal chemistry due to their significant pharmacological and biological properties. The discovery and creation of cutting‐edge medications to treat a variety of diseases is an example of the usefulness of these compounds. The current study outlines the range of methods available to create different quinolone‐based heterocycle scaffolds and their advantageous therapeutic applications using the literature that has been published up to 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spaced IFA Supplementation is recognized as an efficacious public health program and effective preventive approach in combating anemia in adolescent girls, is cost effective and results in fewer side effects. Aim: To study the effect of: bi-weekly supplementation of IFA with and without Albendazole administration on the status of hemoglobin level in college going adolescent girls. Material and methods: An interventional study was conducted among college going girls in Agra in the age group of 16-19 years (n=300) who were randomly selected. Their Hemoglobin levels were estimated before and after intervention by the Cynmeth-hemoglobin method using Drabkin's solution. Three groups [two study A and B and one control] of hundred girls each were randomly constituted. To the study groups, supervised bi-weekly IFA with and without Albendazole were administered respectively for three months. Data collected was analyzed using suitable statistical tools. Results & Discussion: The overall prevalence of anemia was 65.3%.The initial prevalence in study group reduced significantly from 80.7% to 35.5% whereas in study group B it reduced from 73.5% to 58.8% and in control it remained almost same 84.3% and 81.2% pre and post intervention respectively. The mean Hemoglobin rise observed in the study group A and B was 2.5gm/dl and 2.3 gm/dl respectively while in control group fall in the mean Hb was observed (0.1gm/dl). Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls is high. Supervised IFA therapy twice a week is an effective strategy to lower the prevalence of anemia either combined or uncombined with Albendazole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterocyclic compounds based on 1,3,4‐oxadiazole (ODA) have attracted considerable attention in the field of pharmacy, drug discovery, and in the field of material sciences. This article reports a series of new highly twisted blue‐ and green‐emitting ODA‐based materials 4(a–e) utilizing a simple and efficient synthetic approach, resulting in high yield. The formation of multiple CN bonds unfolds via a simple nucleophilic method that does not need costly metal catalysts. The derivative structures were validated using analytical methods such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Using fluorescence spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and fluorescence lifetime measurements, a thorough investigation was carried out on the photophysical characteristics of the newly synthesized derivatives. A deeper understanding of intramolecular charge transfer was uncovered via solvent‐dependent spectroscopy. Specifically, these materials show a large stock shift of up to 153 nm and long fluorescence decay value between 8 and 8.6 ns. Computational methods pinned on density functional theory (DFT) were used to determine the highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps. The optical band gaps derived from absorption peaks and the band gaps computed by DFT computations are highly correlated. Using cyclic voltammetry study, the compounds' redox potentials were further investigated. These results indicate that the ODAs 4(a–e) are promising organic materials and could play an important role in the field of optoelectronic devices, bioimaging, and photo‐redox reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pancreatic injury is an uncommon consequence of abdominal trauma, and surgery has been the conventional treatment. The role and timing of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided treatment of the consequences of traumatic pancreatic injury is unclear. Our study evaluated the safety and efficacy of EUS-guided transmural drainage of post-traumatic pancreatic fluid collections (PFC)., Methods: A retrospective analysis of 13 patients (mean age 20.2±4.4 years; 12 males) with post-traumatic PFC treated with EUS-guided transmural drainage over the last 10 years was performed. Patient demographics, imaging findings, size of PFC, details of endoscopic transmural drainage procedure, outcome details, as well complications were retrieved from our database., Results: The patients underwent drainage at 26.8±7.4 days after abdominal trauma, and the mean size of PFC was 11.8±3.2 cm with 2 patients having multiple fluid collections. Ten patients had PFC with a well-formed wall and 3 patients had an incompletely formed wall. Endoscopic drainage was technically successful in all 13 patients and 11 patients underwent transmural drainage with multiple plastic stents whereas 2 patients were treated with lumen apposing metal stents. The PFC resolved in all patients over a mean period of 2.7±0.4 weeks. One patient developed gastrointestinal bleeding 6 days after the procedure, successfully treated with angio-embolization., Conclusion: EUS-guided transmural drainage of post-traumatic PFC is safe and effective and can be safely performed at an early phase (<4 weeks) after pancreatic trauma., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: None, (Copyright: © Hellenic Society of Gastroenterology.)

Background: Lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) were considered a breakthrough in the endoscopic management of walled-off necrosis (WON), as their larger drainage diameter was expected to provide effective drainage of necrotic material. However, various studies and meta-analyses that have compared plastic and metal stents for the treatment of WON have shown conflicting results. We retrospectively compared the efficacy and safety of endoscopic transmural drainage between multiple plastic stents and LAMS., Methods: Endoscopic data were retrospectively retrieved for patients who had undergone endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage/debridement of WON. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether multiple plastic stents or LAMS were deployed during initial drainage. The resolution and complication rates were compared between the 2 groups., Results: One hundred sixty-six patients (83% male, mean age 37.5 years) with symptomatic WON were treated with EUS-guided drainage using either multiple plastic stents (n=138) or LAMS (n=28). Patients in the LAMS group had significantly larger WON and a significantly higher proportion of solid content. WON resolution rates did not differ between plastic stents and LAMS (98.5% vs. 96.4% respectively, P=0.42). However, the time taken to resolution was significantly shorter in the LAMS group than in the plastic stents group (26.7 vs. 29.8 days, P=0.03). There was no significant difference between the groups in either mortality or complication rates., Conclusions: The technical success, rates of WON resolution and complications were similar in patients treated with multiple plastic stents and LAMS. However, LAMS were associated with a significantly shorter time to resolution., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: None, (Copyright: © Hellenic Society of Gastroenterology.)

Background: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) can predict the response to endoscopic dilatation by delineating the extent of esophageal wall involvement in benign strictures. In contrast to conventional echoendoscopes, the EUS miniprobe can be negotiated across the stricture and thus provide more information. This study retrospectively evaluated the role of miniprobe EUS in predicting the response to endoscopic dilatation in benign esophageal strictures., Methods: We analyzed the records of 24 patients (mean age: 48.1±17.9 years) with benign esophageal strictures (corrosive 11, peptic 5, post-radiation 3, anastomotic 2, and others 3) who underwent miniprobe EUS prior to endoscopic dilatation., Results: The stricture was located in the upper, middle and lower esophagus in 2, 9 and 13 patients, respectively. The mean length of the stricture was 3.4±1.9 cm. Miniprobe EUS was able to examine the stricture completely in all patients. The mucosa was involved in 6, mucosa and submucosa in 4, and mucosa, submucosa and muscularis propria in 14 patients. The mean maximum wall thickness of esophageal wall on EUS at the level of the stricture was 8.2±2.8 mm. The mean number of sessions required to achieve adequate dilation was 4.7±2.6. Patients with mucosal involvement required significantly fewer endoscopic sessions for adequate dilatation as compared to patients with muscularis propria involvement (1.8 vs. 6.2 sessions, respectively; P=0.0002). Patients with greater esophageal wall thickness required more endoscopic sessions (r=0.737) (P=0.00004)., Conclusion: Miniprobe EUS, by delineating the extent of wall involvement as well as measuring wall thickness in benign esophageal strictures, can predict the response to endoscopic dilatation., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: None, (Copyright: © Hellenic Society of Gastroenterology.)

Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: None

Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: None

Background: Patients with esophageal stricture who have normal mucosa and whose endoscopic biopsies are inconclusive pose a difficult diagnostic dilemma. We prospectively assessed high-frequency miniprobe endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for the evaluation of indeterminate esophageal strictures., Methods: Over a period of 3 years, 19 patients (14 male; mean age: 58.9±11.6 years) with indeterminate esophageal strictures were studied using high-frequency miniprobe EUS. The final diagnosis was based on definitive cytopathology, surgical pathology or clinical follow up for more than 6 months., Results: The etiology of the esophageal stricture was benign in 10 patients (peptic 2, tubercular 2, drug-induced 2, idiopathic 1, post-pancreatitis 1, post-surgical 1, and IgG4-related sclerosing esophagitis 1), and malignant in 9 patients (squamous cell carcinoma 5, and adenocarcinoma 4). The esophageal stricture was located in the upper, mid and lower esophagus in 1, 9 and 9 patients respectively. The mean length of benign and malignant esophageal strictures was 2.4±1.1 cm and 5.3±1.6 cm, respectively (P=0.0003). EUS was performed successfully without dilatation in all patients. Wall stratification was lost in all patients with malignant strictures and in 3/10 (30%) patients with benign strictures (P=0.03). The mean esophageal wall thickness in malignant and benign strictures was 11.7±2.5 mm and 7.1±2.2 mm, respectively (P=0.0005). A wall thickness ≥9 mm had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 78%, 80%, and 79%, respectively, for the diagnosis of malignancy., Conclusions: High-frequency miniprobe EUS provides important diagnostic information about esophageal strictures. Thicker esophageal walls and a loss of wall stratification are more common in malignant strictures., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: None

Background: Splanchnic venous thrombosis (SVT) is a common vascular complication of acute pancreatitis (AP). We conducted this study to prospectively investigate the frequency, risk factors, and extent of SVT in patients with AP and to evaluate the role of thrombophilia in its causation., Methods: Patients with AP presenting between January 2015 and June 2016 were prospectively evaluated with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) for the presence of SVT. These patients underwent a detailed analysis of coagulation parameters., Results: We evaluated 96 patients with AP (73 male, mean age 31.85±13.34 years), of whom 26 (27.1%) had SVT. Splenic vein, portal vein, and superior mesenteric vein involvement were seen in 22 (84.6%), 11 (42.3%), and 4 (15.3%) patients, respectively. Necrotizing pancreatitis, CT severity index (CTSI) >6 and modified CTSI >6 were significantly more frequent in patients with SVT than in those without (96.2% vs. 78.6%, 76.9% vs. 47.1%, and 92.3% vs. 67.1%, respectively). Proteins C and S, and antithrombin III deficiency were found in 23.8%, 33.3% and 31.0% of patients, respectively. Anti-β2-glycoprotein I and lupus anticoagulant were positive in 4.8% and 11.9% of patients, respectively. Factor V Leiden mutation analysis was positive in 6.1% of patients. Coagulation abnormality did not differ significantly between the patients with and without SVT., Conclusions: SVT is more common in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis, suggesting that local inflammation plays a major role in its causation. Thrombophilia is seen in one third of patients with AP but does not seem to increase the risk of SVT., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: None

Background: Splenic pseudocysts (SP) are a rare consequence of both acute and chronic pancreatitis. Surgery has been conventional treatment for SP and literature on role of endoscopic treatment is scant. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated SP clinical and radiological characteristics as well as the outcome following endoscopic drainage., Methods: Retrospective analysis of SP patients seen at our unit from January 2002 to June 2015. All patients were treated with attempted endoscopic transpapillary drainage with a nasopancreatic drain or stent. Patients not responding underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural or percutaneous radiological drainage., Results: Eleven patients with SP (all male; mean age: 40.5±8.8 years) were studied. Seven patients had chronic pancreatitis and 4 patients had SP following acute pancreatitis. The majority (10/11; 91%) had alcohol-related acute or chronic pancreatitis with one patient having coexistent pancreas divisum. Seven (64%) patients were treated successfully with transpapillary drainage only; one (9%) patient needed combined transpapillary and transmural drainage; and 3 (27%) patients needed surgery., Conclusion: Endoscopic transpapillary drainage is an effective treatment for SP especially when it is not infected and with clear contents, and is associated with partial ductal disruption that can be bridged by an endoprosthesis.

Background: A number of scoring systems are available to predict prognosis in acute pancreatitis (AP). The aim of the study was to compare extra-pancreatic inflammation on computed tomography (CT) (EPIC score) and renal rim sign with clinical scores (BISAP, SIRS) and conventional CT severity index (CTSI) and modified CTSI (MCTSI) in predicting persistent organ failure (POF), intervention and mortality., Methods: The demographic, clinical and radiographic data from patients with AP were retrospectively evaluated. The scores were evaluated by calculating receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the ROC (AUROC)., Results: Of the 105 patients (65 males; mean age 40.6±12.9 years) included, 8 died, 71 developed POF, and 16 needed intervention. The mean CTSI, MCTSI and EPIC scores were 5.8±3.0, 7.1±2.6 and 4.0±1.9 respectively. The AUROC for SIRS, BISAP, CTSI, MCTSI, Renal Rim Score and EPIC score in predicting POF were 0.65 (95%CI 0.53-0.78), 0.75 (95%CI 0.65-0.86), 0.66 (95%CI 0.54-0.78), 0.70 (95%CI 0.58-0.81), 0.64 (95%CI 0.52-0.76), 0.71 (95%CI 0.60-0.83), for radiological/endoscopic intervention were 0.50 (95%CI 0.35-0.65), 0.64 (95%CI 0.49-0.78), 0.51 (95%CI 0.36-0.66), 0.55 (95%CI 0.41-0.70), 0.51 (95%CI 0.36-0.67), 0.66 (95%CI 0.52-0.81), and for mortality 0.57 (95%CI 0.38-0.75), 0.90 (95%CI 0.83-0.97), 0.67 (95%CI 0.50-0.83), 0.68 (95%CI 0.51-0.85), 0.73 (95%CI 0.57-0.89) and 0.77 (95%CI 0.64-0.90) respectively., Conclusion: The prognostic performance of various clinical and radiological scoring systems in AP is comparable with BISAP having the highest accuracy for predicting POF and mortality.