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يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على الذكاء الاصطناعي بشكل عام، وضوابط استخدامه، ثم التعرف على مدى قدرته على خدمة الباحث الشرعي عند إنجاز أبحاثه في الإجابة عن الأسئلة المتعلقة بالثقافة الإسلامية والعلوم الشرعية، في سبيل الترقي بعمل الذكاء الاصطناعي من خلال التعاون المكثف بين المبرمجين من جهة وعلماء الشريعة من جهة أخرى، ولقد قام البحث على المنهج: الوصفي من خلال طرح أسئلة نوعية على الذكاء الاصطناعي في الثقافة الإسلامية، والتفسير والحديث والفقه، وتم تقسيم البحث إلى مقدمة ومبحثين، المبحث الأول: تعريف تقنية الذكاء الاصطناعي وأهميته في التعليم. المبحث الثاني: مدى إمكانية الذكاء الاصطناعي على تقديم الإجابات الصحيحة عن الأسئلة الشرعية. وخلص البحث إلى أن الذكاء الاصطناعي لا يزال قاصرًا عن تقديم إجابات نوعية للباحث الشرعي، وعليه يقع على عاتق العلماء اليوم العمل على تطوير الذكاء الاصطناعي لخدمة العلوم الشرعية.

The study aimed to identify the extent to which the faculty members of the Hashemite University use social networks, seen from their point of view, and also aimed to identify if there statistically significant differences in the extent to which the faculty members use social networks, by faculty, country of graduation, academic rank, and years of experience variables. The study's data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 225 faculty members who were selected in available sample random way in the second semester of the academic year 2019/2020. A tool was developed to measure the faculty members' use, and it consisted of 42 items. The results showed that the degree of social network use among faculty members was high in all disciplines, from the teaching field (highest) to scientific research and the community service field. There were significant differences in social network use due to faculty variable, in favour of science faculty members. And there were significant differences in social network use due to years of experience variable, in favour to the faculty member who has 5-10 years of experience in teaching, but no statistically significant differences in social networks use due to country of graduation and academic position variables. Researchers recommendations to support faculty members and encourage them to evaluate the impact or effects of using different technologies in the educational process.

Introduction: Genitourinary/ fecal fistula is an abnormal communication between the genital tract and either the urinary tract or the gastrointestinal tract. Among genitourinary fistulae, most common is the vesicovaginal followed by ureterovaginal fistula. Aims & Objectives: The aim of our study is to determine various causes and types of genitourinary/fecal fistulae and their surgical outcome in our setting. Place and Duration of Study: A descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Central Park Teaching Hospital Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from December 2013-December 2021. Material & Methods: Total of 77 patients presented with various types of genitourinary/fecal fistulae during the study period. All details as demographic characteristics, type and cause of fistula, route of repair and surgical outcome were taken on a standardized proforma. All data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 26 for statistical analysis.p-value of less than 0.05 was regarded as significant. Results: In this study, the age range was from 22 to 62 years with mean age 38.38 + 10.67 years. Mean duration of fistula was computed as 45.47 + 71.31 months with the range of 1 month to 27 years (324 months). Average fistula size was 1.14 + 0.96 cm with the range of 0.25 cm to 3 centimeters. The obstetric causes of fistulae accounted 44% (n=34) while iatrogenic causes were seen in 56% (n=43) of patients. The most common type of fistula was VVF with 53 (69%) patients followed by uretero-vaginal fistula with 08 (10.0%). The least common type of fistula was urethro-vaginal with only 01 (1%) case of 22 years, 05 (7%) patients had RVF and 08 (10%) had vesico-uterine and vesico-cervical fistulae. the overall success rate is 88.3%. Conclusion: The iatrogenic causes of genitourinary/fecal fistulae are more prevalent than obstetric causes. The successful outcome of fistula repair depends on number of previous attempts of repair and outcome of repair worsen with each number of previous attempts.

Saddle pulmonary embolism (SPE) is a rare type of pulmonary embolism that can lead to hemodynamic compromise causing sudden deaths. Due to a dearth of large prospective studies in this area, little is known regarding the epidemiology, and prognosis and factors affecting the latter for COVID-19-associated SPE. We aimed to describe COVID-19-associated SPE and quantify and compare mortality and factors affecting mortality among the cases. We included a total of 25 publications with a total of 35 cases. The average age was 45 ± 16.3 years with 11 females and 24 males. Dyspnoea (82.5%), orthopnoea (43.5%), and cough (43.5%) were the most common symptoms, and obstructive shock was present in five (21.7%) patients. The average reported oxygen (O2) saturation was 85.8% ± 11.9 mm Hg. Hypertension (26.1%), diabetes (21.7%), and deep vein thrombosis (21.7%) were the most commonly reported comorbidities. Right heart strain was recognized in seven (30%) patients on electroencephalogram (S1QIIITIII) and 12 (52.2%) patients on echocardiogram. Anticoagulation, thrombolysis, and percutaneous intervention were tried in 21 (91.3%), 13 (56.5%), and 6 (26.1%) cases, respectively. Despite the aggressive management, 2 of 25 (8.7%) patients died in our smaller case report cohort. We conclude that despite aggressive management modalities, the mortality of SPE remains high in COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Many ophthalmological complications have been associated with hydrocephalus (HC), including ocular motility disorders, visual field defects, optic atrophy, and loss of visual acuity. No studies have investigated the prevalence of strabismus and visual outcomes of children with congenital HC after ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt in Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVES: Estimate the frequency of strabismic children diagnosed with HC who underwent a VP shunt procedure. DESIGN: Medical record review SETTING: Tertiary care center PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the files of all pediatric patients diagnosed with hydrocephalus before the age of 2 years and treated with shunts during the period 2010 to 2020 at our institution. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Strabismus types and ophthalmic assessment (visual state, outcomes, and ocular motility state). SAMPLE SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS: 190 children; 98 (51.5%) males. RESULTS: Eighty-nine (46.8%) had congenital HC followed by intraventricular hemorrhage 36 (18.9%); 74 (38.9%) patients had regular follow-ups in ophthalmology. Sixty-five (34.2%) patients had no ophthalmic assessment or fundus examination records, while 63 (33.1%) were diagnosed with strabismus. At the initial assessment, 26 (13.6%) patients had exotropia (XT). At the final assessment, 7 (3.6%) patients had XT. The association between VP shunt and strabismus was statistically significant, (χ2=6.534, df=1, P

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the Big Five personality traits on the entrepreneurial intentions of undergrad university students in Jordan. It further investigates the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness. Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative survey method was conducted with a convenience sample of Jordanian university students. A total of 323 valid questionnaires were received and analyzed. A structural equation modeling with partial least square (PLS) is used to analyze data. Findings – Results revealed that conscientiousness, openness and alertness were associated with entrepreneurial intention. Extraversion and openness were associated with alertness, while agreeableness and neuroticism were unrelated to either outcome. Finally, alertness mediates the relationship between extraversion and openness with entrepreneurial intention. Originality/value – There is a lack of previous studies investigating the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and students’ entrepreneurial intentions in Jordan, particularly the role of mediating variables in this relationship. This study is considered the first one that examined the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness in the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intentions.

Resettlement country language literacy facilitates integration and counteracts social and economic marginalization. Thus, access to language learning is a social justice issue. Resettled refugees in Canada are eligible for free English/French language training. Between 2015-2017, Canada resettled 47,735 Syrian refugees. We explored predictors of language class participation for Syrian refugees, examining data from 1915 adult Syrian refugees in government-funded language classes in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. Findings suggest access to language programs are shaped by provincial policies. Factors hindering participation varied by province and included gender, physical/mental health, education, English/French literacy, and employment. Practice and policy recommendations are discussed.

The mobile phones come to be an important device all people use it for communication and phones can be contaminated with bacterial isolates. this study tries to do a little investigation about kinds and percent of pathogenic bacteria and the detection of some antibiotic resistance one and difference between that found in the healthcare worker’s mobile phone and peoples who work out of that field. Samples collection were done using mobile phones belongs to healthcare workers and Basra University employments. Swabs were cultured on different media then the suspected colonies were identified by recognizing the morphology of colonies, staining with Gram’s stain then tested with biochemical tests. Our study shows bacterial isolates in all the screened mobile phone, The highest proportions were recorded by Bacillus spp (66%) and Pseudomonas spp (56%) while the lowest proportions were Staphylococcus aureus (8%) and Candida spp (12%). And there was a significant difference in the kinds and percent of bacterial isolates between the healthcare workers and employments mobile phones, besides the appearance of Cefotaxime and Cefatizoxime resistance Proteus sp. and Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole resistance Klebsiella spp. also the intermediate susceptibility to the different antibiotic was shown in all isolates. All the mobile phones can be contaminated by various kinds of bacteria some of these were resistant to some antibiotics and there was a significant difference in the percent and kinds of bacterial isolates between the health care worker and people who work out of this field.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease, which manifests as irritation or swelling and sores in the large intestine in a relapsing and remitting manner. In a dextran sulfate sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC model in female mice, we found that the levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are reduced, while the expression of phosphodiesterase 9A (PDE9A) is highest among all phosphodiesterase (PDEs). Since PDE9 has the highest affinity toward cGMP, we evaluated the selective PDE9 inhibitor PF-04447943 (PF) as a potential candidate for UC treatment. PF has been extensively studies in cognitive function and in sickle cell disease, but not in models for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, we used female C57BL/6 mice treated with 3% DSS alone or cotreated with PF or sulfasalazine (SASP) to study the body weight, colon length, histopathology, and measure superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and cGMP level, as well as cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-12/23 (IL-12/23), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and pathways including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and inflammasome activation. In addition, the number of dendritic cells (DC) and regulatory T cells (Treg cell) was assessed in the spleen, lymph node, and colon using flow cytometry. DSS reduced the number of goblet cells, decreased colon lengths and body weights, all of them were attenuated by PF treatment. It also suppressed the elevated level of inflammatory cytokines and increased level the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. PF treatment also reduced the DSS-induced inflammation by suppressing oxidative stress, NF-κB, STAT3, and inflammasome activation, by upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and its downstream proteins via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Importantly, PF reversed imbalance in Treg/T helper 17 cells (Th17) cells ratio, possibly by regulating dendritic cells and Treg developmental process. In summary, this study shows the protective effect of a PDE9A inhibitor in ulcerative colitis by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation as well as reversing the Treg/Th17 cells imbalance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

خلال الجولات الميدانية لبعض الغابات في عدة مناطق سورية وخلال أشهر تشرين الأول وتشرين الثاني وكانون الأول لعام 2019، تم ملاحظة أعراض مرض البياض الدقيقي على العديد من أشجار البلوط وبعد دراسة الأعراض الظاهرية والفحص المجهري للتركيبات الجسمانية للفطر /أجسام ثمرية، أكياس زقية وأبواغ زقية وكونيدية/ ومقارنتها بالمراجع المختصة تبين إصابة أشجار البلوط في جميع المناطق المدروسة بالفطر المسبب للبياض الدقيقي على البلوط Microsphaera alphitoides وتسجيل الإصابة ولأول مرة بالفطرPhyllactinia guttata فقط في منطقة البهلولية لتابعة لمحافظة اللاذقية وهذا هو التسجيل الأول للفطرP. guttata في سورية.