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As a result of rapid demographic changes in today's globalised world, more student teachers come from different cultural backgrounds. New Zealand too has seen an influx of international students in the early childhood sector. In this article the author reports on a research study that explores the perspectives of a group of eight Indian student teachers. It explores their identity within New Zealand as Indian teachers and how they have enculturated themselves in the local context. This study focuses on the discourse of difference and diversity to understand the identity of global teachers in the local context. It critically analyses some assumptions and issues related to diversity and difference in early childhood education.

This paper is a reflection on culturally relevant pedagogies of care to achieve more equitable outcomes for diverse cultures within early childhood. The authors are academics at a tertiary institute in Auckland, New Zealand. Our aim is to share our experiences as teachers in a diverse and multi-ethnic city in New Zealand. Authors draw on narrative methodology to deconstruct our experiences and share how we position ourselves in teaching and learning. The paper emphasises an enactment of pedagogy that recognises diverse cultural knowledge and other ways of knowing.

Three binuclear dioxidomolybdenum complexes designated as [{MoVIO2}2(L1)(H2O)2] 1, [{MoVIO2}2(L2)(H2O)2] 2, and [{MoVIO2}2(L3)(H2O)2] 3 with dihydrazone ligands, H4L1I, H4L2II, and H4L3III, have been prepared by the process with ligands and MoO2(acac)2 in a ratio of 1 : 2. Many analytical techniques have been used to describe these complexes, including elemental (CHN) analysis, spectroscopy (FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H, and 13CNMR), and TGA analysis. SC-XRD analysis has been employed to study the structures of these complexes 1a, 2a, and 3a revealing the octahedral geometry and the binding of one molybdenum atom to each side of azomethine nitrogen, enolate oxygen, and a phenolic oxygen atom. The second molybdenum is bound to donor atoms similarly to the first. Powder X-ray investigations of the complexes are also performed to ensure the purity of the bulk material, and it was discovered that the single crystal reflects the bulk material. DFT was used to calculate the theoretical properties of ligands at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of the model. In contrast, the LANL2DZ level of the model was used to compute the theoretical properties of the synthesised complexes. Frequency, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR calculations were also attempted, and the calculated results were found to correspond well with the experimental data. Furthermore, the peroxidase-mimicking activity of these complexes was investigated, followed by the oxidation of pyrogallol and dopamine. The Kcat values observed in the pyrogallol oxidation were 0.44 h−1, 0.52 h−1, and 0.54 h−1 for catalysts 1, 2, and 3, respectively. However, high Kcat values of 5.2 h−1, 4.8 h−1, and 3.7 h−1 were achieved in dopamine oxidation employing catalysts 1, 2, and 3, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinnamomum camphora L. belonging to family Lauraceae, is an aromatic evergreen plant which has been traditionally used to heal several health problems such as cold, fever, pneumonia, diarrhea and various infections. In this study, four drying treatments (sun, shade, blower and oven) were applied on the leaves of C. camphora collected in summer season and their effect on the yield, composition and biological properties of the essential oil was evaluated. Hydro distillation of fresh and dried samples was carried out by Clevenger apparatus and essential oils obtained were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Alpha-pinene, camphene, myrcene, limonene and camphor were the common major constituents of the essential oils. The highest essential oil yield was obtained by blower drying technique. Shade dried sample possessed the best antioxidant, antiinflammatory and α-amylase inhibition activities. The highest percentage of camphor was obtained in sun dried plant material. Despite of comparatively low essential oil yield in sun dried C. camphora, sun drying technique is less energy consuming and increased the content of major component of camphora leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zingiber officinale Rosc. belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, is mentioned as Maha-aushadhi in Ayurveda and is also used in many processed dried ginger-based products. The present work was designed to determine the effect of drying on the essential oil content and composition of Zingiber officinale Rosc. rhizomes collected when matured, from Khatima, Uttarakhand region. The GC and GC/MS analysis of the oils resulted in the identification of total 56 (fresh), 45 (sun dried), 47 (blower dried), 37 (shade dried), 46 (oven dried at 30°C) and 44 (oven dried at 50°C) compounds representing 97.93 %, 98.48%, 98.26%, 99.25%, 99.10% and 98.65% of the total oil respectively. The predominant compounds in the oil were geranial (17.53-35.24%), neral (12.47-24.59%), β-phellandrene (9.84-14.12%), geraniol (5.43-10.19%), geranyl acetate (1.33-12.23%), camphene (4.45-7.87%) and zingiberene (0.92-5.24%). The content of camphene, β-phellandrene and geranyl acetate decreased while the percentage of geranial, neral, geraniol and zingiberene increased on drying the ginger rhizomes. The essential oil of all the samples had high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes. This study was one of its kind and showed a significantly different deduction from other studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Four binuclear dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes with Schiff base ligands, H4dar(bhz)2 (I), H4dar(inh)2 (II), H4dar(nah)2 (III) and H4dar(fah)2 (IV) (H2dar=4,6‐diacetyl resorcinol and Hbhz=benzoylhydrazide, Hinh=isonicotinoylhydrazide, Hnah=nicotinoylhydrazide, and Hfah=2‐furoylhydrazide) have been prepared by the reaction of ligand with [MoVIO2(acac)2] (Hacac=acetylacetone) in 1:2 ratio in methanol. Isolated complexes[(MoVIO2)2{dar(bhz)2}(H2O)2] (1), [(MoVIO2)2{dar(inh)2}(H2O)2] (2), [(MoVIO2)2{dar(nah)2}(H2O)2] (3) and [(MoVIO2)2{dar(fah)2}(H2O)2] (4) are characterized by elemental (CHN) analysis, spectral (FT‐IR, UV‐vis, 1H and 13C NMR) and thermogravimetric analysis. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis of complexes 1, 2 and 4 confirms their binuclear structure and distorted octahedral geometry around each molybdenum where ligands behave as bis(dibasic tridentate) coordinating through phenolic oxygen, azomethine nitrogen and enolic oxygen atoms of each unit. These complexes have successfully been used as catalyst precursors in solvent as well as solvent free conditions for the one‐pot three components (ethylacetoacetate, benzaldehyde and ammonium acetate) dynamic covalent assembly, via Hantzsch reaction using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three binuclear μ-oxidobis{dioxidomolybdenum(vi)} complexes, [(μ-O){MoVIO2(MeOH)}2(L1)] 1, [(μ-O){MoVIO2(MeOH)}2(L2)] 2, and [(μ-O){MoVIO2(MeOH)}2(L3)] 3 with potential dibasic tetradentate azine ligands [H2L1 = azine of salicylaldehyde, H2L2 = azine of 3-methoxysalicyaldehyde and H2L3 = azine of 3,5-ditertiarybutylsalicylaldehyde] are reported. The complexes are characterized via elemental analysis, various spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR), thermogravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (2 and 3) studies. These complexes are binuclear having a μ-O{MoO2}2 core where ligands coordinate through a set of phenolic oxygen and azine nitrogen to each molybdenum, thus behaving as bis(bidentate). These complexes are investigated as catalysts for the oxidation of two bicyclic alcohols (fenchyl alcohol and isoborneol) using 30% H2O2 as the oxidant in the presence of NEt3 as the additive. The conversion of bicyclic alcohols within the additives follows the order: NEt3 ＞ py ＞ NH3 ＞ K2CO3 ＞ KOH. In the presence of an N-based additive, fenchyl alcohol and isoborneol selectively give high yields of fenchone and camphor, respectively, while in the absence of the additive the conversion is relatively low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three binuclear dioxidomolybdenum complexes designated as [{Mo VI O 2 } 2 (L 1 )(H 2 O) 2 ] 1, [{Mo VI O 2 } 2 (L 2 )(H 2 O) 2 ] 2, and [{Mo VI O 2 } 2 (L 3 )(H 2 O) 2 ] 3 with dihydrazone ligands, H 4 L 1 I, H 4 L 2 II, and H 4 L 3 III, have been prepared by the process with ligands and MoO 2 (acac) 2 in a ratio of 1 : 2. Many analytical techniques have been used to describe these complexes, including elemental (CHN) analysis, spectroscopy (FT-IR, UV-vis, 1 H, and 13 CNMR), and TGA analysis. SC-XRD analysis has been employed to study the structures of these complexes 1a, 2a, and 3a revealing the octahedral geometry and the binding of one molybdenum atom to each side of azomethine nitrogen, enolate oxygen, and a phenolic oxygen atom. The second molybdenum is bound to donor atoms similarly to the first. Powder X-ray investigations of the complexes are also performed to ensure the purity of the bulk material, and it was discovered that the single crystal reflects the bulk material. DFT was used to calculate the theoretical properties of ligands at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of the model. In contrast, the LANL2DZ level of the model was used to compute the theoretical properties of the synthesised complexes. Frequency, 1 H NMR, and 13 C NMR calculations were also attempted, and the calculated results were found to correspond well with the experimental data. Furthermore, the peroxidase-mimicking activity of these complexes was investigated, followed by the oxidation of pyrogallol and dopamine. The K cat values observed in the pyrogallol oxidation were 0.44 h -1 , 0.52 h -1 , and 0.54 h -1 for catalysts 1, 2, and 3, respectively. However, high K cat values of 5.2 h -1 , 4.8 h -1 , and 3.7 h -1 were achieved in dopamine oxidation employing catalysts 1, 2, and 3, respectively.