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Excessive existence of fluoride in water resources can lead to harmful impacts on ecosystems and organisms. Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membranes loaded with La(OH)3 nanorods composites (La(OH)3/PAN electrospun nanofiber membranes [ENFMs]) are fabricated and used as an efficient fluoride scavenger. Adsorbent fabricate protocols, pH, initial F− concentration, adsorbent dosage, and adsorption time, in addition to coexisting anions, were systematically evaluated. The investigation unveils that a pH of 3.0 is optimal for F− remediation. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm of La(OH)3/PAN ENFMs are well described by the pseudo-second-order model (R 2 > 0.997) with characteristics of chemisorption and Langmuir isotherm (R 2 > 0.999) with the feature of single-layer coverage. The existence of Cl−, SO4 2−, NO3 −, and CO3 2− does not significantly hinder fluoride removal by La(OH)3/PAN ENFMs with the exception of PO4 3−. Calculations of ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS reveal that the nature of F− adsorption onto La(OH)3/PAN ENFMs is endothermic and favorable at a higher temperature.

Abstract We propose that the thermodynamics and the kinetics of state switching for the asymptotically flat black hole enclosed by a cavity can be studied in terms of the free energy landscape formalism. The generalized free energy for the black hole enclosed by a cavity in the canonical ensemble is derived by using the York’s approach, where the temperature on the cavity and the charges inside the cavity are kept as the fixed parameters. By quantifying the corresponding free energy landscape, we obtain the phase diagrams for the black hole in cavity, which reveal a Hawking–Page type transition for the uncharged black hole and a Van der Waals type transition for the charged black hole. We further assume that the dynamics of black hole state switching is mutually determined by the gradient force and the stochastic force arising from the free energy landscape and the thermal noises respectively. We then derive a recurrence relation for the n-momentum of the first passage time distribution function, which enables the calculation of the kinetic times characterized by the mean first passage time and its relative fluctuation. Our analysis illustrates that the kinetics of black hole state switching is determined by the ensemble temperature and the barrier height on the free energy landscape.

Abstract Leveraging its ability to handle large and complex datasets, artificial intelligence can uncover subtle patterns and correlations that human observation may overlook. This is particularly valuable for understanding the intricate dynamics of spinal surgery and its multifaceted impacts on patient prognosis. This review aims to delineate the role of artificial intelligence in spinal surgery. A search of the PubMed database from 1992 to 2023 was conducted using relevant English publications related to the application of artificial intelligence in spinal surgery. The search strategy involved a combination of the following keywords: "Artificial neural network," "deep learning," "artificial intelligence," "spinal," "musculoskeletal," "lumbar," "vertebra," "disc," "cervical," "cord," "stenosis," "procedure," "operation," "surgery," "preoperative," "postoperative," and "operative." A total of 1,182 articles were retrieved. After a careful evaluation of abstracts, 90 articles were found to meet the inclusion criteria for this review. Our review highlights various applications of artificial neural networks in spinal disease management, including (1) assessing surgical indications, (2) assisting in surgical procedures, (3) preoperatively predicting surgical outcomes, and (4) estimating the occurrence of various surgical complications and adverse events. By utilizing these technologies, surgical outcomes can be improved, ultimately enhancing the quality of life for patients.

Abstract Film color and editing are crucial elements in filmmaking, posing significant questions about their effective use in eliciting emotional responses from viewers. While prior research has explored the impacts of color and editing independently, their combined effect remains largely unexplored, leaving the open question of how these elements together affect emotional perception. This study investigates the combined impact of film color and editing on emotion perception, utilizing both subjective behavioral scales and objective functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques. It employs two experiments with a two-factor design to assess the interactions between film color (colored and black-and-white) and film editing (fearful, neutral, and happy levels) on emotional perceptions. Under the direction of a professional filmmaker, a series of film sequences was created for six experimental conditions. In Experiment 1, 117 participants watched the film sequences and subjectively rated the emotional valence of the neutral face in the sequence, uncovering a significant interaction effect between film color and editing on the valence rating of the neutral face. In Experiment 2, 67 participants watched similar film sequences in an MRI scanner to analyze their brain activation patterns. Distinct activations were identified in regions including the insula, anterior cingulate cortices (ACC), and middle frontal gyrus, where a region-of-interest (ROI) analysis of the left ACC revealed an interaction effect on neural responses. These results underscore the integral role of color and editing in influencing viewers’ emotion perception using two types of measurements. This research provides novel insights into the behavioral and neural responses to filmmaking elements that underpin film reception and offers practical implications for filmmakers, encouraging a more holistic approach to considering color and editing to further enrich the audience’s emotional experiences at the pre-production stage of filmmaking.

Abstract The pathophysiology of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis remains incompletely understood. We conducted single-cell and T-cell receptor transcriptomic sequencing on the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from five patients with grade ≥2 immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis. Our analyses revealed a prominent enrichment of T cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis. Within the CD4 + T cell subset, Tfh-like T cells were highly enriched and exhibited signatures associated with inflammation and clonal expansion. Regulatory T cells were also enriched and displayed enhanced inhibitory functions. Within the CD8 + T-cell subset, effector memory/tissue-resident memory T cells with an elevated cytotoxic phenotype were highly infiltrated. Among myeloid cells, alveolar macrophages were depleted, while pro-inflammatory intermediate monocytes were elevated. Dendritic cells demonstrated enhanced antigen presentation capabilities. Cytokines CXCR4, CXCL13, TNF-α, IFN-α, IFN-γ, and TWEAK were elevated. Through a comprehensive single-cell analysis, we depicted the landscape of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis.

Abstract Regular physical activity is widely recognized for reducing the risk of various disorders, with skeletal muscles playing a key role by releasing biomolecules that benefit multiple organs and tissues. However, many individuals, particularly the elderly and those with clinical conditions, are unable to engage in physical exercise, necessitating alternative strategies to stimulate muscle cells to secrete beneficial biomolecules. Histone acetylation and deacetylation significantly influence exercise-induced gene expression, suggesting that targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) could mimic some exercise responses. In this study, we explored the effects of the HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) on human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMMs). Our findings showed that TSA-induced hyperacetylation enhanced myotube fusion and increased the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched with miR-873-3p. These TSA-EVs promoted osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) by targeting H2 calponin (CNN2). In vivo, systemic administration of TSA-EVs to osteoporosis mice resulted in significant improvements in bone mass. Moreover, TSA-EVs mimicked the osteogenic benefits of exercise-induced EVs, suggesting that HDAC inhibition can replicate exercise-induced bone health benefits. These results demonstrate the potential of TSA-induced muscle-derived EVs as a therapeutic strategy to enhance bone formation and prevent osteoporosis, particularly for individuals unable to exercise. Given the FDA-approved status of various HDAC inhibitors, this approach holds significant promise for rapid clinical translation in osteoporosis treatment.

Abstract Organic contaminants have increasingly become a main threat to the water environment, necessitating novel methods for removing from polluted water. In this study, a kind of magnetic ethyl acetate microdrops (Fe3O4@KCC-1@EA) is fabricated for this purpose The KCC-1 shell of Fe3O4@KCC-1 nanospheres is a layer of silica with a dendritic fibrous structure. The ethyl acetate shell of the Fe3O4@KCC-1@EA microdrops provides them with the properties of an organic solvent. While the magnetic core makes them magnetically manipulable. Adding Fe3O4@KCC-1@EA microdrops to bisphenol A-polluted water allows the contaminants to be extracted into the ethyl acetate shell. These microdrops, saturated with bisphenol A, are then easily separated from the water phase with an external magnetic field, achieving a removal rate of over 98%. Besides bisphenol A, the Fe3O4@KCC-1@EA microdrops could also be employed to remove other organic contaminants. This method could provide a new pathway for water purification from organic contaminants.

Abstract Background Healthy dietary patterns have been negatively associated with methylation-based measures of biological age, yet previous investigations have been unable to establish the relationship between them and biological aging assessed through blood chemistry-based clinical biomarkers. We sought to assess the associations of 4 dietary metrics with 4 measures of biological age. Methods Among 16,666 participants in NHANES 1999–2018, 4 dietary metrics [Dietary inflammatory index (DII), Dietary approaches to stop hypertension index (DASH), Alternate mediterranean diet score (aMED), and Healthy eating index-2015 (HEI-2015)] were calculated through the ‘dietaryindex’ R package. Twelve blood chemistry parameters were utilized to compute 4 indicators of biological age [homeostatic dysregulation (HD), allostatic load (AL), Klemera–Doubal method (KDM), and phenotypic age (PA)]. Binomial logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were employed to evaluate the associations. Results All 4 dietary metrics were significantly associated with biological age acceleration or deceleration. In comparison to the lowest DII, the odds ratios (ORs) for accelerated HD, AL, KDM, and PA were 1.25 (1.08,1.45), 1.29 (1.11,1.50), 1.34 (1.08,1.65), and 1.61 (1.39,1.87) for the highest. The multivariable-adjusted ORs of the highest quartile of DASH, aMED, and HEI-2015 were 0.85 (0.73,0.97), 0.88 (0.74,1.04), and 0.84 (0.74,0.96) for HD, 0.64 (0.54,0.75), 0.61 (0.52,0.72), and 0.70 (0.59,0.82) for AL, 0.68 (0.54,0.85), 0.62 (0.50,0.76), and 0.71 (0.58,0.87) for KDM, and 0.50 (0.42,0.59), 0.64 (0.54,0.76), and 0.51 (0.44,0.58) for PA when compared with the lowest level. The findings were validated by the best-fitting dose-response curves for the associations. Among participants consuming dietary supplements (P interaction < 0.05), the positive effects of a healthy dietary pattern on biological aging were more pronounced. Systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were identified as being involved in and mediating the associations. Conclusions Biological aging assessed through blood chemistry-based clinical biomarkers is negatively associated with diet quality. The anti-aging benefits of improving the diet may be due to its ability to reduce inflammation and lower blood lipids.

Abstract Background The famous Tang Dynasty monk Yi Jing travelled to ancient India in 671 AD, visited more than 30 regions and returned to China in 695 AD. He wrote Nanhai Jigui Neifa Zhuan, which he completed in 691 AD. It describes the basic rules, namely ‘Inner Dharma’ (Neifa,内法) that Buddhist sites and monks should follow in their daily lives. Additionally, the author provided an overview of ancient Indian Buddhist medicine, covering aetiology, diagnosis, medication, acupuncture, health preservation and other aspects, which exhibited distinct characteristics. Methods This article first delves into the original text of Nanhai Jigui Neifa Zhuan by reading it thoroughly and extracts core chapters related to hygiene, medicine and health care. Later, the extracted information is meticulously classified and organised. Lastly, through a systematic literature review, keywords search, data screening and comparative analysis, an in-depth and comprehensive exploration and analysis of Nanhai Jigui Neifa Zhuan is conducted within the domains of hygiene, medicine and health care. Results Nanhai Jigui Neifa Zhuan emphasizes the importance of personal hygiene for ancient Indian monks and introduces the basic theories of ancient Indian medicine. It compares ancient Indian and Chinese medicinal materials, highlighting their respective roles in treating different diseases. Furthermore, it briefly discusses the storage and processing of ancient Indian medicinal materials, poisoning and toxicology, and ancient Indian health preservation ideologies. Conclusion A comprehensive and in-depth study of traditional ancient Indian medicine, including Buddhist medicine and Ayurveda, and its application in the religious environment and communities of the Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD) aids in understanding the treatment methods and health practices of ancient Indian medicine. Additionally, it facilitates a deeper understanding of the similarities, differences and exchange between Chinese and Indian medicine, thereby opening up new horizons for future research. Graphical abstract

Bacillus subtilis, a gram-positive bacterium commonly found in soil, is an excellent organism for plant biocontrol. B. subtilis KRS015, an endophyte isolated from the seed of Gossypium hirsutum ‘Zhongzhimian No. 2’, has been proven based on its antagonistic activity against diverse fungal pathogens of plants, including Verticillium dahliae, a fungal pathogen of Verticillium wilt in various plants such as cotton. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of B. subtilis KRS015. The size of the KRS015 genome is 4,331,506 bp. Fifteen gene clusters for antibiotics and secondary metabolites and 412 genes involved in plant–bacterial interactions were identified in this genome. These findings qualified the potential of B. subtilis KRS015 as a biocontrol agent and may help reveal the molecular basis of its antagonistic mechanisms. [Figure: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

Abstract This study aims to illustrate epidemiology of comorbid CVD in the real-world clinical setting of patients with psoriasis in China. We used data of adult patients with psoriasis who were registered in the register of China National Clinical Center for Skin and Immune Diseases between August 2020 and September 2021. Psoriasis was clinically diagnosed following the national guidelines. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the factors associated with comorbid CVD in patients with psoriasis. Of the 11,560 psoriasis patients (age ≥ 18 years, mean age 41.87 years, 64.88% males), 236 were ascertained with CVD, with the overall prevalence being 2.62%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of CVD in psoriasis patients was 2.27 (2.03–2.54) for older age (per 10-year increment), 0.65 (0.48–0.90) for female, 2.07 (1.39–3.06) for obesity (BMI ≥ 28 vs.

Objective To establish reference intervals for serum soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and sTfR/log serum ferritin index (sTfR/lgSF) in apparently healthy adults in the Wuhan area, so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia. Methods A total of 273 individuals from the Wuhan Aisa General Hospital, including health examination participants and blood donors, were selected to measure sTfR, other iron metabolism indicators and high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP). The sTfR/lgSF values were calculated and reference intervals for sTfR and sTfR /lgSF were established using the percentile method (P2.5 to P97.5). Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between sTfR, sTfR/lgSF, and other iron metabolism indicators, as well as hsCRP. Results The sTfR levels (M, mg/L) between males and females (1.01 vs 1.07) were not statistically significant (P>0.05), but the sTfR/lgSF levels if males were significantly lower than those in females (0.45 vs 0.62)(P0.05). The reference interval for STfR was (0.72-1.68) mg/L, the sTfR/lgSF reference interval was (0.31-0.88) for males, and (0.37-1.19) for females. Correlation analysis showed no correlation between sTfR, sTfR/lgSF and hsCRP (r=0.043, P>0.05; r=-0.064, P>0.05), while serum ferritin(SF), serum iron(SI), transferrin saturation(TSAT)were correlated with hsCRP (r=0.128, P0.05), while sTfR/lgSF was significantly correlated with and SF (r=-0.685, P

Peri-operative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) include postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Children and the elderly are the two populations most vulnerable to the development of POD and POCD, which results in both high morbidity and mortality. There are many factors, including neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, that are associated with POD and POCD. General anesthesia is a major risk factor of PNDs. However, the molecular mechanisms of PNDs are poorly understood. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a useful sedative agent with analgesic properties, which significantly improves POCD in elderly patients. In this review, the current understanding of anesthesia in PNDs and the protective effects of DEX are summarized, and the underlying mechanisms are further discussed.

Abstract Background Sows commonly experience insulin resistance in late gestation and lactation, causing lower feed intake and milk production, which can lead to higher mortality rates in newborn piglets. The probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is known to improve insulin resistance. However, whether supplementing LGG can improve insulin sensitivity in sows and enhance lactation performance, particularly the early survival of offspring remains unclear. Hence, we explored the effects and mechanisms of supplementing LGG during late gestation and lactation on sow insulin sensitivity, lactation performance, and offspring survival. In total, 20 sows were randomly allocated to an LGG (n = 10) and control group (n = 10). Results In sows, LGG supplementation significantly improved insulin sensitivity during late gestation and lactation, increased feed intake, milk production and colostrum lactose levels in early lactation, and enhanced newborn piglet survival. Moreover, LGG treatment significantly reshaped the gut microbiota in sows, notably increasing microbiota diversity and enriching the relative abundance of insulin sensitivity-associated probiotics such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides. Serum metabolite and amino acid profiling in late-gestation sows also revealed decreased branched-chain amino acid and kynurenine serum levels following LGG supplementation. Further analyses highlighted a correlation between mitigated insulin resistance in late pregnancy and lactation by LGG and gut microbiota reshaping and changes in serum amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, maternal LGG enhanced immunity in newborn piglets, reduced inflammation, and facilitated the establishment of a gut microbiota. Conclusions We provide the first evidence that LGG mitigates insulin resistance in sows and enhances offspring survival by modulating the gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism.

Rockburst are often encountered in tunnel construction due to the complex geological conditions. To study the influence of unloading rate on rockburst, gneiss rockburst experiments were conducted under three groups of unloading rates. A high-speed photography system and acoustic emission (AE) system were used to monitor the entire process of rockburst process in real-time. The results show that the intensity of gneiss rockburst decreases with decrease of unloading rate, which is manifested as the reduction of AE energy and fragments ejection velocity. The mechanisms are proposed to explain this effect: (i) The reduction of unloading rate changes the crack propagation mechanism in the process of rockburst. This makes the rockbursts change from the tensile failure mechanism at high unloading rate to the tension-shear mixed failure mechanism at low unloading rate, and more energy released in the form of shear crack propagation. Then, less strain energy is converted into kinetic energy of fragments ejection. (ii) Less plate cracking degree of gneiss has taken shape due to decrease of unloading rate, resulting in the destruction of rockburst incubation process. The enlightenments of reducing the unloading rate for the project are also described quantitatively. The rockburst magnitude is reduced from the medium magnitude at the unloading rate of 0.1 MPa/s to the slight magnitude at the unloading rate of 0.025 MPa/s, which was judged by the ejection velocity.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the potential of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as a biomarker in the progression of oral leukoplakia (OLK) carcinogenesis. This was achieved by evaluating FAP expression at different levels of the organisation, namely oral normal mucosa (NM), OLK, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and methods: Altogether, 88 paraffin-embedded tissue samples were examined, including 55 cases of OLK, 13 cases of OSCC, and 20 cases of NM (control group). An exhaustive investigation was performed to examine FAP expression in NM, OLK, and OSCC tissues via immunohistochemistry (IHC). The relationship between FAP expression and clinical pathologic characteristics was analysed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot (WB) also proved the expression of FAP in NM, OLK, and OSCC cells. Aberrant FAP expression in OLK and OSCC was explored using in vitro experiments. Results: Immunohistochemical results showed that high FAP expression was significantly correlated with histopathologic grade (P = .038) but not correlated with age, sex, or region (P = .953, .622, and .108, respectively). The expression level of FAP in NM tissues (0.15 ± 0.01) was minimal, whereas it was observed in OLK (0.28 ± 0.04) and OSCC (0.39 ± 0.02) tissues with a noticeable increase in expression levels (P < .001). The expression level of FAP in OLK with severe abnormal hyperplasia (S-OLK) tissues (0.33 ± 0.04) was significantly higher than in OLK with mild abnormal hyperplasia (MI-OLK, 0.26 ± 0.02) and OLK with moderate abnormal hyperplasia (MO-OLK, 0.28 ± 0.03) tissues (P < .001 and P = .039, respectively). The results of RT-PCR illustrated that the relative expression of FAP mRNA in OLK cells (2.63 ± 0.62) was higher than in NM cells (0.87 ± 0.14), but lower than in OSCC cells (5.63 ± 1.06; P = .027 and .012, respectively). FAP expression was minimal in NM cells (0.78 ± 0.06), modest in OLK cells (1.04 ± 0.06), and significantly elevated in OSCC cells (1.61 ± 0.09) based on the results of WB (P < .001). Conclusions: Significant variations in FAP expression were observed in NM, OLK, and OSCC tissues and cells. These findings revealed that FAP may be a reliable biomarker for the early diagnosis and evaluation of OLK carcinogenesis.

Particle image velocimetry and numerical simulation results of juncture flows were analyzed to parametrically investigate topology transition. The vortex system evolutions from non-vortex to multi-vortex with variations in obstacle bluntness, obstacle width, flow velocity and boundary layer thickness are discussed from the perspective of velocity characteristic lines. The velocity characteristic lines of u=0, v=0, and ∇2v=0 are adopted to describe the vortex system evolution. The motions of the characteristic lines with juncture flow parameters are described in detail, and the corresponding reflections of the vortex system patterns are illustrated. A panoramic picture of the development of velocity characteristic lines corresponding to the HSV topology transition from a non-vortex to a multi-vortex system with variations in the juncture flow parameter is established. Two methods for determining the attachment/separation pattern of the most upstream singularity are proposed. One method is based on the number of intersections of the u=0 and v=0 velocity characteristic curve lines, and the other is based on the relative positions of the most upstream feet of the u=0 and v=0 loop curves with both feet attached to the wall.

Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is suggested to pose a severe risk to the kidneys by inducing functional degradation and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). This study aims to explore the nephrotoxicity of PM2.5 exposure and the underlying mechanism. Herein, based on the UK Biobank, it is found that per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 is associated with a 6% (95% CI: 1%–11%), 7% (95% CI: 3%–11%), 9% (95% CI: 4%–13%), 11% (95% CI: 9%–13%), and 10% (95% CI: 8%–12%) increase in the risk of nephritis, hydronephrosis, kidney stone, acute renal failure, and CKD, respectively. In experimental study, noticeable kidney injury, which is the initiation of kidney diseases, is observed with PM2.5 exposure in C57BL/6N mice (n = 8), accompanied with oxidative stress, autophagy and pyroptosis. In vitro, HK‐2 cells with PM2.5‐stimulation exhibit tubulopathy, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activated pyroptosis and autophagy. All changes are abolished by ROS scavenger of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, the study provides evidence showing that PM2.5 exposure is associated with 5 kinds of kidney diseases by directly inducing nephrotoxicity, in which ROS may be the potential target by triggering autophagy and pyroptosis.

IntroductionThis work employs a coupled evaluation model that integrates deterministic coefficients with the Analytic Hierarchy Process to conduct a comprehensive assessment of geological disaster susceptibility in Shenzhen Town, Ninghai County.MethodsCascading geological disasters induced by typhoons and rainfall in the southeast coastal area of China are a major concern and cause huge losses of life and property every year. To effectively prevent and mitigate such disasters, it is necessary to evaluate the susceptibility of geological disasters. Taking geological disasters in Shenzhen Town, Ninghai County as the research object, eight influencing factors in terms of topographic and geomorphological conditions, engineering geological conditions, and human activities were selected based on the geographic information platform (GIS) in this work. The coupling model of the certainty factor model and analytic hierarchy process method was used to evaluate the susceptibility of geological hazards in the study area.ResultsThe evaluation results illustrate that the coupling model can accurately and objectively assess the susceptibility of geological hazards in this region, with a high evaluation accuracy of 80.8%. The susceptibility is greatly affected by slope, stratigraphic lithology, and human activities. The areas with extraordinarily high and high susceptibility were identified in the northwestern part of the study, where the ignimbrite is exposed in the steep topography.DiscussionThe research method provides a reference for evaluating the susceptibility of geological hazards in the southeastern coastal region of China, and the evaluation results can provide recommendations for decision-making on disaster prevention and mitigation in this region.

BackgroundThe majority of elderly individuals prefer to spend their final days in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). ICU nurses are key providers in hospice care, and their attitudes toward death influence the quality of end-of-life nursing. Positive psychology emphasizes promoting positive attitudes toward death. A sense of meaning in life and resilience are critical aspects of positive psychology, which are essential for shaping ICU nurses’ attitudes toward death.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate whether a sense of meaning in life indirectly affects attitudes toward death through the mediation of resilience.MethodA total of 212 ICU nurses from four tertiary general hospitals in Guangdong and Fujian provinces, China, participated in this study. They completed an online questionnaire, including the Death Attitude Profile-Revised, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the China Meaning in Life Questionnaire for ICU nurses.ResultsICU nurses scored highest in natural acceptance (3.26 ± 0.53), followed by escaping acceptance (2.54 ± 0.59), and fear of death (2.53 ± 0.78). The proposed model fit the data well. Both the presence of meaning and the search for meaning were positive predictors of resilience (β = 0.313, p

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide, with myocardial infarction (MI) being the primary contributor to mortality and disability associated with CVD. Reperfusion therapies are widely recognized as effective strategies for treating MI. However, while intended to restore blood flow, the reperfusion processes paradoxically initiate a series of pathophysiological events that worsen myocardial injury, resulting in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Therefore, there is a pressing need for new treatment strategies to reduce the size of MI and enhance cardiac function post-infarction. Macrophages are crucial for maintaining homeostasis and mitigating undesirable remodeling following MI. Extensive research has established a strong link between cellular metabolism and macrophage function. In the context of MI, macrophages undergo adaptive metabolic reprogramming to mount an immune response. Moreover, mitochondrial metabolism in macrophages is evident, leading to significant changes in their metabolism. Therefore, we need to delve deeper into summarizing and understanding the relationship and role between mitochondrial metabolism and macrophage phenotype, and summarize existing treatment methods. In this review, we explore the role of mitochondria in shaping the macrophage phenotype and function. Additionally, we summarize current therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating mitochondrial metabolism of macrophages, which may offer new insights treating of MI.

ABSTRACT To delve deeper into the phylogenetic relationships within Cicadellidae and the taxonomic arrangement of Evacanthinae, our study focuses on the mitochondrial genome sequencing of five Nivanini species: Extensus latus, Concavepiana hamulusa, Sophonia nigrilineata, Sophonia microstaina, and Sophonia fuscomarginata. The results showed that the length of the five mitochondrial genomes ranged from 15,610 to 16,032 bp and included 37 typical genes. The A + T content of Nivanini ranged from 72.5% to 78.7%, which is consistent with that of other sequenced Evacanthinae species. All transfer RNAs (tRNAs) exhibit the typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for trnS (AGY), which lacks the dihydrouracil (DHU) arm. With regard to protein‐coding genes, all started with ATN codons, except for atp8, and most of them use TAA or TAG as termination codons. Using the Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods, a phylogenetic tree based on all 37 genes was constructed, with a total of 57 Cicadellidae species and two outgroups included as research objects. The analyses confirmed the monophyletic nature of each subfamily, highlighting Deltocephalinae as the oldest, distinctively parallel to the others.

Introduction With a precarious economic outlook and increasing income volatility in current times, understanding the association between negative income shock and health is crucial. However, few studies have examined such associations in developing countries. Using data from China, this study aimed to examine associations of both serial absolute income drops and relative income trajectory and mortality.Methods We included 4757 participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, a large prospective cohort study. Data between 1989 and 1997 were used to define income drops and relative income trajectories. We defined income drop as a decrease of ≥50% between two consecutive interviews and defined relative income trajectory using a latent class model. All-cause mortality between 2000 and 2015 was ascertained by participants’ family members.Results A total of 2066 (43.43%) experienced 1 income drop and 477 (10.03%) experienced ≥2 income drops. A total of 535 deaths occurred (incidence rate 8.88 per 1000 person-years). Income drops were associated with a greater risk of mortality after adjusting for baseline income, comorbidities, sociodemographic and behavioural factors (HR 1.42 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.93) for ≥2 income drops vs no income drop). The downshift in relative income was also associated with increased mortality risk (HR 3.61 (95% CI 1.45 to 8.96) for always low; HR 3.36 (95% CI 1.36 to 8.32) for decreasing; HR 2.92 (95% CI 1.14 to 7.51) for increasing vs always high relative income). The associations between income drops and mortality were observed only among individuals with low wealth and low household income.Conclusion In a large sample of the Chinese population with repeated income measurement and over 14 years of follow-up, both serial absolute income drops and a downward relative income trajectory were associated with higher risks of mortality in China. Priority should be given to policies aimed at enhancing resilience against serial income shocks and financial burdens.

Background The process of aging often accompanies a decline in cognitive function, postural control, and gait stability, consequently increasing the susceptibility to falls among older individuals. In response to these challenges, motor-cognitive training has emerged as a potential intervention to mitigate age-related declines. Objective This study aims to assess the acute effects of two distinct motor-cognitive training modalities, treadmill dual-task training (TMDT) and interactive motor-cognitive training (IMCT), on cognitive function, postural control, walking ability, and dual-task performance in the elderly population. Method In this randomized crossover study, 35 healthy elderly individuals (aged 60–75) participated in three acute training sessions involving TMDT, IMCT, and a control reading condition. Assessments of executive function, postural control, gait performance, and cognitive accuracy were conducted both before and after each session. Results Both TMDT and IMCT improved executive functions. Notably, IMCT resulted in a significant enhancement in correct response rates and a reduction in reaction times in the Stroop task (p < 0.05) compared to TMDT and the control condition. IMCT also led to an increase in dual-task gait speed (p < 0.001) and showed a trend towards improved cognitive accuracy (p = 0.07). Conversely, TMDT increased postural sway with eyes open (p = 0.013), indicating a potential detriment to postural control. Conclusion The findings suggest that IMCT holds greater immediate efficacy in enhancing cognitive function and gait stability among older adults compared to TMDT, with a lesser adverse impact on postural control. This underscores the potential of IMCT as a preferred approach for mitigating fall risk and enhancing both cognitive and physical functions in the elderly population.

We report a case of Legionnaires’ disease caused by Legionella bozemanae, which is the first time that L. bozemanae has been isolated from a bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sample from an immunocompromised patient in China. The findings highlight the susceptibility of immunocompromised patients to infections caused by the rare but highly pathogenic L. bozemanae.

Superior soft-magnetic materials are necessary for the development of modern magnetic devices with energy-saving and high-power density requirements. However, improving the magnetism by nanocrystallization always brings about the sacrifice of resistivity, presenting a common trade-off in Fe-based amorphous-nanocrystalline alloys. Here, the comprehensive merits of both superior soft-magnetic properties (high saturation magnetization of 1.81 T and low coercivity of 3.8 A/m) and high resistivity of 117.2 μΩ·cm were obtained by precisely tailoring amorphous-nanocrystalline microstructure close to electrical percolation threshold for a Fe82.5B12P2C1Cu0.5Co2 amorphous alloy. The soft-magnetic properties are attributed to the low magnetic anisotropy stemming from high nuclei number density and ultrafine nanocrystalline grains of 9.2 nm. The high resistivity is associated with the electrical percolation behavior with a nanocrystalline volume threshold of 14.8 % in the composite alloy. The results provide an effective strategy to overcome the trade-off in traditional amorphous-nanocrystalline alloys, significant for applications in high-frequency, high-power, and energy-saving devices.

Summary: Cryptorchidism, commonly known as undescended testis, affects 1%–9% of male newborns, posing infertility and testis tumor risks. Despite its prevalence, the detailed pathophysiology underlying male infertility within cryptorchidism remains unclear. Here, we profile and analyze 46,644 single-cell transcriptomes from individual testicular cells obtained from adult males diagnosed with cryptorchidism and healthy controls. Spermatogenesis compromise in cryptorchidism links primarily to spermatogonium self-renewal and differentiation dysfunctions. We illuminate the involvement of testicular somatic cells, including immune cells, thereby unveiling the activation and degranulation of mast cells in cryptorchidism. Mast cells are identified as contributors to interstitial fibrosis via transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and cathepsin G secretion. Furthermore, significantly increased levels of secretory proteins indicate mast cell activation and testicular fibrosis in the seminal plasma of individuals with cryptorchidism compared to controls. These insights serve as valuable translational references, enriching our comprehension of testicular pathogenesis and informing more precise diagnosis and targeted therapeutic strategies for cryptorchidism.

IntroductionTai Chi Chuan (TCC) is a traditional Chinese mind–body exercise widely adopted in Chinese communities and colleges. However, the mindful essence of TCC is rarely emphasized during popularization. This makes it difficult for beginners to benefit from it. The present study aimed to examine the effects of a Mindfulness-enhanced Tai Chi Chuan (MTCC) intervention, which enhances mindfulness components embedded within TCC, on mental and physical health among beginners.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted with 119 healthy college students new to Tai Chi Chuan training. Participants were assigned to either the MTCC group or the TCC group. Both interventions consisted of 10 weekly 90-min training sessions, with the MTCC group emphasizing and enhancing mindfulness components. Outcome measures included mindfulness, depression, anxiety, stress, and physical fitness, assessed at baseline and post-intervention.ResultsThe results showed that the MTCC group had significantly greater improvements than the TCC group in mindfulness, anxiety, stress, and health—and skill-related physical fitness. There were no significant differences between the two groups in depression.ConclusionThe findings suggest that compared to TCC, MTCC can effectively promote individuals’ physical fitness and provide additional benefits to mental well-being. MTCC can be recommended as an accessible and beneficial intervention for beginners to improve mental health and strengthen their bodies.Clinical review registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2200058175.

An understanding of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) biodistribution profiles is an important element of a preclinical development program. Here, we have developed a radiolabeling strategy utilizing the co-delivery of 125I (non-residualizing) and 111In (residualizing) radionuclide-conjugated AAVs to provide a detailed distribution quantification at tissue level delineating between the cellular internalized AAV (degraded, 111In-125I) and AAV remaining in the extracellular matrix (intact, 125I). This labeling method has been successfully applied to AAV9 and AAV-PHP.eB as tool molecules without altering the physical properties and biological activities of the AAVs. Upon labeling with either of the radioactive probes, these molecules were systemically injected into C57BL/6 mice. The biodistribution results indicate that AAVs, with a fast distribution profile, were mainly located in the extracellular matrix of highly perfused organs such as liver and spleen at early time points, leading to a difference between capsid quantification and vector genome quantification. The results suggest that the 125I-AAV/111In-AAV co-delivery approach offers a robust and efficient analytical strategy to investigate the detailed tissue distribution of AAV vectors, including both vector genome and protein capsids. This novel method has the potential to be applied to capsid optimization, selection, and lead candidate development.

Abstract Background Cotton is globally important crop. Verticillium wilt (VW), caused by Verticillium dahliae, is the most destructive disease in cotton, reducing yield and fiber quality by over 50% of cotton acreage. Breeding resistant cotton cultivars has proven to be an efficient strategy for improving the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae. However, the lack of understanding of the genetic basis of VW resistance may hinder the progress in deploying elite cultivars with proven resistance. Results We planted the VW-resistant Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Zhongzhimian No.2 (ZZM2) in an artificial greenhouse and disease nursery. ZZM2 cotton was subsequently subjected to transcriptome sequencing after Vd991 inoculation (6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post-inoculation). Several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in response to V. dahliae infection, mainly involved in resistance processes, such as flavonoid and terpenoid quinone biosynthesis, plant hormone signaling, MAPK signaling, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and pyruvate metabolism. Compared to the susceptible cultivar Junmian No.1 (J1), oxidoreductase activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were significantly increased in ZZM2. Furthermore, gene silencing of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1), which is involved in the oxidation-reduction process in ZZM2, compromised its resistance to V. dahliae, suggesting that COX1 contributes to VW resistance in ZZM2. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that the G. hirsutum cultivar ZZM2 responds to V. dahliae inoculation through resistance-related processes, especially the oxidation-reduction process. This enhances our understanding of the mechanisms regulating the ZZM2 defense against VW.

In order to investigate the effect of ABP (Agaricus bisporus powder) on the physicochemical properties of yogurt, ABP with different mass fractions (0.0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, 6.0% and 7.5%) was added to yogurt while using yogurt as the raw material, and the rheological and textural properties of yogurt were investigated at different ABP additions. The findings demonstrated that with the addition of ABP at 1.5%, the dynamic viscoelasticity, apparent viscosity, consistency, hardness, and cohesiveness of yogurt were decreased compared with the control group, while the dynamic viscoelasticity, apparent viscosity, consistency, hardness and cohesiveness of yogurt increased with a higher addition of ABP at over 1.5%. Moreover, the scanning electron microscopy results suggested that yogurt with ABP addition at 0.0% and 1.5% showed casein fibrillar network structure with more voids, and with the increase of ABP addition, the voids in the fibrous network were gradually filled by ABP particles, thus forming a dense and continuous spatial structure, which ultimately enhanced the hardness, consistency, and stability of the yogurt. According to the comprehensive analysis, the addition of ABP at 1.5%~3.0% will result in better rheological and textural properties of yogurt. In conclusion, these findings could provide theoretical and data support for the research and development of Agaricus bisporus-flavored dairy products.

Benefiting from the development of Federated Learning (FL) and distributed communication systems, large-scale intelligent applications become possible. Distributed devices not only provide adequate training data, but also cause privacy leakage and energy consumption. How to optimize the energy consumption in distributed communication systems, while ensuring the privacy of users and model accuracy, has become an urgent challenge. In this paper, we define the FL as a 3-layer architecture including users, agents and server. In order to find a balance among model training accuracy, privacy-preserving effect, and energy consumption, we design the training process of FL as game models. We use an extensive game tree to analyze the key elements that influence the players’ decisions in the single game, and then find the incentive mechanism that meet the social norms through the repeated game. The experimental results show that the Nash equilibrium we obtained satisfies the laws of reality, and the proposed incentive mechanism can also promote users to submit high-quality data in FL. Following the multiple rounds of play, the incentive mechanism can help all players find the optimal strategies for energy, privacy, and accuracy of FL in distributed communication systems.

Abstract The pygmy grasshoppers, which belong to the superfamily Tetrigoidea, exhibit remarkable environmental adaptability. However, no study has yet reported a reference genome for this group. In this study, we assembled a high-quality chromosome-scale genome of Eucriotettix oculatus, which survive in the environment heavily polluted by heavy metals, achieved through Illumina and PacBio sequencing, alongside chromosome conformation capture techniques. The resulting genome spans 985.45 Mb across seven chromosomes (range: 71.55 to 266.65 Mb) and features an N50 length of 123.82 Mb. Chr5 is considered to be the single sex chromosome (X). This genome is composed of 46.42% repetitive elements and contains 14,906 predicted protein-coding genes, 91.63% of which are functionally annotated. Decoding the E. oculatus genome not only promotes future studies on environmental adaptation for the pygmy grasshopper, but also provides valuable resources for in-depth investigation on phylogeny, evolution, and behavior of Orthoptera.

Abstract Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a pulmonary vascular disease primarily characterized by progressive pulmonary vascular remodeling in a hypoxic environment, posing a significant clinical challenge. Leveraging data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and human autophagy-specific databases, osteopontin (OPN) emerged as a differentially expressed gene, upregulated in cardiovascular diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Despite this association, the precise mechanism by which OPN regulates autophagy in HPH remains unclear, prompting the focus of this study. Through biosignature analysis, we observed significant alterations in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in PAH-associated autophagy. Subsequently, we utilized an animal model of OPNfl/fl-TAGLN-Cre mice and PASMCs with OPN shRNA to validate these findings. Our results revealed right ventricular hypertrophy and elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension model mice. Notably, these effects were attenuated in conditionally deleted OPN-knockout mice or OPN-silenced hypoxic PASMCs. Furthermore, hypoxic PASMCs with OPN shRNA exhibited increased autophagy compared to those in hypoxia alone. Consistent findings from in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that OPN inhibition during hypoxia reduced PI3K expression while increasing LC3B and Beclin1 expression. Similarly, PASMCs exposed to hypoxia and PI3K inhibitors had higher expression levels of LC3B and Beclin1 and suppressed AKT expression. Based on these findings, our study suggests that OPNfl/fl-TAGLN-Cre effectively alleviates HPH, potentially through OPN-mediated inhibition of autophagy, thereby promoting PASMCs proliferation via the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Consequently, OPN emerges as a novel therapeutic target for HPH.

Objective: To construct a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) knowledge base using knowledge graph based on deep learning methods, and to explore the application of joint models in intelligent question answering systems for TCM. Methods: Textbooks Prescriptions of Chinese Materia Medica and Chinese Materia Medica were applied to construct a comprehensive knowledge graph serving as the foundation for the intelligent question answering system. In the study, a BERT+Slot-Gated (BSG) deep learning model was applied for the identification of TCM entities and question intentions presented by users in their questions. Answers retrieved from the knowledge graph based on the identified entities and intentions were then returned to the user. The Flask framework and BSG model were utilized to develop the intelligent question answering system of TCM. Results: A TCM knowledge map encompassing 3 149 entities and 6 891 relational triples based on the prescriptions and Chinese materia medica was drawn. In the question answering test assisted by a question corpus, the F1 value for recognizing entities when answering 20 types of TCM questions was 0.996 9, and the accuracy rate for identifying intentions was 99.75%. This indicates that the system is both feasible and practical. Users can interact with the system through the WeChat Official Account platform. Conclusion: The BSG model proposed in this paper achieved good results in experiments by increasing the vector dimension, indicating the effectiveness of the joint model method and providing new research ideas for the implementation of intelligent question answering systems in TCM.

Abstract High heterogeneity and complex interactions of malignant cells in breast cancer has been recognized as a driver of cancer progression and therapeutic failure. However, complete understanding of common cancer cell states and their underlying driver factors remain scarce and challenging. Here, we revealed seven consensus cancer cell states recurring cross patients by integrative analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data of breast cancer. The distinct biological functions, the subtype-specific distribution, the potential cells of origin and the interrelation of consensus cancer cell states were systematically elucidated and validated in multiple independent datasets. We further uncovered the internal regulons and external cell components in tumor microenvironments, which contribute to the consensus cancer cell states. Using the state-specific signature, we also inferred the abundance of cells with each consensus cancer cell state by deconvolution of large breast cancer RNA-seq cohorts, revealing the association of immune-related state with better survival. Our study provides new insights for the cancer cell state composition and potential therapeutic strategies of breast cancer.

Abstract The study discussed the effects of different mineral incorporations and the curing time on the strength of modified magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) mortars through mechanical tests, mathematical model analysis and microstructure characterization. Fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), and metakaolin (MK), which exhibit excellent durability and bonding properties, were used to modify the MPC. A quantitative relationship was established between the strength of modified MPC mortars and the mineral incorporation and curing time. First, the strength of each mineral-modified MPC mortar cured in air with different mineral incorporations and curing durations was evaluated. The strengths of MPC mortars containing 10% fly ash, 15% silica fume, and 10% metakaolin—which perform best in their incorporations—were compared to analyze the function of the three minerals. To establish the relationship between strength and mineral incorporation and curing time, three mathematical models, linear model, general nonlinear model, and data distribution shape nonlinear model (DDSNM), are commonly used for material property analysis based on statistics. DDSNM best describes the trend of strength change among the three models and the error is small for three minerals. Based on DDSNM, the influence of various minerals on the strength of MPC mortar was quantitatively evaluated by calculating the variable partial derivatives, and verified by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. MK performs the best in improving the flexural strength performance of MPC, while SF performs the best in the compressive strength. FA-MPC has low sensitivity to dosage fluctuations and is easy to prepare.

Summary: Septic management presented a tremendous challenge due to heterogeneous host responses. We aimed to develop a risk model for early septic stratification based on transcriptomic signature. Here, we combined genes OLAH, LY96, HPGD, and ABLIM1 into a prognostic risk score model, which demonstrated exceptional performance in septic diagnosis (AUC = 0.99–1.00) and prognosis (AUC = 0.61–0.70), outperforming that of Mars and SRS endotypes. Also, the model unveiled immunosuppressive status in high-risk patients and a poor response to hydrocortisone in low-risk individuals. Single-cell transcriptome analysis further elucidated expression patterns and effects of the four genes across immune cell types, illustrating integrated host responses reflected by this model. Upon distinct transcriptional profiles of risk subgroups, we identified fenretinide and meloxicam as therapeutic agents, which significantly improved survival in septic mice models. Our study introduced a risk model that optimized risk stratification and drug repurposing of sepsis, thereby offering a comprehensive management approach.

Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Although immunotherapy, especially tumor vaccines, has made some progress in the treatment of gliomas compared with surgery and radiotherapy. However, the lack of specific or relevant tumor antigens severely limits the further development of tumor vaccines. Here, we report a bio-derived vaccine (TMV@CpG) derived from glioma cell membrane vesicles and carrying TLR9 agonist CpG as adjuvant, which was loaded onto the GelMA microneedle to obtain the microneedle vaccine (MN-TMV@CpG). Microneedle vaccine fully utilize the innate immune cells rich in the skin, inducing stronger cellular immune responses. In subcutaneous tumor models, MN-TMV@CpG reversed the immune-suppressing microenvironment of tumor, and effectively inhibited tumor progression. In an intracranial tumor model, MN-TMV@CpG significantly prolonged the survival duration and induced stronger immune memory responses in tumor bearing mice when combined with anti-PD1 mAb. These results suggest that bio-derived nanovaccines can be used as a potential antitumor immunotherapy strategy.

We obtained Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a peripheral blood sample of a 19-year-old male schizophrenia patient and successfully established induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line using non-integrated reprogramming technology. This cell line possesses the correct karyotype, shape of an embryonic stem cell, the ability to express particular pluripotency markers, and the capacity to differentiate into three germ layers in vitro. This cell line will serve as an in vitro model for upcoming studies on the etiology of schizophrenia and the creation of novel treatment.

Abstract Background In relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a negative prognosis is frequently linked to heightened epigenetic heterogeneity. Chidamide, a selective histone deacetylase inhibitor, shows promise as a targeted therapy for R/R DLBCL by targeting abnormal epigenetic changes associated with poor prognosis. Methods A cohort of 27 ineligible patients with R/R DLBCL participated in an open — label, single — arm study. Chidamide was administered orally at a dose of 30 mg twice weekly for one week during the induction monotherapy phase. The subsequent combination therapy phase involved oral chidamide at a dose of 20 mg twice weekly for two weeks, followed by a one‐week discontinuation period, in conjunction with intravenous R‐GDP every 21 days. Results Among the cohort of 31 patients who underwent screening (median age: 67 years), 27 were ultimately included in the study, with 14 individuals successfully completing six cycles of C‐R‐GDP treatment. The overall best objective response rate was determined to be 79.1% (95% CI: 75.1%–83.3%), comprising a complete response rate of 45.8% (95% CI: 41.6%–49.9%) and a partial response rate of 33.3% (95% CI: 29.3%–37.4%). Within the subgroup of 14 patients who completed the full treatment regimen, the best objective response rate reached 100%, with 71.4% achieving complete response (n = 10) and 28.6% achieving partial response (n = 4). The median follow‐up period for these patients was 17.0 months, ranging from 3.5 to 55 months. Progression‐free survival was 5.9 months and overall survival was 48.3 months. Anemia was the most common adverse event, affecting all patients. Thrombocytopenia led to treatment interruption or dose reduction in 13 patients. Other common adverse events included hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia. Three patients experienced grade 3 pneumonitis and one had grade 3 skin rash. Conclusions Chidamide combined with R‐GDP is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with R/R DLBCL who are not eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation.

The mitochondrial genome is recognized for its utility in insect molecular research, due to its distinctive features, including fast evolutionary rate, low recombination, and maternal inheritance. In this study, we explored the mitochondrial genome in the context of the leafhopper subfamily Evacanthinae, which is significant in the agricultural pest sector due to the direct and indirect damage caused to plants by its species. We present complete mitochondrial genome sequences for three species: Evacanthus bivittatus, Carinata ganga, and Carinata recurvata. Comparative analyses of nucleotide composition, codon usage of protein coding genes (PCGs), nucleotide diversity, transfer RNA secondary structure, and gene overlap were conducted. To understand phylogenetic relationships among species, we constructed phylogenetic trees using nucleotide sequences from the 13 PCGs of the genomes newly sequenced in this study alongside other available leafhopper genome sequences. Phylogenetic analysis supported monophyly of the Evacanthinae subfamily and suggested a close relationship between the Evacanthini and Nirvanini tribes. Our research indicates that anticodon differences in trnS1 are insufficient to serve as taxonomic markers for distinguishing between these two tribes. This study contributes valuable genetic data supporting ongoing investigations into genetic diversity, molecular evolution, and species identification, while laying groundwork for future taxonomic and evolutionary endeavors within Cicadellidae.

PurposeTo develop a combined diagnostic model integrating the subclassification of the 2022 version of the American College of Radiology (ACR) Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) with carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and to validate whether the combined model can offer superior diagnostic efficacy than O-RADS alone in assessing adnexal malignancy risk.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 593 patients with adnexal masses (AMs), and the pathological and clinical data were included. According to the large differences in malignancy risk indices for different image features in O-RADS category 4, the lesions were categorized into groups A and B. A new diagnostic criterion was developed. Lesions identified as category 1, 2, 3, or 4A with a CA125 level below 35 U/ml were classified as benign. Lesions identified as category 4A with a CA125 level more than or equal to 35 U/ml and lesions with a category of 4B and 5 were classified as malignant. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) of O-RADS (v2022), CA125, and the combined model in the diagnosis of AMs were calculated and compared.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy, and AUCs of the combined model were 92.4%, 96.5%, 80.2%, 98.8%, 94.1%, and 0.945, respectively. The specificity, PPV, accuracy, and AUC of the combined model were significantly higher than those of O-RADS alone (all P < 0.01). In addition, both models had acceptable sensitivity and NPV, but there were no significant differences among them (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe combined model integrating O-RADS subclassification with CA125 could improve the specificity and PPV in diagnosing malignant AMs. It could be a valuable tool in the clinical application of risk stratification of AMs.

BackgroundMedical security work for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic and Paralympics faced enormous challenges under COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the mental status of those medical team members to provide a reference for scientifically implementing medical security services for large-scale events.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Psychological Questionnaire for Emergent Events of Public Health (PQEEPH) were administered to 145 members of the medical team. A generalized mixed linear model was used to analyze the impact of work duration, position, on/off rotation, and gender on psychological status.ResultsWork duration significantly impacted depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and all dimensions of PQEEPH. Women scored higher than men in the PQEEPH dimensions of depression, neurasthenia, fear, and total score. Working status affected the dimensions of depression, neurasthenia, and total score. Deterioration in emotional state became apparent in the fourth week and recovered 1 week after the task concluded, while self-efficacy decreased from beginning to end.ConclusionAll the medical team members experienced emotional deterioration and decreased self-efficacy in medical security tasks. To maintain a medical team’s psychological wellbeing during large-scale activities, rotation times should be set reasonably, and adequate mental health services should be provided.

Characterizing the dynamic mechanical properties of spinal cord tissue is deemed important for developing a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms underlying spinal cord injury. However, complex viscoelastic properties are vastly underexplored due to the spinal cord shows heterogeneous properties. To investigate regional differences in the biomechanical properties of spinal cord, we provide a mechanical characterization method (i.e., dynamic mechanical analysis) that facilitates robust measurement of spinal cord ex vivo, at small deformations, in the dynamic regimes. Load-unload cycles were applied to the tissue surface at sinusoidal frequencies of 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 and 1.00 Hz ex vivo within 2 h post mortem. We report the main response features (e.g., nonlinearities, rate dependencies, hysteresis and conditioning) of spinal cord tissue dependent on anatomical origin, and quantify the viscoelastic properties through the measurement of peak force, moduli, and hysteresis and energy loss. For all three anatomical areas (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal cord tissues), the compound, storage, and loss moduli responded similarly to increasing strain rates. Notably, the complex modulus values of ex vivo spinal cord tissue rose nonlinearly with rising test frequency. Additionally, at every strain rate, it was shown that the tissue in the thoracic spinal cord was significantly more rigid than the tissue in the cervical or lumbar spinal cord, with compound modulus values roughly 1.5-times that of the lumbar region. At strain rates between 0.05 and 0.50 Hz, tan δ values for thoracic (that is, 0.26, 0.25, 0.06, respectively) and lumbar (that is, 0.27, 0.25, 0.07, respectively) spinal cord regions were similar, respectively, which were higher than cervical (that is, 0.21, 0.21, 0.04, respectively) region. The conditioning effects tend to be greater at relative higher deformation rates. Interestingly, no marked difference of conditioning ratios is observed among all three anatomical regions, regardless of loading rate. These findings lay a foundation for further comparison between healthy and diseased spinal cord to the future development of spinal cord scaffold and helps to advance our knowledge of neuroscience.

Summary: Background: Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is a potentially fatal adverse event characterized by new pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. This study aims to explore the interplay between lung microbiota, dysregulated metabolites, and host immunity in CIP. Methods: We recruited thirteen hospitalized CIP patients, eleven idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients, and ten new-onset non-small cell lung cancer patients. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The percentages of immune cells were determined using manual counting and flow cytometry. Interactions among microbiota, metabolites, and lymphocytes were analyzed using cultured mouse splenocytes and human T cells. Findings: Proteobacteria emerged as the dominant phylum, notably abundant in both the CIP and IPF groups. Vibrio, Halomonas, Mangrovibacter, and Salinivibrio were the predominant microbiota because of their discriminative abundance patterns. Vibrio (r = 0.72, P-adj = 0.007) and Halomonas (r = 0.65, P-adj = 0.023) demonstrated strong correlations with lymphocytes. Vibrio metschnikovii and Mangrovibacter plantisponsors were more abundant in the CIP group than in the IPF group. Lauroylcarnitine, a key intermediary metabolite co-occurring with the predominant microbiota, exhibited a potent effect on cytokine secretion by mouse and human T cells, notably enhancing IFN-γ and TNF-α production from CD4 and CD8 cells in vitro. Interpretation: Lauroylcarnitine, co-occurring with the predominant lung microbiota in CIP, could activate T cells in vitro. These findings suggest potential involvement of lung microbiota and acylcarnitine metabolism dysregulation in the pathogenesis of CIP. Funding: This work was supported by Peking University People’s Hospital Scientific Research Development Funds (RDJ2022-15) and Provincial Key Clinical Specialty Capacity Building Project 2020 (Department of the Respiratory Medicine).

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been shown to have a close association in previous studies, but their pathogeneses are unclear. This study explores the molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of OSA and NAFLD and identifies key predictive genes.MethodsUsing the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we obtained gene expression profiles GSE38792 for OSA and GSE89632 for NAFLD and related clinical characteristics. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response-related genes (UPRmtRGs) were acquired by collating and collecting UPRmtRGs from the GeneCards database and relevant literature from PubMed. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with OSA and NAFLD were identified using differential expression analysis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was conducted for signaling pathway enrichment analysis of related disease genes. Based on the STRING database, protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed on differentially co-expressed genes (Co-DEGs), and the Cytoscape software (version 3.9.1) was used to visualize the PPI network model. In addition, the GeneMANIA website was used to predict and construct the functional similar genes of the selected Co-DEGs. Key predictor genes were analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.ResultsThe intersection of differentially expressed genes shared between OSA and NAFLD-related gene expression profiles with UPRmtRGs yielded four Co-DEGs: ASS1, HDAC2, SIRT3, and VEGFA. GSEA obtained the relevant enrichment signaling pathways for OSA and NAFLD. PPI network results showed that all four Co-DEGs interacted (except for ASS1 and HDAC2). Ultimately, key predictor genes were selected in the ROC curve, including HDAC2 (OSA: AUC = 0.812; NAFLD: AUC = 0.729), SIRT3 (OSA: AUC = 0.775; NAFLD: AUC = 0.750), and VEGFA (OSA: AUC = 0.812; NAFLD: AUC = 0.861) (they have a high degree of accuracy in predicting whether a subject will develop two diseases).ConclusionIn this study, four co-expression differential genes for OSA and NAFLD were obtained, and they can predict the occurrence of both diseases. Transcriptional mechanisms involved in OSA and NAFLD interactions may be better understood by exploring these key genes. Simultaneously, this study provides potential diagnostic and therapeutic markers for patients with OSA and NAFLD.

The adult mammalian cardiomyocyte has a limited capacity for self-renewal, which leads to the irreversible heart dysfunction and poses a significant threat to myocardial infarction patients. In the past decades, research efforts have been predominantly concentrated on the cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. However, the heart is a complex organ that comprises not only cardiomyocytes but also numerous noncardiomyocyte cells, all playing integral roles in maintaining cardiac function. In addition, cardiomyocytes are exposed to a dynamically changing physical environment that includes oxygen saturation and mechanical forces. Recently, a growing number of studies on myocardial microenvironment in cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration is ongoing. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in myocardial microenvironment, which plays an important role in cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration.

Background: Organophosphate esters (OPEs) and Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants with common exposure sources, leading to their widespread presence in human body. However, evidence on co-exposure to OPEs and PFAS and its impact on cardiovascular-kidney-liver-metabolic biomarkers remains limited. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 467 adults were enrolled from January to May 2022 during physical visits in Shijiazhuang, Hebei province. Eleven types of OPEs and twelves types of PFAS were detected, among which eight OPEs and six PFAS contaminants were detected in more than 60% of plasma samples. Seventeen biomarkers were assessed to comprehensively evaluate the cardiovascular-kidney-liver-metabolic function. Multiple linear regression, multipollutant models with sparse partial least squares, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were applied to examine the associations of individual OPEs and PFAS and their mixtures with organ function and metabolism, respectively. Results: Of the over 400 exposure–outcome associations tested when modelling, we observed robust results across three models that perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxS) was significantly positively associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), and indirect bilirubin (IBIL). Perfluorononanoic acid was significantly associated with decreased AST/ALT and increased very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Besides, perfluorodecanoic acid was correlated with increased high lipoprotein cholesterol and perfluoroundecanoic acid was consistently associated with lower glucose level. BKMR analysis showed that OPEs and PFAS mixtures were positively associated with IBIL and TBIL, among which PFHxS was the main toxic chemicals. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that exposure to OPEs and PFAS, especially PFHxS and PFNA, may disrupt organ function and metabolism in the general population, providing insight into the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of OPEs and PFAS co-exposure and chronic diseases.