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Abstract The mid-Piacenzian warm period (MPWP, ~3.264–3.025 Ma) has gained widespread interest due to its partial analogy with future climate. However, quantitative data–model comparison of East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) precipitation during the MPWP is relatively rare, especially due to problems in decoding the imprint of physical processes to climate signals in the records. In this study, pollen-based precipitation records are reconstructed and compared to the multi-model ensemble mean of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2). We find spatially consistent precipitation increase in most simulations but a spatially divergent change in MPWP records. We reconcile proxy data and simulation by decomposing physical processes that control precipitation. Our results 1) reveal thermodynamic control of an overall enhancement of EASM precipitation and 2) highlight a distinct control of thermodynamic and dynamical processes on increases of tropical and subtropical EASM precipitation, reflecting the two pathways of water vapor supply that enhance EASM precipitation, respectively.

To further strengthen the construction of the basic business system for earthquake disaster defense in Chuzhou city in the new era, enhance the public service capacity for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, and achieve the digital empowerment of smart earthquake prevention and disaster reduction management, Chuzhou Earthquake Agency has launched the construction of the smart earthquake prevention and disaster reduction service platform. This article briefly introduces the main construction content, overall framework，relevant innovation points, and system functions of the smart earthquake prevention and disaster reduction service platform in Chuzhou city. It elaborates the integration of earthquake industry data, the use of advanced technologies such as big data, digital twins to visualize and assist decision-making analysis, and scientifically, systematically, and reasonably building a city level comprehensive intelligent earthquake prevention and disaster reduction service platform that integrates professional data retrieval, decision-making assistance, and public services, realizes digital management of geographic information and earthquake ground and underground spaces, empower the development of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, improves the comprehensive management of earthquake data and innovative application of scenarios, and significantly enhances earthquake disaster risk prevention and control capabilities.

IntroductionWith the widespread use of social media, the behavior and mindset of users have been transformed, leading to a gradual increase in lurking users, which can impede the sustainable development of social media platforms. In this study, we aim to investigate the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors on social media users’ anxiety, social media fatigue, and lurking behavior.MethodologyFor the confirmation of these phenomena and to validate the theories, a structural equation model was constructed based on the SSO (Stressor-Strain-Outcome) theoretical framework. The model was then tested and validated with data from 836 valid online surveys. These data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 24.0 software.ResultsThe results indicate that intrinsic motivations (such as social comparison and privacy concerns) and extrinsic motivations (including information overload, functional overload, and social overload) are positively associated with users’ lurking behavior through the mediating effects of social media fatigue and anxiety. Additionally, for the mediator variables, social media fatigue was found to be positively associated with anxiety.DiscussionThese findings underscore the importance of social media platforms considering both intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors to mitigate user anxiety and social media fatigue. By addressing these factors, platforms can foster user satisfaction and increase engagement, ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of social media platforms.

Population ageing is a significant trend in social development and will remain a fundamental national condition in China for the foreseeable future. Socialized older adults care has become a crucial strategy for China to address population ageing. However, the current levels of acceptance and willingness to seek socialized older adults care among older adults are relatively low. This study focuses on examining how the community environment and services influence older adults people’s willingness to engage in social activities related to older adults care. Using data from the China Longitudinal Ageing Social Survey (CLASS) (N = 9,657), this study investigated the impact of the community service environment on older adults people’s willingness to participate in social activities related to older adults care through a logit model. The study revealed that 9.15% of older adults (N = 9,657) in China are willing to engage in social activities related to older adults care. Furthermore, the individual characteristics and family support of older adults play a significant role in shaping their willingness to engage in older adults care. The provision of medical services, daily care services, and entertainment venues by the community positively influence older adults people’s willingness to participate in social activities related to older adults care (p

Abstract Photocatalytic two-electron oxygen reduction to produce high-value hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is gaining popularity as a promising avenue of research. However, structural evolution mechanisms of catalytically active sites in the entire photosynthetic H2O2 system remains unclear and seriously hinders the development of highly-active and stable H2O2 photocatalysts. Herein, we report a high-loading Ni single-atom photocatalyst for efficient H2O2 synthesis in pure water, achieving an apparent quantum yield of 10.9% at 420 nm and a solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency of 0.82%. Importantly, using in situ synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy we directly observe that initial Ni-N3 sites dynamically transform into high-valent O1-Ni-N2 sites after O2 adsorption and further evolve to form a key *OOH intermediate before finally forming HOO-Ni-N2. Theoretical calculations and experiments further reveal that the evolution of the active sites structure reduces the formation energy barrier of *OOH and suppresses the O=O bond dissociation, leading to improved H2O2 production activity and selectivity.

Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a serious infectious disease and one of the major causes of death in the global pig industry. PRRS virus (PRRSV) strains have complex and diverse genetic characteristics and cross-protection between strains is low, which complicates vaccine selection; thus, the current vaccination strategy has been greatly compromised. Therefore, it is necessary to identify effective natural compounds for the clinical treatment of PRRS. A small molecule library composed of 720 natural compounds was screened in vitro, and we found that Sanggenon C (SC) was amongst the most effective natural compound inhibitors of PRRSV infection. Compared with ribavirin, SC more significantly inhibited PRRSV infection at both the gene and protein levels and reduced the viral titres and levels of protein expression and inflammatory cytokine secretion to more effectively protect cells from PRRSV infection and damage. Mechanistically, SC inhibits activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway by promoting TRAF2 expression, thereby reducing PRRSV replication. In conclusion, by screening natural compounds, we found that SC suppresses PRRSV infection by regulating the TRAF2/NF-κB signalling pathway. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the therapeutic targets and pathogenesis of PRRSV infection. More importantly, our results demonstrate that SC has potential as a candidate for the treatment of PRRS.

Abstract Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a well-established treatment modality for locally advanced breast cancer (BC). However, it can also result in severe toxicities while controlling tumors. Therefore, reliable predictive biomarkers are urgently needed to objectively and accurately predict NAC response. In this study, we integrated single-cell and bulk RNA-seq data to identify nine genes associated with the prognostic response to NAC: NDRG1, CXCL14, HOXB2, NAT1, EVL, FBP1, MAGED2, AR and CIRBP. Furthermore, we constructed a prognostic risk model specifically linked to NAC. The clinical independence and generalizability of this model were effectively demonstrated. Additionally, we explore the underlying cancer hallmarks and microenvironment features of this NAC response-related risk score, and further assess the potential impact of risk score on drug response. In summary, our study constructed and validated a nine-gene signature associated with NAC prognosis, which was accomplished through the integration of single-cell and bulk RNA data. The results of our study are of crucial significance in the prediction of the efficacy of NAC in BC, and may have implications for the clinical management of this disease.

The introduction of rural domestic wastewater treatment (WWT) installations is part of a grand scheme to realise China’s 'ecological civilisation' on Chongming in the Yangtze Delta region. Taking a cultural approach to hydrosocial territoriality, this article examines why this seemingly well-intended welfare intervention is rejected by rural islanders. The introduction of WWT does not only imply an upgrading of rural services, but is also seen as a top-down attempt at reshuffling the hydrosocial territories in which Chongming villages are embedded. Villagers perceive the WWT project as a forerunner of the greater threat of urbanisation and displacement of rural livelihoods, and also express a cultural reaction rooted in alternative rural understandings of landownership and engrained traditions related to water, waste, and soils. Village resistance forces local village cadres to intervene as cultural mediators between the villagers and the state. This moves the village cadres, against their own will, into a prominent position in the hydrosocial network. The article reveals how hydrosocial territories emerge from confrontations between top-down governance reshuffling and bottom-up manoeuvring.

Two questions in the research of animal personality—whether there is a correlation between a personality trait and individual reproductive success, and what is the genetic basis underlying a personality trait—remain unresolved. We addressed these two questions in three shrub-nesting birds, the Azure-winged Magpie (Cyanopica cyanus, AM), White-collared Blackbird (Turdus albocinctus, WB), and Brown-cheeked Laughingthrush (Trochalopteron henrici, BL). The personality type of an individual was first identified according to its response to a territorial intruder. Then, we compared the fleeing distance, breeding parameters, and differential expressed genes (DEGs) in the brain transcriptome between bold and shy breeders. In the three species, bold breeders exhibited more aggressiveness towards an intruder of their territory than did shy breeders. The reproductive success of bold breeders was significantly higher than that of shy breeders in AM but not in WB and BL. The three species shared one DEG, crabp1, which was up-regulated in bold relative to in shy individuals. By regulating the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone, higher crabp1 gene expression can decrease cellular response to retinoic acid. Therefore, bold individuals are insensitive to external stresses and able to exhibit more aggressiveness to intruders than their shier counterparts. Aggressiveness is beneficial to bold individuals in AM but not in WB and BL because the former could evoke neighbors to make the same response of defending against intruders but the latter could not. Although a personality trait may have the same genetic basis across species, its correlation with reproductive success depends largely on the life history style of a species.

Abstract Future projections of southwestern African hydroclimate are highly uncertain. However, insights from past warm climates, like the Pliocene, can reveal mechanisms of future change and help benchmark models. Using leaf wax hydrogen isotopes to reconstruct precipitation (δDp) from Namibia over the past 5 million years, we find a long‐term depletion trend (−50‰). Empirical mode decomposition indicates this trend is linked to sea surface temperatures (SSTs) within the Benguela Upwelling System, but modulated by Indian Ocean SSTs on shorter timescales. The influence of SSTs on reconstructed regional hydroclimate is similar to that observed during modern Benguela Nin∼o events, which bring extreme flooding to the region. Isotope‐enabled simulations and PlioMIP2 results suggest that capturing a Benguela Nin∼o‐like state is key to accurately simulating Pliocene, and future, regional hydroclimate. This has implications for future regional climate, since an increased frequency of Benguela Nin∼os poses risk to the ecosystems and industries in the region.

Different anatomical locations of the body skin show differences in their gene expression patterns depending on different origins, and the inherent heterogeneous information can be maintained in adults. However, highly resolvable cellular specialization is less well characterized in different anatomical regions of the skin. Pig is regarded as an excellent model animal for human skin research in view of its similar physiology to human. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on pig skin tissues from six different anatomical regions of Chenghua (CH) pigs, with a superior skin thickness trait, and the back site of large white (LW) pigs. We obtained 233,715 cells, representing seven cell types, among which we primarily characterized the heterogeneity of the top three cell types, including smooth muscle cells (SMCs), endothelial cells (ECs), and fibroblasts (FBs). Then, we further identified several subtypes of SMCs, ECs, and FBs, and discovered the expression patterns of site-specific genes involved in some important pathways such as the immune response and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in different anatomical regions. By comparing differentially expressed genes of skin FBs among different anatomical regions, we considered TNN, COL11A1, and INHBA as candidate genes for facilitating ECM accumulation. These findings of heterogeneity in the main skin cell types from different anatomical sites will contribute to a better understanding of inherent skin information and place the potential focus on skin generation, transmission, and transplantation, paving the foundation for human skin priming.

Cenozoic landscape evolution of southwestern North America remains debated. Here, the authors reconstruct landscape using 4-D numerical models, which can explain extensional collapse and superficial geological record for the Basin and Range Province

In contrast to future projections, paleoclimate records often find wetter subtropics in tandem with elevated CO2. Here, a compilation of proxies and simulations are used to reveal the climate dynamics and feedbacks responsible for generating wet subtropics during the mid-Pliocene.

Abstract Southwestern North America (SWNA), like many subtropical regions, is predicted to become drier in response to anthropogenic warming. However, during the Pliocene, when carbon dioxide was above pre‐industrial levels, multiple lines of evidence suggest that SWNA was much wetter. While existing explanations for a wet Pliocene invoke increases in winter rain, recent modeling studies hypothesize that summer rain may have also played an important role. Here, we present the first direct evidence for an intensified mid‐Pliocene monsoon in SWNA using leaf wax hydrogen isotopes. These new records provide evidence that the mid‐Pliocene featured an intensified and expanded North American Monsoon. Using proxies and isotope‐enabled model simulations, we show that monsoon intensification is linked to amplified warming on the southern California margin relative to the tropical Pacific. This mechanism has clear relevance for understanding present‐day monsoon variations, since we show that intervals of amplified subtropical warming on the California margin, as are seen during modern California margin heat waves, are associated with a stronger monsoon. Because marine heat waves are predicted to increase in frequency, the future may bring intervals of “Pliocene‐like” rainfall that co‐exist with intensifying megadrought in SWNA, with implications for ecosystems, human infrastructure, and water resources.

The extensive use of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) in aerospace, civil engineering, and other fields has resulted in a significant amount of waste, leading to serious environmental issues. Finding appropriate methods for recycling CFRP waste and effectively reusing recycled carbon fibers (rCFs) has become a challenging task. This paper presents an overview of the current status of CFRP waste and provides a systematic review and analysis of recycling technologies. In addition to discussing mechanical recycling, thermal decomposition, and chemical solvent degradation methods, the organic alkali/organic solvent method for recycling resins is also elucidated. By introducing the recycling conditions and outcomes of the organic alkali/organic solvent method, the study highlights its significance as a reference for carbon fiber recycling. Furthermore, the paper reviews the current state of rCFs utilization based on its application domains, focusing on research advancements in fiber composites and cementitious composites. Based on these findings, the paper summarizes the existing research limitations and identifies specific areas that require further attention in recycling techniques and rCFs utilization. Lastly, this review provides a prospect on the future of recycling and reusing CFRP waste.

A fresh metal-organic framework (MOF) based on the Zn ions as the metal ions has been prepared via the solvothermal method, and its chemical formula is [Zn(byia)(DMF)]·1.5DMF·7H2O (1, byia = 5-(benzimidazol-2-yl) isophthalic acid). It is worth noting that the compound 1 has excellent water stability (which can be maintained in the water for at least a month). Most fascinating, in water, the compound 1 exhibits the strong blue luminescence, which can only be selectively quenched via the contaminant of the Cr2O72– ion. The selective luminescence quenching with low limits of detection and high values of Ksv proved its better sensing property, which can be compared with the contemporary materials. To development new strategy for the sepsis treatment, the biological activity and mechanism of the compound was explored. Firstly, the ELIA detection was performed in this experiment to assess the inhibition of compound against inflammatory factor storm during sepsis. Then, the inflammatory response in the immune cells was assessed by real time RT-PCR.

The pandemic diary on social media is a special form of online communication. Studying individual narratives in social networks during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods can help us generate valuable knowledge about the behaviors of media users and the function of social media in a public health crisis. This research focuses on psychological relief in virtual public spaces and explores how social media individual narratives affect people’s psychological health in a state of emergency from the perspective of narrative theory. Based on 19 in-depth interviews with Chinese diary writers, it has been found that the narrative genres of the pandemic diary were mainly Restitution and Quest narrative, while a few were categorized as “Restrained chaos” narrative. The purpose of editing pandemic diaries is to communicate both inwardly and outwardly. The pandemic diary can promote self-relief, public communication, emotional drive, meaning connection, and identity construction in public spaces, thus helping shape a sense of unity and belonging, and facilitating the psychological reconstruction of people who are vulnerable to potential mental health crises.

Abstract Background Follow-up after curative surgery is increasingly recognized as an important component of breast cancer care. Although current guideline regulates the follow-ups, there are no relevant studies on the adherence to it in China. This study investigated the post-surgery follow-up and explored its association with patients, tumor and treatment characteristics. Methods A total of 711 patients underwent surgical treatment in Shanxi Bethune Hospital from March 2012 to May 2018 were included in this study. Baseline sociodemographic, tumor, and treatment characteristics were obtained from the hospital electronic medical records. The post-surgery follow-up was reviewed and assessed from the patient’s follow-up examination record. Factors associated with the first three-year follow up was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results The annual follow-up rate after surgery decreased gradually from 67.1% at the 1st year, 60.2% at the 3rd year to 51.9% at the 4th year, and 43.5% at the 5th year. Loss of follow-up during the first 3 years after surgery was significantly associated with older age (> 65 years), lower medical insurance coverage, axillary lymph node dissection, and less intensity of systemic treatment. Conclusion A significant downtrend of annual follow-up rate for breast cancer survivors was confirmed in this study. Loss of follow-up within the first 3 years after surgery was associated with both patient’s characteristics and treatment. These results will provide evidence to help clinicians to develop tailored patient management after curative surgery.

In August 2022, Death Valley, the driest place in North America, experienced record flooding from summertime rainfall associated with the North American monsoon (NAM). Given the socioeconomic cost of these type of events, there is a dire need to understand their drivers and future statistics. Existing theory predicts that increases in the intensity of precipitation is a robust response to anthropogenic warming. Paleoclimatic evidence suggests that northeast Pacific (NEP) sea surface temperature (SST) variability could further intensify summertime NAM rainfall over the desert southwest. Drawing on this paleoclimatic evidence, we use historical observations and reanalyzes to test the hypothesis that warm SSTs on the southern California margin are linked to more frequent extreme precipitation events in the NAM domain. We find that summers with above-average coastal SSTs are more favorable to moist convection in the northern edge of the NAM domain (southern California, Arizona, New Mexico, and the southern Great Basin). This is because warmer SSTs drive circulation changes that increase moisture flux into the desert southwest, driving more frequent precipitation extremes and increases in seasonal rainfall totals. These results, which are robust across observational products, establish a linkage between marine and terrestrial extremes, since summers with anomalously warm SSTs on the California margin have been linked to seasonal or multi-year NEP marine heatwaves. However, current generation earth system models (ESMs) struggle to reproduce the observed relationship between coastal SSTs and NAM precipitation. Across models, there is a strong negative relationship between the magnitude of an ESM’s warm SST bias on the California margin and its skill at reproducing the correlation with desert southwest rainfall. Given persistent NEP SST biases in ESMs, our results suggest that efforts to improve representation of climatological SSTs are crucial for accurately predicting future changes in hydroclimate extremes in the desert southwest.

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are individualized, which means that our emotions and behaviors would experience changes of different degrees. These changes have led to subtle connections within the social media context. This study concentrates on pandemic diaries posted on microblog sites during the lockdown period in China and explores the association between gender, emotional valence in diaries, and social media content engagement behaviors. Through computational methods, this study found that males and females tended to present significantly different emotional valence and social media content engagement behaviors. A negative correlation existed between emotional valence and comment behavior in female diary texts. Moreover, the pandemic proximity had a moderating effect on emotional valence and social media content engagement behaviors. This article attempts to explain the emotional and behavioral characteristics related to social media diaries and express concerns for the emotional health of disadvantaged blog users in the severely affected area during the pandemic.

Abstract With CO2 concentrations similar to today (410 ppm), the Pliocene Epoch offers insights into climate changes under a moderately warmer world. Previous work suggested a low zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the tropical Pacific during the Pliocene, the so‐called “permanent El Niño.” Here, we recalculate SSTs using the alkenone proxy and find moderate reductions in both the zonal and meridional SST gradients during the mid‐Piacenzian warm period. These reductions are captured by coupled climate model simulations of the Pliocene, especially those that simulate weaker Walker circulation. We also produce a spatial reconstruction of mid‐Piacenzian warm period Pacific SSTs that closely resembles both Pliocene and future, low‐emissions simulations, a pattern that is, to a first order, diagnostic of weaker Walker circulation. Therefore, Pliocene warmth does not require drastic changes in the climate system—rather, it supports the expectation that the Walker circulation will weaken in the future under higher CO2.

Link data source lack has seriously hampered the research development of competitive information for enterprises based on co-link analysis in recent years, and exploring application and innovation of the new method of URL co-occurrence analysis in enterprises competitive information research is very important to make up for current inadequacy. And exploration on problems such as whether Jaccard handling needs to be conducted on collected data and how the effect is to conduct information research in different methods for data in different handling ways is meaningful to theoretical perfection of competitive information research of enterprises. Non-Jaccard data and Jaccard data are compared with examples of Chinese representative banks based on new methods of URL co-occurrence analysis, and competitive information research of enterprises is conducted in the multidimensional scaling method and social network analysis method; and comprehensive exploration and analysis are conducted from multiperspectives such as gradient grading analysis, recognition of main competitors, and competitive landscape analysis of fine grit. Innovative research competitive information for enterprises based on URL co-occurrence analysis in this thesis effectively makes up for current inadequacy due to link data source lack, and it expands new spaces for competitive information research of enterprises; it is also in research in this thesis that analysis result based on non-Jaccard data is far better than analysis result based on Jaccard data when multidimensional scaling analysis is conducted; analysis result based on non-Jaccard data and analysis result based on Jaccard data uncover competitive information of related enterprises when social network analysis is conducted, and above conclusions in this thesis are all verified and analyzed through example data.

Abstract Three new equilibrium mid‐Pliocene (MP) simulations are implemented with the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) and Community Earth System Model versions 1.2 (CESM1.2) and 2 (CESM2). All simulations are carried out with the same boundary and forcing conditions following the protocol of Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2). These simulations reveal amplified MP climate change relative to the preindustrial going from CCSM4 to CESM2, seen in global and polar averages of surface warming, sea ice reduction in both the Arctic and the Antarctic, and weakened Hadley circulation. The enhanced global mean warming arises from enhanced Earth system sensitivity (ESS) to not only CO2 change but also changes in boundary conditions primarily from vegetation and ice sheets. ESS is amplified by up to 70% in CCSM4 and up to 100% in CESM1.2 and CESM2 relative to the equilibrium climate sensitivity of respective models. Simulations disagree on several climate metrics. Different from CCSM4, both CESM1.2 and CESM2 show reduction of cloud cover, and weakened Walker circulation accompanied by an El Niño‐like mean state of the tropical Pacific in MP simulations relative to the preindustrial. This El Niño‐like mean state is consistent with paleo‐observational sea surface temperatures, suggesting an improvement upon CCSM4. The performances of MP simulations are assessed with a new compilation of observational MP sea surface temperature. The model‐data comparison suggests that CCSM4 is not sensitivity enough to the MP forcings, but CESM2 is likely too sensitive, especially in the tropics.

The reduction of protein translation is a common feature in senescent cells and aging organisms, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we show that both global mRNA translation and mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase activity are declined in a senescent model of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Furthermore, RNA-seq analyses from polysomal versus total mRNA fractions identify TOP-like mRNA of Rps15 whose translation is regulated by mTORC1 during MEF senescence. Overexpression of Rps15 delays MEF senescence, possibly through regulating ribosome maturation. Together, these findings indicate that the activation of mTORC1-Rps15 axis ameliorate senescence by regulating ribosome biogenesis, which may provide further insights into aging research.

Short texts have become a kind of prevalent source of information, and discovering topical information from short text collections is valuable for many applications. Due to the length limitation, conventional topic models based on document-level word co-occurrence information often fail to distill semantically coherent topics from short text collections. On the other hand, word embeddings as a powerful tool have been successfully applied in natural language processing. Word embeddings trained on large corpus are encoded with general semantic and syntactic information of words, and hence they can be leveraged to guide topic modeling for short text collections as supplementary information for sparse co-occurrence patterns. However, word embeddings are trained on large external corpus and the encoded information is not necessarily suitable for training data set of topic models, which is ignored by most existing models. In this article, we propose a novel global and local word embedding-based topic model (GLTM) for short texts. In the GLTM, we train global word embeddings from large external corpus and employ the continuous skip-gram model with negative sampling (SGNS) to obtain local word embeddings. Utilizing both the global and local word embeddings, the GLTM can distill semantic relatedness information between words which can be further leveraged by Gibbs sampler in the inference process to strengthen semantic coherence of topics. Compared with five state-of-the-art short text topic models on four real-world short text collections, the proposed GLTM exhibits the superiority in most cases.

During the manufacturing of mozzarella, cheese curds are heated to the desired stretching temperature traditionally by immersion in water, which influences the curd characteristics before stretching, and consequently the final cheese properties. In this study, cheese curds were immersed in hot water at 60, 70, 80 and 90 °C up to 16 min and the kinetics of mass loss and changes of rheological properties were investigated. The total mass of cooked curds increased up to 10% during the first minute, independent of the temperature, as a consequence of water retention. Fat was the main component lost into the cooking water (w/w), while the concentration of protein increased up to 3.4% (w/w) compared to uncooked curds due to the loss of other components. Curds macrostructure during cooking showed that curds fully fuse at 70 °C/4 min; 80 °C/2 min and 90 °C/1 min, while after intensive cooking (>8 min) they lost the ability to fuse as a consequence of protein contraction and fat loss. Storage modulus, representing the curd strength, was dependent on cooking temperature and positively, and linearly, correlated with curd protein content (21.7–24.9%). This work shows the potential to modify curd composition and structure, which will have consequences for further processing and final product properties.

Abstract Background Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a common uterine cavity disease which can be caused by mechanical damage that may eventually lead to infertility and pregnancy abnormalities. Since the effect of therapeutic drugs appears disappointing, cell therapy has emerged as an alternative choice for endometrium regeneration. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the combination of hydrogel Pluronic F-127 (PF-127), Vitamin C (Vc), and a bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) mixture could be a feasible strategy to improve the endometrial regeneration in a mechanical damage model of IUA in rats. Methods Firstly, PF-127 cytotoxicity and the effect of Vc was tested in vitro using the Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis test, cell count kit (CCK) growth test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For the establishment of the rat IUA model, a 2-mm transverse incision in the uterus was prepared at the upper end, and 1.5- to 2.0-cm endometrial damage was scraped. Rats were randomly assigned to five groups to investigate the combined strategy on IUA uterine regeneration: a sham group, an IUA control group, an IUA BMSC encapsulated in PF-127 plus Vc group, an IUA BMSC plus Vc group, and an IUA PF-127 plus Vc group. A cell mixture was injected into the uterine horn while making the IUA model. Eight weeks after cell transplantation, the rats were sacrificed and the uterine was dissected for analysis. Endometrial thickness, gland number, fibrosis area, and the expression of marker proteins for endometrial membrane were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson’s staining, and immunohistochemistry. Results Vc promoted the survival and health of PF-127-encapsulated BMSCs in vitro. When this combination was transplanted in vivo, the endometrium showed better restoration as the endometrium membrane became thicker and had more glands and less fibrosis areas. The expression of cytokeratin, von Willebrand Factor (vWF), was also restored. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was significantly lower compared with the control group. Conclusions Vc alleviates the cytotoxic effect of PF-127 and promotes cell survival and growth in rat BMSC encapsulation. Thus, a cell therapy strategy containing biomaterial scaffold, BMSCs and the modulatory factor Vc promotes the restoration of damaged IUA endometrium.

Written by a student of osteopathic class, this article sketches the history of the origin and development of osteopethy, and introduces the unity and the natural healing power of the body, the interrelationship between the structure and function, the manual evaluation and treatment methods, and so on. It provides basic understanding on Western osteopethy.

Maternal age is one of the most important factors affecting the success of maternal pregnancy. Uterine aging is the leading cause of pregnancy failure in older women. However, how uterine aging affects uterine receptivity and decidualization is unclear. In this study, naturally aged one‐year‐old female mice were used to investigate effects of maternal age on embryo implantation during early pregnancy. In our study, we found abnormal uterine receptivity in aged mice. Aged mouse uterus indicates a decrease in nuclear LAMIN A, and an increase in PRELAMIN A and PROGERIN. In aged mouse uterus, double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) in cytoplasmic fraction is significantly increased. PROGERIN overexpression in mouse uterine epithelial cells and epithelial organoids leads to nuclear DNA leakage and impaired uterine receptivity. DNase I, DNase II, and TREX1 are obviously reduced in aged mouse uterus. Treatments with foreign DNA or STING agonist significantly downregulate uterine receptivity markers and activate cGAS‐STING pathway. Uterine estrogen (E2) concentration is significantly increased in aged mice. After ovariectomized mice are treated with a high level of E2, there are significant increase of PROGERIN and cytoplasmic DNA, and activation of cGAS‐STING pathway. CD14 is significantly increased in aged uterus. Intrauterine CD14 injection inhibits embryo implantation. In vitro CD14 treatment of cultured epithelial cells or epithelial organoids decreases uterine receptivity. Uterine abnormality in aged mouse can be partially rescued by STING inhibitor. In conclusion, uterine PROGERIN increase in aged mouse uterus results in cytoplasmic DNA accumulation and cGAS‐STING pathway activation. CD14 secretion in aged uterus impairs uterine receptivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the mid-term efficacy and patency rate of TurboHawk peripheral plaque excision system in the treatment of femoral popliteal artery lesions with different Global Limb Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) grades. Methods: The clinical data of 141 patients with femoral popliteal arteriosclerosis obliterans who were treated with TurboHawk from January 2018 to July 2022 in our institution were retrospectively analyzed. There were 109 male patients and 32 female patients. Recordings were made of the patient's symptoms of limb ischemia, technical success rate, primary patency rate of target vessels, ankle brachial index (ABI), GLASS grades, postoperative complications, and a statistical analysis with the patient's preoperative treatment was conducted. Results: All patients had improved limb ischemia symptoms to varying degrees after surgery, with a technical success rate of 100% (femoral artery puncture and superficial femoral artery recanalization) without bleeding, hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula or other complications. The follow-up period was 1-24 months, during which the severity of claudication, resting pain, and toe ulcers significantly improved. The primary patency rate of the target vessel was 98.58% (139/141), and the ABI significantly increased on the second day, three months, and six months after surgery compared to before surgery. No major adverse events were found during follow-up. The patency rates at 1, 6, 12 and 24 months after intervention were 100%, 80%, 75% and 60% respectively. Conclusion: The mid-term efficacy and patency rate of TurboHawk in the treatment of femoral popliteal artery lesions with GLASS I patients have the best mid-term prognosis, the highest mid-term survival rate, and the highest vascular patency. The plaque removal system has proven to be an effective treatment for individual localized chronic total occlusion lesions. Additionally, the TurboHawk system provides a safe and minimally invasive treatment alternative for superficial femoral artery conditions, achieving significant therapeutic results within a brief period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate the effects and mechanisms of physical exercise input, sports emotional intelligence, and sports self-efficacy on exercise adherence, and to examine the chain-mediating role of sports emotional intelligence→sports self-efficacy. Methods: The Physical Exercise Input Scale, Exercise Adherence Scale, Sports Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Sports Self-Efficacy Scale were used to investigate 1390 college students in three universities in the Henan Province. Results: (1) Physical exercise input was a significant positive predictor of exercise adherence (β = 0.29, t = 5.78, p < 0.001); (2) sports emotional intelligence and sports self-efficacy mediated the relationship between physical exercise input and exercise adherence; (3) physical exercise input influenced exercise adherence through the separate mediating role of sports emotional intelligence (β = 0.10, t = 5.98, p < 0.001), the separate mediating role of sports self-efficacy (β = 0.13, t = 2.64, p < 0.01), and the chain mediating role of sports emotional intelligence→sports self-efficacy (β = 0.09, t = 2.80, p < 0.01). Conclusions: (1) Physical exercise input can positively predict the level of sports emotional intelligence and sports self-efficacy of college students; (2) Physical exercise input can not only directly influence college students' exercise adherence but can also indirectly influence it through sports emotional intelligence or sports self-efficacy levels alone, as well as through the chain mediation of the two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early identification of drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is essential to prevent renal damage. The renal tubules are typically the first to exhibit damage, frequently accompanied by changes in renal tubular transporters. With this in mind, we have identified an endogenous substrate of the renal tubular transporters that may serve as a biomarker for early detection of drug-induced AKI. Using gentamicin- and vancomycin-induced AKI models, we found that traumatic acid (TA), an end metabolite, was rapidly increased in both AKI models. TA, a highly albumin-bound compound (96% to 100%), could not be filtered by the glomerulus and was predominantly eliminated by renal tubules via the OAT1, OAT3, OATP4C1, and P-gp transporters. Importantly, there is a correlation between elevated serum TA levels and reduced OAT1 and OAT3 levels. A clinical study showed that serum TA levels rose before an increase in serum creatinine in 13 out of 20 AKI patients in an intensive care unit setting. In addition, there was a notable rise in TA levels in the serum of individuals suffering from nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure, and acute renal failure. These results indicate that the decrease in renal tubular transporter expression during drug-induced AKI leads to an increase in the serum TA level, and the change in TA may serve as a monitor for renal tubular injury. Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a high clinical incidence, and if patients do not receive timely treatment and intervention, it can lead to severe consequences. During AKI, tubular damage is often the primary issue. Endogenous biomarkers of tubular damage are critical for the early diagnosis and treatment of AKI. However, there is currently a lack of reliable endogenous biomarkers for diagnosing tubular damage in clinical practice. Tubular secretion is primarily mediated by renal tubular transporters (channels), which are also impaired during tubular damage. Therefore, we aim to identify endogenous biomarkers of tubular damage from the perspective of renal tubular transporters, providing support for the early detection and intervention of AKI. TA is a substrate of multiple channels, including OAT1, OAT3, OATP4C1, and P-gp, and is primarily secreted by the renal tubules. In the early stages of rat AKI induced by GEN and VCA, serum TA levels are significantly elevated, occurring earlier than the rise in serum creatinine (SCr). Thus, TA is expected to become a potential endogenous biomarker for the early diagnosis of tubular damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, KTaO3 (KTO)-based 5d two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs), characterized by robust spin–orbit coupling, have emerged as promising candidates for future spintronic devices. However, the carrier mobility of KTO-based 2DEGs is typically lower than that of SrTiO3-based 2DEGs, which limits their further development. It is imperative to explore the underlying causes of diminished carrier mobility and devise strategies to augment it. In addition, the genesis of magnetism within KTO-based 2DEGs remains ambiguous. In this study, the 2DEG within the amorphous-EuTiO3/KTO (a-ETO/KTO) heterostructure demonstrates a high electron mobility of 289.1 cm2 V−1 s−1, which exhibits a significant decrease as the film growth temperatures increase. This decrease can be primarily ascribed to electron scattering by impurities, which is induced by the amplified interfacial element interdiffusion at a higher film growth temperature. In addition, the magnetism of 2DEGs for samples grown at different temperatures shows an increasing trend with growth temperatures, which is predominantly derived from the interdiffusion of Eu atoms. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the origin of magnetic ordering and reduced mobility in KTO-based 2DEGs, which will promote the further development of 2DEGs for future applications in electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin Bi films, especially noncentrosymmetric α-phase Bi films (α-Bi), have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their intriguing physical properties such as ferroelectricity, nonlinear optical response, and coherent spin transport. However, the current experimental preparation of α-Bi films still presents substantial challenges, resulting in only isolated α-Bi islands being achieved. In this study, α-Bi/SrTiO3 (α-Bi/STO) was synthesized from a Bi2O2Se/STO (BOS/STO) heterostructure by depositing a Eu layer and reducing a BOS film. The so-formed α-Bi/STO interface features metallic conductivity with electron mobility of 7.7 × 104 cm2/V s and ultralow resistivity of 1 nΩ cm at 2 K, as well as high residual resistance ratios R300 K/R2 K up to 2353. Furthermore, we observed a complex weak antilocalization–weak localization–weak antilocalization crossover with increasing magnetic field at temperatures below 10 K. Our work presents the synthesis of α-Bi films, which could potentially serve as a valuable platform for experimental validation of diverse theoretical predictions associated with α-Bi heterostructures. Furthermore, this special synthesis method provides valuable insights into the preparation of other metastable films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a field stack lighting (FSL) driving method and develops an OLED‐on‐silicon microdisplay with low power. By modulating subfield luminance across time and magnitude, FSL generates linear weights. Compared to the pulse width modulation (PWM), FSL achieves a power reduction of 39.33% and enhances OLED lifetime by 4.2 times. In contrast to analog amplitude modulation (AAM), minimum power reduction of FSL is noted to be 57.15%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]