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Nitrogen oxide‐generating dielectric barrier discharge plasma is shown to effectively inhibit microorganisms and maintain fruit freshness. Physical and biological mechanisms of the plasma‐electrified fungicidal effects suggest that plasma‐generated NO and ONOO− species and other factors are crucial to regulating physiological senescence in citrus fruit while controlling pathogens on their surface. The revealed Physico‐chemical effects explain the observed phenotypic changes and the suppression of surface pathogens, thus providing mechanistic insights into postharvest fruit processing with plasmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma-activated water (PAW) represents a promising green antibacterial agent for biomedical and agricultural applications. In this study, a novel AC multi-needle-to-water discharge device was developed to investigate the effects of gas flow on the generation and chemical composition of PAW. It is shown that the concentrations of and N(III) (and) in the PAW both increased with an extension of the plasma-processing time and a reduction of the gas-flow rate. The absorption of gas-phase products carried by the gas flow from the discharge chamber was found to be beneficial for the generation of both and N(III) in the PAW at a gas flow rate of 20–60 L h−1, yet their concentrations were still lower than those without any feeding gas. As opposed to or N(III), the concentration in the plasma-activated phosphate buffer solution (PAPBS) increased under stronger gas flows and was almost unaffected by absorption in PAPBS. The pH value of PAW increased at higher gas flow rates. A comparison of the N(III) in PAW and PAPBS reflects the effects of the reactions of and in the two different working liquids. To quantify the effects of gas flow on the discharge characteristics, gas temperatures were calculated from the optical emission spectra and were proven to be flow-independent near the discharge channel. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements of the gaseous products during the discharge, and further analysis of possible reaction pathways indicated that by controlling the gas flow in the multi-needle-to-water discharge system, the concentration of long-lived species in PAW could be tuned, which might favor the generation of These findings contribute to a better understanding of effective electric discharge-related mechanisms for enhancing the biochemical and chemical activities of PAW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there is no effective treatment for chronic skin radiation injury, which burdens patients significantly. Previous studies have shown that cold atmospheric plasma has an apparent therapeutic effect on acute and chronic skin injuries in clinical. However, whether CAP is effective for radiation-induced skin injury has not been reported. We created 35Gy X-ray radiation exposure within 3 * 3 cm2 region of the left leg of rats and applied CAP to the wound bed. Wound healing, cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined in vivo or vitro. CAP alleviated radiation-induced skin injury by enhancing proliferation and migration and cellular antioxidant stress and promoting DNA damage repair through regulated nuclear translocation of NRF2. In addition, CAP inhibited the proinflammatory factors' expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and temporarily increased the pro repair factor's expression of IL-6 in irradiated tissues. At the same time, CAP also changed the polarity of macrophages to a repair-promoting phenotype. Our finding suggested that CAP ameliorated radiation-induced skin injury by activating NRF2 and ameliorating the inflammatory response. Our work provided a preliminary theoretical foundation for the clinical administration of CAP in high-dose irradiated skin injury. [Display omitted] • CAP alleviates radiation-induced skin injury. • CAP increased antioxidants through nuclear translocation of NRF2. • CAP ameliorates the inflammatory in irradiated skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]