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This study aims to develop a mathematical model for analyzing Lassa fever transmission dynamics and proposing effective control measures. The stability of the Lassa fever-free equilibrium point is examined and the model's accuracy is assessed using real-world data. Additionally, the parameter values and the basic reproduction number are estimated. A sensitivity analysis is also conducted, which identifies the key drivers influencing transmission dynamics. Moreover, the impact of model parameters on basic reproduction numbers is investigated. Multiple control methodologies including use of Ribavirin, implementing mobile health technology and incorporating natural predators are devised and analyzed using optimal control theory to curtail virus transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lilium, an important ornamental crop, requires genetic and phenotypic assessment in the development of new hybrids. Therefore, genetic (using FISH) and morphological studies were conducted on newly developed hybrids belonging to Lilium genomes (Asiatic, Oriental, longiflorum). Morphological results revealed that all F1 hybrids showed significant differences from one another. Triploid Asiatic hybrids (Brunello × Mapira) showed good phenotypic characteristics and longiflorum hybrids (Bright Tower × Snow Queen) expressed good growth characters. The Brunello × Mapira hybrid was especially superior in root length, number of scales, bulb diameter and bulb weight. Chromosomal studies confirmed that all hybrids were diploid (2x = 24) with 24 chromosomes except the "AA-2" Asiatic hybrid which was triploid (2x = 3x = 36). In our karyotyping results, there was non-significant variation with respect to short arm length and arm length ratio among hybrids, while long arm length and total chromosome length showed significant differences. In the case of 45S signals, the maximum number of 45S rDNAs were found in "Bright Tower × Snow Queen" while the minimum number of 45S signals (2) were found in "Yellow cocotte × Valdisole". 5S signals were similar in all hybrids except triploid Asiatic hybrids. Thus, newly developed young hybrids can be successfully screened using morphological and FISH analysis. FISH karyotyping identified a triploid Asiatic hybrid which was also superior in phenotypic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A panel of forty eight future advanced lines with three productive checks was planted in three divergent trials under normal, drought and heat prone settings. The multivariate technique and stability analysis was subjected on drought and heat adaptive/yield drivers traits. The late phenological traits such as canopy temperature and normalized difference vegetation index at anthesis (CTA and NIA) displayed higher interface proportion with lines as compared to early traits like canopy temperature at booting and normalized difference vegetation index at booting (CTB and NIB). The changes in CTA and NIA effectively represented changes in comparative water gratified (RWG) and yield (YLD) under heat and drought settings, respectively. Dumpy YLD with high RWG and CTA readings, high yield but occurrence of reduced canopy temperature and RWG value demonstrating lines had cooler canopy and water retention were more mutual in normal, drought and then heat settings, correspondingly. The cluster two and four delimited lines with high yield but exposed lesser CTB and CTA values and vice versa for RWG, NIB and NIA. Nine lines were common in all three settings. NIA, RWG and NIB had positive correlation with YLD in heat, drought and normal setting, respectively while CTB and CTA were somewhat negatively linked with yield in entire three settings. In heat CTA and CTB, in drought, RWG and YLD and in normal CTB and YLD was highest discerning while NIB in heat and drought and CTA in normal setting were least discriminating. Nine lines in normal, and eight lines each drought and heat three settings established conquests due to stable climax placed on joined equality lines dispersal on polygon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimal nitrogen nutrition exercises a strong effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and yield attributes. To investigate the possible role of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield contributing attributes of different wheat cultivars, a field experiment was planned on sandy clay loam soil during 2006-07. Three wheat cultivars (As-2002, Bhakar-2002, Inqlab-91) were selected as test crop and were treated with different nitrogen fertilizer inputs viz. (control, 90, 120, 150, 180) kg N ha-1. The results showed that nitrogen fertilization had a significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) on wheat yield and yield components but germination count, and spike length, remained unaffected at varying levels of nitrogen. Among cultivars (As-2002, Bhakar- 2002, Inqlab-91), As-2002 cultivar along with nitrogen treatment 120 kg N ha-1 resulted in maximum grain yield (6353 kg ha-1) and harvest index (43.11%) due to enhanced number of spike bearing tillers (395.3), 1000-grain weight (48.57 g) and photosynthetic active radiation (815.0 g MJ-1). Plant height (92.33 cm), straw yield (9348 kg ha-1), biological yield (15390 kg ha-1) and radiation interception (813.6 g MJ-1) increased with increasing levels of nitrogen application compared to the control, but further increment beyond 120 kg ha-1 in nitrogen input did not affect the yield. The highest mean values of RUE on TDM (18.95 g MJ-1) and grain yield basis (7.91 g MJ-1) were observed when As-2002 cultivar treated with nitrogen level of 120 kg ha-1 and 150 kg ha-1. All the cultivars exhibited poor response when supplemented with 90 kg N ha-1. In conclusion, 120 kg N ha-1 proved to be the best rate for higher grain yield of AS-2002 cultivar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently commercial wheat varieties are losing their resistance to sustain the yield due to impediment of photosynthetic activities in the leaves of wheat plant due to rust attack. However, approval of Subhani-21 by the Government gives new hope to reshape food security to the farmers of irrigated areas of Punjab to enhance wheat yield by tolerance the unexpected disease peril. The genotype of Subhani-21 having parentage of ACHU/SAUAL*2/5/SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD*2/4/KIRITATI was selected in South Asian Bread Wheat Genomic Prediction Yield Trial (SABWGPYT) received from the material of Centro Internationale de Majero Minto Y Trigo (CIMMYT), Mexico during 2015-16 along with other trials/nurseries. The mentioned genotype with the code of HYT 55-33 was evaluated for yield and other traits against national check varieties in regular, provincial and national yield trials conducted at Wheat Research Institute, Faisalabad during 2017-2020. In regular yield trial, this line produced towering yield of 11.29 and 30.04% against check varieties of Faisalabad-08 and Ujala-16, respectively at station yield trials. In provincial uniform wheat yield trial (PUWYT), the proposed line out yielded 1.74% against check variety over 21 locations including rain-fed areas in Punjab. However, for wider adaptability alongwith yield stability testing in national uniform wheat yield trial (NUWYT), the candidate line excelled the check varieties of Faisalabad-08, Pakistan-13 and local check by 0.3, 1.35 and 11.43%, respectively in Punjab during 2018-19. In the second year of NUWYT, the HYT 55-33 (Subhani-21) gave more yield of 5.71, 14.45 and 15.47% than Ghazi-19, Pakistan-13 and local check, respectively over 20 locations in Punjab in 2019-20. Rust resistance index was very good as 8.6 and 6.8 against leaf rust and yellow rust, respectively. This new variety was medium tall (110-115 cm) and without anthocyanin pigment at seedling stage. It took 110-119 days to complete heading while duration to get maturity was medium (145-155 days) and possesses good tillering capacity (400 tillers per m2). Its glume was about 8.60 mm in length and 5.8 mm in width and its attachment was strong. Its test weight (75.7 kg/hl), thousand grain weight (40-50 g), protein content (14-16 %), starch content (53.9 %) and gluten content (32.7%) were recorded appreciable to fulfill the quality standards for wheat grain when compared with the commercial varieties. The yield potential of this new variety (Subhani-21) was declared as 7000 kg/ha. In short, this variety could be sown to get more yield with no disease attack without compromising the yield/nutrition status of produce as compared to local varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first 2-rowed barley variety Sultan-2017 was developed at Wheat Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2019 and released for marginal as well as irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan to replace existing older and rust susceptible barley varieties. The elite genotype was screened-out from International Barley Crossing Block (IBCB) and received from International Center for Agriculture Research and Dry-land Areas (ICARDA) Egypt, during 2008-09 having genetic parentage HML-02/ARABIABIAD//ER/APM/3/ BELFORTBARLEY/CARBEN//MS2375 and pedigree ICB89-0014-5LAP-1AP-0TR-0AP-5AP-0AP-4AP. Further, it was evaluated with a variety code of B-09006 for yield performance in preliminary, regular and provincial uniform barley yield trials during 2010 to 17. It performed better than commercial check variety of Haider-93 by producing 22.12, 38.20, 4.0, 14.8 and 24.82% high grain yield in provincial yield trial during 2012-13, 2013-14, 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively. Its rust resistance was excellent against yellow rust and leaf rust. The stature of this genotype was medium to tall (95 to 105 cm), semi erect in growth habit and medium-length-awned ear with yellowish white in color. Its auricle was not hairy and showed weak anthocyanin pigmentation. It takes 90 to 98 days to complete heading and matures in 140 to 145 days and bears good tillering capacity (157 per meter squar). The seed was amber coloured with good 1000-grain weight i.e. 36.81 g. Its protein content ranged (11.4%) and test weight (58.4 kg/hl) along with opaque seed surface. It produced higher grain yield for consecutive five years (2012 to 2017). The elite genotype (Sultan-17) was approved in 2019 by Punjab Seed Council (PSC) for marginal and irrigated areas of Punjab for general cultivation due to promising stable performance over the years for better grain yield, nutritional quality and resistance against rusts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Akbar-2019 is a new wheat variety released by Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, for irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan to maintain food security through gradually replacement of the existing susceptible cultivars to avoid yield losses due to unexpected disease wave. This genotype BECARD/QUAIU # 1 was selected from 34th ESWYT Trial from CIMMYT, Mexico during 2013-14. It was further evaluated (variety code V-14154) for yield performance in regular, provincial and national uniform wheat yield trials conducted by Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2014-18. It performed better than commercial check varieties Faisalabad-08 and Galaxy-13 by giving 1.44 and 4.28 percent higher grain yield, respectively in provincial uniform wheat yield trials during 2015-16 over 19 locations while in national uniform wheat yield trials (2016-17 and 2017-18) in diverse agro-ecological zones, it beat check variety Fsd-08 by 7.05 and 1.40% better grain yield, respectively. Rust resistance index was very good as 7.42 and 8.97 against yellow rust and leaf rust, respectively. The genotype was medium tall (115-120 cm), semi-erect in growth habit with tapering-shaped head and whitish straw color. It matured in 140-145 days and born good tillering capacity (380-430 tillers/m2). The seed was amber and bold with good 1000-kernel weight of 40-42 grams. Its quality traits were also good for protein (12.5-14.9%), starch (53.7-55.8%), gluten (25.0-30.0%) and test weight (71.4-76.4 kg/ha) alongwith good chapatti making quality. It produced highest grain yields for consecutive three years (2016-17 to 2018-19) while sown during 1st fortnight of November at seed rate of 100 kg/ha and with fertilizer dose of 120-90-60 N-P-K (kg/ha). Akbar-2019 was approved in the year 2019 for general cultivation in irrigated areas of Punjab due to promising stable performance over the years for better grain yield, nutritional quality and resistance against rusts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]