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BACKGROUND: Hypomobility of the cervicothoracic (CT) junction has been suggested neck discomfort as one of its causes.There are, however, few trials that have contrasted the impact of CT junction mobilisation against a successful neck pain intervention. The treatment of distant spinal segments using thoracic spine manipulation is non-specific and is founded on the notion of interregional reliance.Recent studies have examined the usefulness of segment-specific spinal mobilisation in the cervical spine, although no firm findings could be drawn from earlier research. The aforementioned factors call for research into the effectiveness of a particular CT junction mobilisation vs a general thoracic manipulation intervention in neck discomfort. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Participants in a randomised clinical trial with mechanical neck soreness and Cervicothoracic junction dysfunction were randomly assigned to the mid-thoracic (T3-T6) manipulation group or the C7-T1 stage Maitland mobilisation group. The results of the cervical flexion, extension, facet flexion, and rotation degrees of movement (ROM) before and after the intervention have been measured the use of a cervical range of motion (CROM) device. The severity of self-stated ache become measured using the numerical pain score scale (NPRS). After the intervention, a one-way ANCOVA was used to evaluate the outcomes. RESULTS: For the study, 48 individuals have been enrolled, with a median age of 36.Forty eight±12.Forty eight for the thoracic manipulation organization and 34.25± 12.24 for the CT junction organization. After treatment, there were no discernible differences in cervical variety of movement (ROM) or self-said ache depth among thegroups (p-value = 0.07, 0.96, 003, 0.Forty, 0.30, 0.31 for flexion, extension, bilateralside bending, and rotation, respectively), nor in neck pain depth (p = 0.67). The cervical ROM and pain, however, extensively stepped forward in both businesses whilst in comparison within-institution, pre- and post. CONCLUSION: This preliminary investigation showed that thoracic manipulation had the same effects on the outcomes of cervical range of motion and neck discomfort as level-specific Cervicothoracic mobilisation in patients with non-specific neck pain when it was compared to remote mid-thoracic manipulation. KEYWORDS: Cervicothoracic Mobilization, Thoracic manipulation, Non-specific neck pain, ROM, mechanical neck pain

Neck pain is the most common complaint and Cervical pain is more common in middle-aged women than in males. The most prevalent reason for patients to seek medical attention is neck pain. Objective: To identify the effectiveness of stretching and muscle energy techniques along with mobilization of cervical segment in the management of upper cross syndrome.Methods: The randomized controlled experiment took place from August 2018 to January 2019 at Benazir Bhutto Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Centre in Pakistan (Rawalpindi) and included patients with upper cross syndrome that were randomly consigned to two equal groups using a lottery system. The Group-A patients management is eccentric muscular energy therapy with cervical segmental mobilization, although Group-B patients treatment protocol is static stretching exercises accompanied by segmental mobilization of cervical spine . Each patient received two sessions each week for three weeks, during which their visual analogue scale, and neck disability index were measured. An inclinometer was used to measure the cervical passive range of motion. Data was collected at the commencement of the study and again after three weeks of treatment. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data. Results: Twenty (20%) of the 40 individuals were in each of the two groups. The average age in Group-A was 42.7511.13 years. It remained 40.509.14 years in Group-B. On all metrics, the eccentric muscular energy technique and static stretching approach equally demonstrated substantial results that is P Value is less than 0.05.Conclusion: Both approaches were shown to be equally successful in lowering neck impairment, enhancing cervical range of motion, and decreasing pain

Objective: Determine the prevalence of alexithymia and its relationship with smartphone addiction and physical activity among university students of Islamabad. Methods: In this cross sectional study, a 20 item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Smartphone Addiction Scale-Long version (SAS-LV), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short form (IPAQ-SF) were administered to 377 students from 6 universities of Islamabad using convenient sampling technique and the data was analyzed through statistical package for social sciences 26. Results: Alexithymia was present in 29.7% of university students and it was positively correlated with smartphone addiction but not significantly associated with physical activity. The two factors in the subscales of alexithymia DIF and DDF were positively correlated with smartphone addiction whereas EOT was not significantly correlated. Moreover, other sociodemographic variables showed a positive relationship with alexithymia: age, gender, satisfaction with life and residential status. Practical implications: This study would increase the awareness about alexithymia and its associated factors in the local community which would further steer direction to seek help from healthcare practitioners. Conclusion: More than 1/4rth of the university students were suffering from alexithymia and the score of alexithymia increased with level of smartphone addiction. Keywords: Alexithymia, University students, Islamabad, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Long version, International Physical activity questionnaire.

The objective was to determine the prevalence of lower back pain (LBP) and comparison of lower back pain among surgeons of different specialties. METHODS: For this research 100 surgeons sample size was estimated. A self-prepared questionnaire having 25 items was distributed in respondents to gather data about the prevalence of lower back pain in surgeons of different specialties. Using SPSS V-19 data was analyzed having quantitative and qualitative variables. RESULT: It was noted that out of 10, general (4), cardiac (2), plastic (2), ENT(4), trauma(6), pediatric(4), and orthopedic(7), neuro (2), urology(2) and gynecology (6) specialty felt lower back pain during surgeries. Out of 100 surgeons of diverse specialty 43 surgeons have lower back pain during the surgery. Out of 100 diverse specialty surgeons’ 25 surgeons have LBP in region of lumbar, thoracic region (2 surgeons) and 29 in their region of lower lumbar. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that Gyne & Obs and ENT surgeons are more prone to lower back pain (LBP) as compare to the surgeons of other specialties. The reason of the lower back pain was tough routine, lengthy standing time during surgeries of patients, adaptation of abnormal postures and due to less rest time.

To find out the effectiveness of soft tissue release of paracervical muscles on the cantho-limbal distance among young adults. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out at Shalamar School of allied health sciences. A sample of 32 of reduced lateral cantho-limbal distance and neck pain was taken. A purposive sampling technique was used. Pre-test Cantho-limbal distance was measured by ABN tape in mm then technique of ischemic compression followed by stretching was applied and post-test cantho-limbal distance was a measure. Results: Results show that the cantho-limbal distance before treatment was 7.38±0.98mm and after treatment, it increases to 10.06±0.88mm. The difference between the effect of pre and post-treatment on cantho-limbal distance was statistically significant (p-value

Musculoskeletal pain and abnormal postural change is very common among school going students. The prevalence is also high in madrassa students. Their number increase because of bad posture, prolong sitting and repetitive movement. Objective: The objective of the study was to find the frequency of pain in cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine and postural abnormalities occurring in madrassa students. Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study which was conducted from 15th February 2016 to 28th June 2016 at different madrassa’s of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. This include: Madrassa Zia-ul-Quran, Shah Khalid Colony Rawalpindi, DarulSufah Faisal Colony Rawalpindi, Madrassa Hazrat Abdullah bin Abbas(R.A) Islamabad, Madrassa Hazrat Salman Pharsi(R.A) DhokMangtal, Rawalpindi, Madrassa Abdullah bin Umar (R.A) Jinnah Garden, Phase I, Islamabad, Madrassa KhadijahtulQubra, Khayaban-e-Sirsyed, Rawalpindi, JamyaAmna Zia ulBinat, Railway scheme 7, Rawalpindi. A sample of 205 male and female madrassa students (age 10-17year) was recruited through convenient sampling. The inclusion criteria was both gender, male & female, Age; 10-17, only madrassa students, exclusion criteria was, students above the age of 17 years, students under 10 year of age, children with poliomyelitis, active tuberculosis, neurological problems, congenital deformities Normal posture and pain was assessed by Adam’s bend test and Numeric pain rating scale (NRPS). Later the data was analyzed through SPSS 17. Result: A total sample size of 205 was selected in which 61% were male students and 39% were female students. The mean age of the madrassa students is 13.19±2.06 of which 12.98±2.00 male and 13.51±2.14.Out of 205(100%) madrassa students 74.6% madrassa students have pain, most of them have moderate intensity of pain 55.6% and 12.7% have severe intensity of pain and 25.4% madrassa students have no pain. 78.5% of the madrassa students were sitting with low level of desk and 21.5% with appropriate leveled height of the desk. Only 6.8% of madrassa students have activity restriction due to pain. Forward head posture is present in 37.1% of madrassa students and absent in 62.9% of the students out of 100%. 36.6% of madrassa students presents with rounded shoulders. Out of 100% of madrassa students 36.1% of madrassa students have increased thoracic kyphotic and lumber Lordotic curve.In 11.7% of the madrassa students Adams forward bending test for scoliosis came positive and negative in 88.3% of the madrassa students. Conclusion: It is concluded that the cervical and lumber pain is more prevalent in madrassa students and some of the students show increased kyphotic and lordotic curves which is correlated with long periods of sitting for recitation in forward flexion of head, neck, and back and poor posture maintenance.

To determine the relationship of cardiorespiratory endurance on job performance in educational sectors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using non probability sampling technique on a sample size of 90 participants. Sample was taken from University of Lahore Gujrat campus. The duration of the study was from July- Septempter2019.Cardiac endurance was assessed by 3-minute step test technique. Job performance of participants was analyzed by work performance questionnaire. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Chi square and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data. Results: A sample sizeof 90 participants was taken. Result showed that job performance of most workers in a job similar to yours associated with pulse status with p value 0.007 which was ≤0.05 which shows that it is significant. Spearman correlation was -.283 indicates weak and inverse relationship between both variables. The result of job performance over past year or two associated with pulse status has p value 0.00 which was ≤0.05 which shows that result is significant. Spearman correlation was -.483 indicates weak and inverse relationship between both variables. The result of overall performance on the day you work during the past 7 days associated with pulse status has p value 0.001 which was ≤0.05 which shows that it is significant. Spearman correlation was -.337 indicates weak and inverse relationship between both variables. Conclusions: This research concluded that work performance, absenteeism, mental health and work productivity is significantly affected by cardiorespiratory endurance on faculty in educational sectors. Cardiorespiratory endurance should be increased for overall health because due to decreased cardiorespiratory endurance person will be more predisposed to heart and related other diseases which will eventually leads to more absenteeism and poor job performance.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus were define by WHO (world health organization) that “It is a metabolic syndrome which is characterized by prolonged increase in blood glucose level due to any abnormality in insulin action or release of insulin. It is also known as noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)”According to American diabetic Association (ADA) in 2004, the symptoms of long term increase glucose level in blood includes frequent urination, increase thirst, excessive hunger and blurry sight. Methodos: Quasi Experimental study design without control group,the duration for the study was 4 months.The study was conducted at Physiotherapy Department, Ghurki trust and teaching hospital. Blood glucose level, Glucose meter and treadmill runningwere outcome measures. Convenient sampling technique was used, 42 subjects were included in study. They were recruited from Ghurki Trust and Teaching Hospital. Diagnosed patients of diabetes mellitus type 2 were eligible. Patients, who fulfil the inclusion criteria, were interviewed and examined by the diabetic clinician in Ghurki trust and teaching hospital. By using convenient sampling method the subject was selected to perform the task. The experimental procedure last for half an hour includes 5 minutes warm up 20 minutes treadmill run and 5 minutes of cool down. In warm up and cool down period mild stretching exercise, active ROM and breathing exercise for 5 minutes Selected Individuals was run on treadmill at a speed of 8km/hour (5miles per hour) for 20 minutes after doing warm up exercise. Conclusion: The aerobic exercise intervention is an effective tool to control the noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus as it lower the blood glucose level but exercise must be performed regularly to have good results. Most of the patients with controlled diabetes are able to perform aerobic exercise safely as long as some precautionary measure is taken. Increase physical activity is a key for good health in patients with type 2 diabetes

The study explores the phenomenon of street harassment and its socio-psychological implications on women living in the capital city of Islamabad, Pakistan. Street harassment represents a form of gender violence that violates human dignity by making the female victims feel vulnerable and insecure in public spaces. The findings have been compiled on the basis of empirical analyses of the views of 200 female students from eight different universities of Islamabad, Pakistan. The study reveals that objectification, street harassment and abuse are incontrovertible parts of women’s lives in Pakistan. Despite constituting more than half of the population in the Pakistan, women continue to live in a patriarchal milieu that thrives on harassment, discrimination and oppression against them in both public and private spheres. The study concludes that the menace of street harassment entails devastating emotional, physical and psychological impacts and recommends that policy interventions be undertaken to curb this heinous act perpetrated against women.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) exhibit exceptional properties which can be utilized in various aspects of biological sciences. In this experiment we investigated the anti-gout effectiveness of FeO-NPs in mice. BALB/c mice were induced gouty arthritis by administering monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. These gout induced mice were treated with three different concentrations of FeO-NPs (5 ppm, 10 ppm and 20 ppm). Precipitation method was utilized for the synthesis of FeO-NPs, these synthesized NPs were of average 54 nm in size and were characterized using XRD, SEM and EDS. FeO-NPs is given orally three weeks by using FeO-NPs solution to substitute drinking water. Blood biochemical parameters including liver function tests (LFTs), renal function tests (RFTs), lipid profile and blood count have been tested. It has been found that uric acid, blood urea and creatinine have decreased significantly after three weeks of FeO-NP administration (P Value

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain various bioactive molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, and play a key role in the regulation of cancer progression. Furthermore, cancer-associated EVs carry specific biomarkers and can be used in liquid biopsy for cancer detection. However, it is still technically challenging and time consuming to detect or isolate cancer-associated EVs from complex biofluids (e.g., blood). Here, a novel EV-capture strategy based on dip-pen nanolithography generated microarrays of supported lipid membranes is presented. These arrays carry specific antibodies recognizing EV- and cancer-specific surface biomarkers, enabling highly selective and efficient capture. Importantly, it is shown that the nucleic acid cargo of captured EVs is retained on the lipid array, providing the potential for downstream analysis. Finally, the feasibility of EV capture from patient sera is demonstrated. The demonstrated platform offers rapid capture, high specificity, and sensitivity, with only a small need in analyte volume and without additional purification steps. The platform is applied in context of cancer-associated EVs, but it can easily be adapted to other diagnostic EV targets by use of corresponding antibodies.