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1. DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9

Author

Humphray, S. J., Oliver, K., Hunt, A. R., Plumb, R. W., Loveland, J. E., Howe, K. L., Andrews, T. D., Searle, S., Hunt, S. E., Scott, C. E., Jones, M. C., Ainscough, R., Almeida, J. P., Ambrose, K. D., Ashwell, R. I. S., Babbage, A. K., Babbage, S., Bagguley, C. L., Bailey, J., Banerjee, R., Barker, D. J., Barlow, K. F., Bates, K., Beasley, H., Beasley, O., Bird, C. P., Bray-Allen, S., Brown, A. J., Brown, J. Y., Burford, D., Burrill, W., Burton, J., Carder, C., Carter, N. P., Chapman, J. C., Chen, Y., Clarke, G., Clark, S. Y., Clee, C. M., Clegg, S., Collier, R. E., Corby, N., Crosier, M., Cummings, A. T., Davies, J., Dhami, P., Dunn, M., Dutta, I., Dyer, L. W., Earthrowl, M. E., Faulkner, L., Fleming, C. J., Frankish, A., Frankland, J. A., French, L., Fricker, D. G., Garner, P., Garnett, J., Ghori, J., Gilbert, J. G. R., Glison, C., Grafham, D. V., Gribble, S., Griffiths, C., Griffiths-Jones, S., Grocock, R., Guy, J., Hall, R. E., Hammond, S., Harley, J. L., Harrison, E. S. I., Hart, E. A., Heath, P. D., Henderson, C. D., Hopkins, B. L., Howard, P. J., Howden, P. J., Huckle, E., Johnson, C., Johnson, D., Joy, A. A., Kay, M., Keenan, S., Kershaw, J. K., Kimberley, A. M., King, A., Knights, A., Laird, G. K., Langford, C., Lawlor, S., Leongamornlert, D. A., Leversha, M., Lloyd, C., Lloyd, D. M., Lovell, J., Martin, S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi, M., Matthews, L., McLaren, S., McLay, K. E., McMurray, A., Milne, S., Nickerson, T., Nisbett, J., Nordsiek, G., Pearce, A. V., Peck, A. I., Porter, K. M., Pandian, R., Pelan, S., Phillimore, B., Povey, S., Ramsey, Y., Rand, V., Scharfe, M., Sehra, H. K., Shownkeen, R., Sims, S. K., Skuce, C. D., Smith, M., Steward, C. A., Swarbreck, D., Sycamore, N., Tester, J., Thorpe, A., Tracey, A., Tromans, A., Thomas, D. W., Wall, M., Wallis, J. M., West, A. P., Whitehead, S. L., Willey, D. L., Williams, S. A., Wilming, L., Wray, P. W., Young, L., Ashurst, J. L., Coulson, A., Blocker, H., Durbin, R., Sulston, J. E., Hubbard, T., Jackson, M. J., Bentley, D. R., Beck, S., Rogers, J., and Dunham, I.

Abstract

Author(s): S. J. Humphray (corresponding author) [1]; K. Oliver [1]; A. R. Hunt [1]; R. W. Plumb [1]; J. E. Loveland [1]; K. L. Howe [1]; T. D. Andrews [1]; [...]

Published
2004
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2. The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6

Author

Mungall, A. J., Palmer, S. A., Sims, S. K., Edwards, C. A., Ashurst, J. L., Wilming, L., Jones, M. C., Horton, R., Hunt, S. E., Scott, C. E., Gilbert, J. G. R., Clamp, M. E., Bethel, G., Milne, S., Ainscough, R., Almeida, J. P., Ambrose, K. D., Andrews, T. D., Ashwell, R. I. S., Babbage, A. K., Bagguley, C. L., Bailey, J., Banerjee, R., Barker, D. J., Barlow, K. F., Bates, K., Beare, D. M., Beasley, H., Beasley, O., Bird, C. P., Blakey, S., Bray-Allen, S., Brook, J., Brown, A. J., Brown, J. Y., Burford, D. C., Burrill, W., Burton, J., Carder, C., Carter, N. P., Chapman, J. C., Clark, S. Y., Clark, G., Clee, C. M., Clegg, S., Cobley, V., Collier, R. E., Collins, J. E., Colman, L. K., Corby, N. R., Coville, G. J., Culley, K. M., Dhami, P., Davies, J., Dunn, M., Earthrowl, M. E., Ellington, A. E., Evans, K. A., Faulkner, L., Francis, M. D., Frankish, A., Frankland, J., French, L., Garner, P., Garnett, J., Ghori, M. J. R., Gilby, L. M., Gillson, C. J., Glithero, R. J., Grafham, D. V., Grant, M., Gribble, S., Griffiths, C., Griffiths, M., Hall, R., Halls, K. S., Hammond, S., Harley, J. L., Hart, E. A., Heath, P. D., Heathcott, R., Holmes, S. J., Howden, P. J., Howe, K. L., Howell, G. R., Huckle, E., Humphray, S. J., Humphries, M. D., Hunt, A. R., Johnson, C. M., Joy, A. A., Kay, M., Keenan, S. J., Kimberley, A. M., King, A., Laird, G. K., Langford, C., Lawlor, S., Leongamornlert, D. A., Leversha, M., Lloyd, C. R., Lloyd, D. M., Loveland, J. E., Lovell, J., Martin, S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi, M., Maslen, G. L., Matthews, L., McCann, O. T., McLaren, S. J., McLay, K., McMurray, A., Moore, M. J. F., Mullikin, J. C., Niblett, D., Nickerson, T., Novik, K. L., Oliver, K., Overton-Larty, E. K., Parker, A., Patel, R., Pearce, A. V., Peck, A. I., Phillimore, B., Phillips, S., Plumb, R. W., Porter, K. M., Ramsey, Y., Ranby, S. A., Rice, C. M., Ross, M. T., Searle, S. M., Sehra, H. K., Sheridan, E., Skuce, C. D., Smith, S., Smith, M., Spraggon, L., Squares, S. L., Steward, C. A., Sycamore, N., Tamlyn-Hall, G., Tester, J., Theaker, A. J., Thomas, D. W., Thorpe, A., Tracey, A., Tromans, A., Tubby, B., Wall, M., Wallis, J. M., West, A. P., White, S. S., Whitehead, S. L., Whittaker, H., Wild, A., Willey, D. J., Wilmer, T. E., Wood, J. M., Wray, P. W., Wyatt, J. C., Young, L., Younger, R. M., Bentley, D. R., Coulson, A., Durbin, R., Hubbard, T., Sulston, J. E., Dunham, I., Rogers, J., and Beck, S.

Abstract

Author(s): A. J. Mungall (corresponding author) [1, 2]; S. A. Palmer [1]; S. K. Sims [1]; C. A. Edwards [1]; J. L. Ashurst [1]; L. Wilming [1]; M. C. Jones [...]

Published
2003
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3. The physical maps for sequencing human chromosomes 1, 6, 9, 10, 13, 20 and X

Author

Bentley, D. R., Deloukas, P., Dunham, A., French, L., Gregory, S. G., Humphray, S. J., Mungall, A. J., Ross, M. T., Carter, N. P., Dunham, I., Scott, C. E., Ashcroft, K. J., Atkinson, A. L., Aubin, K., Beare, D. M., Bethel, G., Brady, N., Brook, J. C., Burford, D. C., Burrill, W. D., Burrows, C., Butler, A. P., Carder, C., Catanese, J. J., Clee, C. M., Clegg, S. M., Cobley, V., Coffey, A. J., Cole, C. G., Collins, J. E., Conquer, J. S., Cooper, R. A., Culley, K. M., Dawson, E., Dearden, F. L., Durbin, R. M., de Jong, P. J., Dhami, P. D., Earthrowl, M. E., Edwards, C. A., Evans, R. S., Gillson, C. J., Ghori, J., Green, L., Gwilliam, R., Halls, K. S., Hammond, S., Harper, G. L., Heathcott, R. W., Holden, J. L., Holloway, E., Hopkins, B. L., Howard, P. J., Howell, G. R., Huckle, E. J., Hughes, J., Hunt, P. J., Hunt, S. E., Izmajlowicz, M., Jones, C. A., Joseph, S. S., Laird, G., Langford, C. F., Lehvaslaiho, M. H., Leversha, M. A., McCann, O. T., McDonald, L. M., McDowall, J., Maslen, G. L., Mistry, D., Moschonas, N. K., Neocleous, V., Pearson, D. M., Phillips, K. J., Porter, K. M., Prathalingam, S. R., Ramsey, Y. H., Ranby, S. A., Rice, C. M., Rogers, J., Rogers, L. J., Sarafidou, T., Scott, D. J., Sharp, G. J., Shaw-Smith, C. J., Smink, L. J., Soderlund, C., Sotheran, E. C., Steingruher, H. E., Sulston, J. E., Taylor, A., Taylor, R. G., Thorpe, A. A., Tinsley, E., Warry, G. L., Whittaker, A., Whittaker, P., Williams, S. H., Wilmer, T. E., Wooster, R., and Wright, C. L.

Published
2001

4. Knowledge, attitude and factors affecting voluntary HIV counseling and testing services among women of reproductive age group in an Abuja Suburb community, Nigeria

Author

Idris Abdullahi Nasir, Ramsey Y M, Amos D, Emmanuel P O, and N E Bibiana

Abstract

Background: The entry point to prevention, treatment and control measure of HIV infection is Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT). Objective of Study: This study sought to assess the level of awareness, attitude and preception of VCT among women of reproductive age group in passo community, Abuja, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Between 1st May to 31st July of 2017, interviewer-based questionares was used to assess the socio-demographic data, knowledge of VCT, perception and attitude towards utilization of VCT and factors affecting VCT utilization. The community was d ivided into three (3) settlements, each having fifty (50) households, from which one respondent was randomly selected for the study. Results: Seventy (46.7%) of the 150 respondents were aware of VCT; sixty two (62) were not aware and have no knowledge of VCT. There is a significant associtaion between occupation and level of education (p0.05). Ninety persent of the respondents believed VCT is usefull in preventing mother to child transmission of HIV, 116(89.9%) believed its useful to those preparing for marriage, 112 (86.8%) believed VCT is necessary for pregnant women, whil 102 (79.1%) believed VCT is useful to those who need to know their HIV status. Respondents believed that stigmatization and discrimination (87.3%), attitude of health workers administering VCT (78.7%), location of VCT center (76.7%), and doubt about clients'confidentiality (63.3%) are the leading factors affecting VCT utilization. Conclusion: Despite favourable attitude towards VCT by study respondents, majority of them were not aware of VCT. In consideration to factors that may limit VCT utilization by people, it's recommended that mass education of utilization of VCT using appropriate physiological approach be considered by health workers and policy makers.

Published
2018

6. The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22

Author

Dunham, I., primary, Hunt, A. R., additional, Collins, J. E., additional, Bruskiewich, R., additional, Beare, D. M., additional, Clamp, M., additional, Smink, L. J., additional, Ainscough, R., additional, Almeida, J. P., additional, Babbage, A., additional, Bagguley, C., additional, Bailey, J., additional, Barlow, K., additional, Bates, K. N., additional, Beasley, O., additional, Bird, C. P., additional, Blakey, S., additional, Bridgeman, A. M., additional, Buck, D., additional, Burgess, J., additional, Burrill, W. D., additional, Burton, J., additional, Carder, C., additional, Carter, N. P., additional, Chen, Y., additional, Clark, G., additional, Clegg, S. M., additional, Cobley, V., additional, Cole, C. G., additional, Collier, R. E., additional, Connor, R. E., additional, Conroy, D., additional, Corby, N., additional, Coville, G. J., additional, Cox, A. V., additional, Davis, J., additional, Dawson, E., additional, Dhami, P. D., additional, Dockree, C., additional, Dodsworth, S. J., additional, Durbin, R. M., additional, Ellington, A., additional, Evans, K. L., additional, Fey, J. M., additional, Fleming, K., additional, French, L., additional, Garner, A. A., additional, Gilbert, J. G. R., additional, Goward, M. E., additional, Grafham, D., additional, Griffiths, M. N., additional, Hall, C., additional, Hall, R., additional, Hall-Tamlyn, G., additional, Heathcott, R. W., additional, Ho, S., additional, Holmes, S., additional, Hunt, S. E., additional, Jones, M. C., additional, Kershaw, J., additional, Kimberley, A., additional, King, A., additional, Laird, G. K., additional, Langford, C. F., additional, Leversha, M. A., additional, Lloyd, C., additional, Lloyd, D. M., additional, Martyn, I. D., additional, Mashreghi-Mohammadi, M., additional, Matthews, L., additional, McCann, O. T., additional, McClay, J., additional, McLaren, S., additional, McMurray, A. A., additional, Milne, S. A., additional, Mortimore, B. J., additional, Odell, C. N., additional, Pavitt, R., additional, Pearce, A. V., additional, Pearson, D., additional, Phillimore, B. J., additional, Phillips, S. H., additional, Plumb, R. W., additional, Ramsay, H., additional, Ramsey, Y., additional, Rogers, L., additional, Ross, M. T., additional, Scott, C. E., additional, Sehra, H. K., additional, Skuce, C. D., additional, Smalley, S., additional, Smith, M. L., additional, Soderlund, C., additional, Spragon, L., additional, Steward, C. A., additional, Sulston, J. E., additional, Swann, R. M., additional, Vaudin, M., additional, Wall, M., additional, Wallis, J. M., additional, Whiteley, M. N., additional, Willey, D., additional, Williams, L., additional, Williams, S., additional, Williamson, H., additional, Wilmer, T. E., additional, Wilming, L., additional, Wright, C. L., additional, Hubbard, T., additional, Bentley, D. R., additional, Beck, S., additional, Rogers, J., additional, Shimizu, N., additional, Minoshima, S., additional, Kawasaki, K., additional, Sasaki, T., additional, Asakawa, S., additional, Kudoh, J., additional, Shintani, A., additional, Shibuya, K., additional, Yoshizaki, Y., additional, Aoki, N., additional, Mitsuyama, S., additional, Roe, B. A., additional, Chen, F., additional, Chu, L., additional, Crabtree, J., additional, Deschamps, S., additional, Do, A., additional, Do, T., additional, Dorman, A., additional, Fang, F., additional, Fu, Y., additional, Hu, P., additional, Hua, A., additional, Kenton, S., additional, Lai, H., additional, Lao, H. I., additional, Lewis, J., additional, Lewis, S., additional, Lin, S.-P., additional, Loh, P., additional, Malaj, E., additional, Nguyen, T., additional, Pan, H., additional, Phan, S., additional, Qi, S., additional, Qian, Y., additional, Ray, L., additional, Ren, Q., additional, Shaull, S., additional, Sloan, D., additional, Song, L., additional, Wang, Q., additional, Wang, Y., additional, Wang, Z., additional, White, J., additional, Willingham, D., additional, Wu, H., additional, Yao, Z., additional, Zhan, M., additional, Zhang, G., additional, Chissoe, S., additional, Murray, J., additional, Miller, N., additional, Minx, P., additional, Fulton, R., additional, Johnson, D., additional, Bemis, G., additional, Bentley, D., additional, Bradshaw, H., additional, Bourne, S., additional, Cordes, M., additional, Du, Z., additional, Fulton, L., additional, Goela, D., additional, Graves, T., additional, Hawkins, J., additional, Hinds, K., additional, Kemp, K., additional, Latreille, P., additional, Layman, D., additional, Ozersky, P., additional, Rohlfing, T., additional, Scheet, P., additional, Walker, C., additional, Wamsley, A., additional, Wohldmann, P., additional, Pepin, K., additional, Nelson, J., additional, Korf, I., additional, Bedell, J. A., additional, Hillier, L., additional, Mardis, E., additional, Waterston, R., additional, Wilson, R., additional, Emanuel, B. S., additional, Shaikh, T., additional, Kurahashi, H., additional, Saitta, S., additional, Budarf, M. L., additional, McDermid, H. E., additional, Johnson, A., additional, Wong, A. C. C., additional, Morrow, B. E., additional, Edelmann, L., additional, Kim, U. J., additional, Shizuya, H., additional, Simon, M. I., additional, Dumanski, J. P., additional, Peyrard, M., additional, Kedra, D., additional, Seroussi, E., additional, Fransson, I., additional, Tapia, I., additional, Bruder, C. E., additional, and O'Brien, K. P., additional

Published
1999
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7. From Long Range Mapping to Sequence-Ready Contigs on Human Chromosome 6

Author

Mungall, A. J., primary, Humphray, S. J., additional, Ranby, S. A., additional, Edwards, C. A., additional, Heathcott, R. W., additional, Clee, C. M., additional, Holloway, E., additional, Peck, A. I., additional, Harrison, P., additional, Green, L. D., additional, Butler, A. P., additional, Langford, C. F., additional, Gwilliam, R., additional, Huckle, E. J., additional, Baron, L., additional, Smith, A., additional, Leversha, M. A., additional, Ramsey, Y. H., additional, Clegg, S. M., additional, Rice, C. M., additional, Maslen, G. L., additional, Hunt, S. E., additional, Scott, C. E., additional, Soderlund, C. A., additional, Theaker, A. J., additional, Carter, N. P., additional, Ross, M. T., additional, Deloukas, P., additional, Bentley, D. R., additional, and Dunham, I., additional

Published
1997
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9. From Long Range Mapping to Sequence-Ready Contigs on Human Chromosome 6

Author

Mungall, A. J., Humphray, S. J., Ranby, S. A., Edwards, C. A., Heathcott, R. W., Clee, C. M., Holloway, E., Peck, A. I., Harrison, P., Green, L. D., Butler, A. P., Langford, C. F., Gwilliam, R., Huckle, E. J., Baron, L., Smith, A., Leversha, M. A., Ramsey, Y. H., Clegg, S. M., Rice, C. M., Maslen, G. L., Hunt, S. E., Scott, C. E., Soderlund, C. A., Theaker, A. J., Carter, N. P., Ross, M. T., Deloukas, P., Bentley, D. R., and Dunham, I.

Abstract

Our aim is to construct physical clone maps covering those regions of chromosome 6 that are not currently extensively mapped, and use these to determine the DNA sequence of the whole chromosome. The strategy we are following involves establishing a high density framework map of the order of 15 markers per Megabase using radiation hybrid (RH) mapping. The markers are then used to identify large-insert genomic bacterial clones covering the chromosome, which are assembled into sequence-ready contigs by restriction enzyme fingerprinting and sequence tagged site (STS) content analysis. Contig gap closure is performed by walking experiments using STSs developed from the end sequences of the clone inserts.

Published
1997
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11. The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome.

Author

Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ, Scherer S, McLay K, Muzny D, Platzer M, Howell GR, Burrows C, Bird CP, Frankish A, Lovell FL, Howe KL, Ashurst JL, Fulton RS, Sudbrak R, Wen G, Jones MC, Hurles ME, Andrews TD, Scott CE, Searle S, Ramser J, Whittaker A, Deadman R, Carter NP, Hunt SE, Chen R, Cree A, Gunaratne P, Havlak P, Hodgson A, Metzker ML, Richards S, Scott G, Steffen D, Sodergren E, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Ainscough R, Ambrose KD, Ansari-Lari MA, Aradhya S, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Ballabio A, Banerjee R, Barker GE, Barlow KF, Barrett IP, Bates KN, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Beck A, Bethel G, Blechschmidt K, Brady N, Bray-Allen S, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Brown MJ, Bonnin D, Bruford EA, Buhay C, Burch P, Burford D, Burgess J, Burrill W, Burton J, Bye JM, Carder C, Carrel L, Chako J, Chapman JC, Chavez D, Chen E, Chen G, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chinault C, Ciccodicola A, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Clerc-Blankenburg K, Clifford K, Cobley V, Cole CG, Conquer JS, Corby N, Connor RE, David R, Davies J, Davis C, Davis J, Delgado O, Deshazo D, Dhami P, Ding Y, Dinh H, Dodsworth S, Draper H, Dugan-Rocha S, Dunham A, Dunn M, Durbin KJ, Dutta I, Eades T, Ellwood M, Emery-Cohen A, Errington H, Evans KL, Faulkner L, Francis F, Frankland J, Fraser AE, Galgoczy P, Gilbert J, Gill R, Glöckner G, Gregory SG, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gu Y, Gwilliam R, Hamilton C, Hart EA, Hawes A, Heath PD, Heitmann K, Hennig S, Hernandez J, Hinzmann B, Ho S, Hoffs M, Howden PJ, Huckle EJ, Hume J, Hunt PJ, Hunt AR, Isherwood J, Jacob L, Johnson D, Jones S, de Jong PJ, Joseph SS, Keenan S, Kelly S, Kershaw JK, Khan Z, Kioschis P, Klages S, Knights AJ, Kosiura A, Kovar-Smith C, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leversha M, Lewis L, Liu W, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loulseged H, Loveland JE, Lovell JD, Lozado R, Lu J, Lyne R, Ma J, Maheshwari M, Matthews LH, McDowall J, McLaren S, McMurray A, Meidl P, Meitinger T, Milne S, Miner G, Mistry SL, Morgan M, Morris S, Müller I, Mullikin JC, Nguyen N, Nordsiek G, Nyakatura G, O'Dell CN, Okwuonu G, Palmer S, Pandian R, Parker D, Parrish J, Pasternak S, Patel D, Pearce AV, Pearson DM, Pelan SE, Perez L, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Reichwald K, Rhodes S, Ridler KA, Schlessinger D, Schueler MG, Sehra HK, Shaw-Smith C, Shen H, Sheridan EM, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Sotheran EC, Steingruber HE, Steward CA, Storey R, Swann RM, Swarbreck D, Tabor PE, Taudien S, Taylor T, Teague B, Thomas K, Thorpe A, Timms K, Tracey A, Trevanion S, Tromans AC, d'Urso M, Verduzco D, Villasana D, Waldron L, Wall M, Wang Q, Warren J, Warry GL, Wei X, West A, Whitehead SL, Whiteley MN, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams G, Williams L, Williamson A, Williamson H, Wilming L, Woodmansey RL, Wray PW, Yen J, Zhang J, Zhou J, Zoghbi H, Zorilla S, Buck D, Reinhardt R, Poustka A, Rosenthal A, Lehrach H, Meindl A, Minx PJ, Hillier LW, Willard HF, Wilson RK, Waterston RH, Rice CM, Vaudin M, Coulson A, Nelson DL, Weinstock G, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Gibbs RA, Beck S, Rogers J, and Bentley DR

Subjects
Animals, Antigens, Neoplasm genetics, Centromere genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Y genetics, Contig Mapping, Crossing Over, Genetic genetics, Dosage Compensation, Genetic, Female, Genetic Linkage genetics, Genetics, Medical, Humans, Male, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, RNA genetics, Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid genetics, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Testis metabolism, Chromosomes, Human, X genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Genomics, Sequence Analysis, DNA
Abstract

The human X chromosome has a unique biology that was shaped by its evolution as the sex chromosome shared by males and females. We have determined 99.3% of the euchromatic sequence of the X chromosome. Our analysis illustrates the autosomal origin of the mammalian sex chromosomes, the stepwise process that led to the progressive loss of recombination between X and Y, and the extent of subsequent degradation of the Y chromosome. LINE1 repeat elements cover one-third of the X chromosome, with a distribution that is consistent with their proposed role as way stations in the process of X-chromosome inactivation. We found 1,098 genes in the sequence, of which 99 encode proteins expressed in testis and in various tumour types. A disproportionately high number of mendelian diseases are documented for the X chromosome. Of this number, 168 have been explained by mutations in 113 X-linked genes, which in many cases were characterized with the aid of the DNA sequence.

Published
2005
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12. Seasonal development of Cyathostominae larvae on pasture in a northern temperate region of the United Kingdom.

Author

Ramsey YH, Christley RM, Matthews JB, Hodgkinson JE, McGoldrick J, and Love S

Subjects
Animals, Horse Diseases parasitology, Horses, Larva growth & development, Linear Models, Parasite Egg Count veterinary, Rain, Scotland, Seasons, Strongylida Infections parasitology, Strongylida Infections veterinary, Temperature, Time Factors, Feces parasitology, Poaceae parasitology, Strongyloidea growth & development
Abstract

A study following the development of Cyathostominae from egg to the infective larval third stage was conducted from April to December 2001 in west central Scotland. Duplicate samples (1 kg) of naturally infected faeces were placed on a 78 cm2 plot each week on a cyathostomin-free pasture. Subsamples of the grass surrounding the faecal plot were collected weekly on four occasions and the number of larvae obtained determined. Few larvae were recovered in the first week of development of individual plots, followed by a rise in the numbers of larvae in second, third and fourth weeks of development of each sample. The climatic conditions were seen to have an effect on the rate of development. Specifically, from multilevel, multivariable linear regression models it was evident that the factors associated with numbers of infective larvae recovered from pasture were the time since the faeces samples were laid down, the average temperature and rainfall during the previous week, as well as the interaction between temperature and rainfall. Conversely, from the model, the number of larvae recovered from pasture was associated with neither the number of eggs within the faeces samples placed on the plots nor with the viability of these eggs.

Published
2004
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13. A PCR-ELISA for the identification of cyathostomin fourth-stage larvae from clinical cases of larval cyathostominosis.

Author

Hodgkinson JE, Lichtenfels JR, Mair TS, Cripps P, Freeman KL, Ramsey YH, Love S, and Matthews JB

Subjects
Animals, Blotting, Southern methods, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods, Female, Horses, Larva, Male, Oligonucleotide Probes, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Reproducibility of Results, Genes, Helminth, Strongyle Infections, Equine diagnosis, Strongylida genetics
Abstract

We report the use of six oligoprobes designed from intergenic spacer region sequences to identify fourth-stage larvae (L4) of the tribe Cyathostominae. Oligoprobes were designed for identification of the following species: Cylicocyclus ashworthi, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicocyclus insigne, Cyathostomum catinatum, Cylicostephanus goldi, and Cylicostephanus longibursatus. A seventh probe was designed as a positive control to identify all these members of the Cyathostominae. The intergenic spacer region was amplified by PCR using conserved primers. Initially, three oligoprobes were used in Southern blot analysis. To facilitate high-throughput identification, these and a further four oligoprobes were developed for use in a PCR-ELISA. All probes were validated for their ability to detect cyathostomin PCR products in the PCR-ELISA, using DNA from morphologically identified adult parasites. Initially, 712 L4 were isolated from the diarrhoeic faeces from horses (n=17) with clinical larval cyathostominosis. PCR products from 522 of these L4 were subjected to analysis, with 413 L4 being identified as one of the aforementioned species. With reference to individual species analysis, 28.5% of the 522 L4 were identified as C. longibursatus, 25.7% as C. nassatus, 15.9% as C. ashworthi, 7.3% as C. goldi and 1.7% as C. catinatum. No L4 were identified as being C. insigne species. When L4 within faeces from individual horses were compared, no sample was found to comprise parasites of one species. The least number of species identified in a single sample was two. This study suggests that clinical larval cyathostominosis is predominantly caused by mixed-species infections.

Published
2003
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14. Characterization of the Lmo4 gene encoding a LIM-only protein: genomic organization and comparative chromosomal mapping.

Author

Tse E, Grutz G, Garner AA, Ramsey Y, Carter NP, Copeland N, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Agulnick A, Forster A, and Rabbitts TH

Subjects
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Chromosome Mapping, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Exons genetics, Genomic Library, Humans, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Introns genetics, LIM Domain Proteins, Metalloproteins genetics, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Molecular Sequence Data, Muridae, Nuclear Proteins, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Sequence Alignment, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1, Homeodomain Proteins genetics, Oncogene Proteins, Transcription Factors genetics
Abstract

LIM-only (LMO) proteins are transcription regulators that function by mediating protein-protein interaction and include the T cell oncogenes encoding LMO1 and LMO2. The oncogenic functions of LMO1 and LMO2 are thought to be mediated by interaction with LDB1 since they form a multimeric protein complex(es). A new member of the Lmo family, Lmo4, has also recently been identified via its interaction with Ldb1. Sequence analysis of the mouse Lmo4 gene shows that it spans about 18 kb and consists of at least six exons, including two alternatively spliced 5' exons. Unlike Lmo1, the two 5' exons of Lmo4 do not encode protein. Comparison of the Lmo4 gene structure with the other LMO family members shows the exon structure of Lmo4 differs in the position of exon junctions encoding the second LIM domain and in a novel exon-intron junction at the penultimate codon of the gene. Lmo4 is thus the least conserved known member of the LIM-only family in both nucleotide sequence and exon structure. Physical mapping of the Lmo4/LMO4 genes has shown mouse Lmo4 is located on Chromosome (Chr) 3 and human LMO4 on Chr 1p22.3. This chromosome location is of interest as it occurs in a region that is deleted in a number of human cancers, indicating a possible role of LMO4 in tumorigenesis, like its relatives LMO1 and LMO2.

Published
1999
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