26 results on '"Ramprasath VR"'
Search Results
2. Dietary high oleic canola oil supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid attenuates plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels in participants with cardiovascular disease risk: A randomized control trial.
- Author
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Pu S, Rodríguez-Pérez C, Ramprasath VR, Segura-Carretero A, and Jones PJ
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- Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases blood, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Cholesterol, LDL blood, Cross-Over Studies, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Double-Blind Method, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oleic Acid administration & dosage, Plant Oils chemistry, Rapeseed Oil, Risk Factors, Safflower Oil administration & dosage, Docosahexaenoic Acids administration & dosage, Lipids blood, Plant Oils administration & dosage, Proprotein Convertase 9 blood
- Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a novel circulating protein which plays an important role in regulation of cholesterol metabolism by promoting hepatic LDL receptor degradation. However, the action of dietary fat composition on PCSK9 levels remains to be fully elucidated. The objective was to investigate the action of different dietary oils on circulating PCSK9 levels in the Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial (COMIT). COMIT employed a double-blinded crossover randomized control design, consisting of five 30-d treatment periods. Diets were provided based on a 3000Kcal/d intake, including a 60g/d treatment of conventional canola oil (Canola), a high oleic canola/DHA oil blend (CanolaDHA), a corn/safflower oil blend (CornSaff), a flax/safflower oil blend (FlaxSaff) or a high oleic canola oil (CanolaOleic). Plasma PCSK9 levels were assessed using ELISA at the end of each phase. Lipid profiles (n=84) showed that CanolaDHA feeding resulted in the highest (P<0.05) serum total cholesterol (TC, 5.06±0.09mmol/L) and LDL-cholesterol levels (3.15±0.08mmol/L) across all five treatments. CanolaDHA feeding also produced the lowest (P<0.05) plasma PCSK9 concentrations (216.42±8.77ng/mL) compared to other dietary oil treatments. Plasma PCSK9 levels positively correlated (P<0.05) with serum TC, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A, and apolipoprotein B levels but did not correlate to HDL-cholesterol levels. Results indicate that post-treatment response in PCSK9 may be altered with the CanolaDHA diet. In conclusion, the elevated LDL-C levels from a DHA oil treatment may not be relevant for the observed decline in PCSK9 levels., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2016
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3. Safety and Health Benefits of Novel Dietary Supplements Consisting Multiple Phytochemicals, Vitamins, Minerals and Essential Fatty Acids in High Fat Diet Fed Rats.
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Ramprasath VR and Jones PJ
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- Adipose Tissue, White drug effects, Adipose Tissue, White metabolism, Animals, Calcium blood, Diet, High-Fat, Fatty Acids, Essential administration & dosage, Globulins metabolism, Interleukin-6 blood, Male, Phosphorus blood, Phytochemicals administration & dosage, Pilot Projects, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Serum Albumin metabolism, Trace Elements administration & dosage, Trace Elements analysis, Triglycerides blood, Vitamins administration & dosage, Dietary Supplements analysis, Fatty Acids, Essential analysis, Phytochemicals analysis, Vitamins analysis
- Abstract
The objective was to determine safety and efficacy of health supplements "Beyond Tangy Tangerine," a multivitamin/mineral complex and combination of multivitamin/mineral complex, "Osteofx," a bone healthy supplement and "Ultimate Essential Fatty Acids" in Sprague Dawley rats consuming high-fat diets. Initially a pilot study was conducted which confirmed palatability and acceptability of supplements. In a second study, rats (n = 15/group) were randomized to Control; Multivitamin/mineral complex (2 g/kg BW) or Combination (2 g Multivitamin/mineral complex, 1.5 g Bone healthy supplement and 0.34 g Essential fatty acids/kg BW). No differences were observed in BW change, feed intake, organ weights or bone mineral composition with supplementations compared to control. Multivitamin/mineral complex supplementation decreased abdominal white adipose tissue weights (WAT) (p = .005), total (p = .033) and fat mass (p = .040), plasma IL-6 (p = .016) and ALKP (p = .038) and elevated plasma calcium (p < .001), phosphorus (p = .038), total protein (p = .002), albumin (p = .014) and globulin (p = .018), compared to control. Similarly, combination supplementation reduced WAT (p < .001), total (p = .023) and fat mass (p = .045), plasma triglycerides (p = .018), IL-6 (p = .002) and ALKP (p < .001) with increases in plasma calcium (p = .031), phosphorus (p < .001) compared to control. Results indicate that consuming either supplement can be considered safe and improves overall health by reducing inflammation, abdominal fat mass and plasma triglycerides, as well as promote bone health.
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- 2016
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4. Docosahexaenoic Acid Attenuates Cardiovascular Risk Factors via a Decline in Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Plasma Levels.
- Author
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Rodríguez-Pérez C, Ramprasath VR, Pu S, Sabra A, Quirantes-Piné R, Segura-Carretero A, and Jones PJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Apolipoproteins blood, Cardiovascular Diseases drug therapy, Cardiovascular Diseases enzymology, Cross-Over Studies, Diet, Double-Blind Method, Energy Intake, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated chemistry, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated pharmacology, Female, Humans, Male, Oleic Acids pharmacology, Proprotein Convertase 9, Rapeseed Oil, Risk Factors, Sterols metabolism, Cardiovascular Diseases blood, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Docosahexaenoic Acids pharmacology, Proprotein Convertases blood, Serine Endopeptidases blood
- Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a circulating protein that regulates cholesterol metabolism by promoting LDL receptor degradation in the liver and has recently been proposed as a therapeutic target in the management of hyperlipidaemia. We investigated the impact of dietary fat on the metabolism of sterols and on plasma PCSK9 concentrations to explore likely clinical usefulness. In a post hoc analysis of a double-blind randomised crossover controlled feeding trial, the Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial (COMIT), volunteers (n = 54) with at least one condition related to metabolic syndrome consumed diets with one of the following treatment oils in beverages: (1) conventional canola oil (Canola); (2) canola oil rich in docosahexanoic acid (DHA) (CanolaDHA); and (3) high-oleic acid canola oil (CanolaOleic). The enrichment in oleic acid resulted in lower plasma cholesterol concentration compared with diets enriched in DHA. Contrarily, DHA-enriched oil significantly decreased plasma PCSK9 and triacylglycerols levels, but increased circulating levels of sterols. The variations in lathosterol, sitosterol, and campesterol indicate that plasma PCSK9 levels are sensitive to changes in cholesterol synthesis and/or absorption. There was a significant correlation between plasma PCSK9 levels and plasma triacylglicerol and apolipoprotein B levels, which was not affected by dietary fat. Therefore, our results suggest that the impact of dietary fats should not be discarded as complementary treatment in the management of patients with hyperlipidaemia. These findings should be considered in the analysis of ongoing studies and may represent a cautionary note in the treatment of patients with cardiovascular risk.
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- 2016
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5. Supplementation of krill oil with high phospholipid content increases sum of EPA and DHA in erythrocytes compared with low phospholipid krill oil.
- Author
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Ramprasath VR, Eyal I, Zchut S, Shafat I, and Jones PJ
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- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Cross-Over Studies, Dietary Supplements, Docosahexaenoic Acids pharmacokinetics, Eicosapentaenoic Acid pharmacokinetics, Euphausiacea chemistry, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Docosahexaenoic Acids administration & dosage, Eicosapentaenoic Acid administration & dosage, Erythrocytes metabolism, Phospholipids metabolism
- Abstract
Background: Bioavailability of krill oil has been suggested to be higher than fish oil as much of the EPA and DHA in krill oil are bound to phospholipids (PL). Hence, PL content in krill oil might play an important role in incorporation of n-3 PUFA into the RBC, conferring properties that render it effective in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The objective of the present trial was to test the effect of different amounts of PL in krill oil on the bioavailability of EPA and DHA, assessed as the rate of increase of n-3 PUFA in plasma and RBC, in healthy volunteers., Methods and Design: In a semi randomized crossover single blind design study, 20 healthy participants consumed various oils consisting of 1.5 g/day of low PL krill oil (LPL), 3 g/day of high PL krill oil (HPL) or 3 g/day of a placebo, corn oil, for 4 weeks each separated by 8 week washout periods. Both LPL and HPL delivered 600 mg of total n-3 PUFA/day along with 600 and 1200 mg/day of PL, respectively., Results: Changes in plasma EPA, DPA, DHA, total n-3 PUFA, n-6:n-3 ratio and EPA + DHA concentrations between LPL and HPL krill oil supplementations were observed to be similar. Intake of both forms of krill oils increased the RBC level of EPA (p < 0.001) along with reduced n-6 PUFA (LPL: p < 0.001: HPL: p = 0.007) compared to control. HPL consumption increased (p < 0.001) RBC concentrations of EPA, DPA, total and n-3 PUFA compared with LPL. Furthermore, although LPL did not alter RBC n-6:n-3 ratio or the sum of EPA and DHA compared to control, HPL intake decreased (p < 0.001) n-6:n-3 ratio relative to control with elevated (p < 0.001) sum of EPA and DHA compared to control as well as to LPL krill oil consumption. HPL krill oil intake elevated (p < 0.005) plasma total and LDL cholesterol concentrations compared to control, while LPL krill oil did not alter total and LDL cholesterol, relative to control., Conclusions: The results indicate that krill oil with higher PL levels could lead to enhanced bioavailability of n-3 PUFA compared to krill oil with lower PL levels., Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov# NCT01323036.
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- 2015
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6. Effect of consuming novel foods consisting high oleic canola oil, barley β-glucan, and DHA on cardiovascular disease risk in humans: the CONFIDENCE (Canola Oil and Fibre with DHA Enhanced) study - protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
- Author
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Ramprasath VR, Thandapilly SJ, Yang S, Abraham A, Jones PJ, and Ames N
- Subjects
- Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis, Clinical Protocols, Cross-Over Studies, Humans, Manitoba, Metabolic Syndrome blood, Metabolic Syndrome diagnosis, Metabolic Syndrome physiopathology, Nutritive Value, Rapeseed Oil, Research Design, Risk Factors, Single-Blind Method, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, beta-Glucans isolation & purification, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Diet, Docosahexaenoic Acids administration & dosage, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated administration & dosage, Food, Fortified, Hordeum chemistry, Metabolic Syndrome diet therapy, Oleic Acid administration & dosage, beta-Glucans administration & dosage
- Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been identified as a major contributor to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Current recommendations for dietary management of people with MetS involve quantitative and qualitative modifications of food intake, such as high consumption of vegetables, fruits, and whole grain foods. The results from our previous human trials revealed the potential of the dietary components high-oleic acid canola oil (HOCO)-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and high molecular weight barley β-glucan individually in managing CVD risk factors. Foods with a combination of HOCO-DHA and barley β-glucan have never been tested for their effects on CVD risk. The objective is to determine the effects of consuming novel foods HOCO-DHA, and barley β-glucan on managing CVD risk factors in people with MetS., Methods/design: We are conducting a randomized, single-blind crossover trial with four treatment phases of 28 days each separated by a 4-week washout interval. Participants (n=35) will be provided with weight-maintaining, healthy balanced diet recommendations according to their energy requirements during the intervention periods. Participants will receive muffins and cookies as treatment foods in a random order and will consume at least one meal per day at the research center under supervision. The four treatments include muffins and cookies consisting of (1) all-purpose flour and HOCO-DHA (50 g/day); (2) barley flour (4.36 g/day of β-glucan) and a blend of sunflower oil, safflower oil, and butter as control oil (50 g/day); (3) barley flour (4.36 g/day of β-glucan) and HOCO-DHA (50 g/day; dosage of DHA would be 3 g/day); and (4) all-purpose flour and control oil (50 g/day). At the beginning and end of each phase, we will evaluate anthropometrics; systolic and diastolic blood pressure; blood lipid profile; low-density lipoprotein subfractions and particle size; 10-year Framingham CVD risk score; inflammatory status; and plasma and red blood cell fatty acid profiles, fecal microbiome, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry., Conclusion: Cholesterol synthesis will also be studied, using a stable isotope approach. The proposed study will lead to innovation of novel food products, which may result in improvement in the overall cardiovascular health of humans., Trial Registration: Clinical trials.gov identifier: NCT02091583 . Date of registration: 12 March 2014.
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- 2015
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7. Role of Phytosterols in Cancer Prevention and Treatment.
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Ramprasath VR and Awad AB
- Subjects
- Animals, Breast Neoplasms prevention & control, Female, Humans, Male, Phytosterols pharmacology, Prostatic Neoplasms prevention & control, Anticarcinogenic Agents pharmacology, Neoplasms prevention & control, Phytosterols therapeutic use, Plants chemistry
- Abstract
Plant sterols or phytosterols have been shown to be effective in improving blood lipid profile and thereby protective against cardiovascular disease. In addition to their cardioprotective effects, phytosterols have gained more insight for their protective effect against various forms of cancer. Phytosterols have been reported to alleviate cancers of breast, prostate, lung, liver, stomach and ovary. Reductions in growth of various cancer cells including liver, prostate and breast by phytosterols treatment have been demonstrated. Although exact mechanisms of phytosterols for their anticancer effects are not very well delineated, there have been several mechanisms proposed such as inhibition of carcinogen production, cancer cell growth and multiplication, invasion and metastasis and induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Other mechanisms including reduction of angiogenesis, invasion and adhesion of cancer cells and production of reactive oxygen species have also been suggested. However, cancer therapy using phytosterol formulations have yet to be designed, largely due to the gap in the literature with regards to mode of action. Furthermore, most of the studies on anticancer effects of phytosterols were conducted in vitro and animal studies and need to be confirmed in humans.
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- 2015
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8. Consumption of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol lowering foods improves blood lipids without affecting concentrations of fat soluble compounds.
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Ramprasath VR, Jenkins DJ, Lamarche B, Kendall CW, Faulkner D, Cermakova L, Couture P, Ireland C, Abdulnour S, Patel D, Bashyam B, Srichaikul K, de Souza RJ, Vidgen E, Josse RG, Leiter LA, Connelly PW, Frohlich J, and Jones PJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Canada, Carotenoids blood, Cholesterol administration & dosage, Cholesterol analogs & derivatives, Cholesterol blood, Dietary Fiber administration & dosage, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hyperlipidemias diet therapy, Lutein blood, Lycopene, Male, Middle Aged, Nuts, Phytosterols administration & dosage, Phytosterols blood, Single-Blind Method, Sitosterols administration & dosage, Sitosterols blood, Tocopherols blood, Vitamin A blood, beta Carotene blood, Cholesterol, HDL blood, Cholesterol, LDL blood, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Triglycerides blood, Vitamins blood
- Abstract
Background: Consumption of a cholesterol lowering dietary portfolio including plant sterols (PS), viscous fibre, soy proteins and nuts for 6 months improves blood lipid profile. Plant sterols reduce blood cholesterol by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption and concerns have been raised whether PS consumption reduces fat soluble vitamin absorption., Objective: The objective was to determine effects of consumption of a cholesterol lowering dietary portfolio on circulating concentrations of PS and fat soluble vitamins., Methods: Using a parallel design study, 351 hyperlipidemic participants from 4 centres across Canada were randomized to 1 of 3 groups. Participants followed dietary advice with control or portfolio diet. Participants on routine and intensive portfolio involved 2 and 7 clinic visits, respectively, over 6 months., Results: No changes in plasma concentrations of α and γ tocopherol, lutein, lycopene and retinol, but decreased β-carotene concentrations were observed with intensive (week 12: p = 0.045; week 24: p = 0.039) and routine (week 12: p = 0.031; week 24: p = 0.078) portfolio groups compared to control. However, cholesterol adjusted β-carotene and fat soluble compound concentrations were not different compared to control. Plasma PS concentrations were increased with intensive (campesterol:p = 0.012; β-sitosterol:p = 0.035) and routine (campesterol: p = 0.034; β-sitosterol: p = 0.080) portfolio groups compared to control. Plasma cholesterol-adjusted campesterol and β-sitosterol concentrations were negatively correlated (p < 0.001) with total and LDL-C levels., Conclusion: Results demonstrate that consuming a portfolio diet reduces serum total and LDL-C levels while increasing PS values, without altering fat soluble compounds concentrations. The extent of increments of PS with the current study are not deleterious and also maintaining optimum levels of fat soluble vitamins are of paramount necessity to maintain overall metabolism and health. Results indicate portfolio diet as one of the best options for CVD risk reduction., Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00438425.
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- 2014
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9. Fish oil for the reduction of atrial fibrillation recurrence, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
- Author
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Nigam A, Talajic M, Roy D, Nattel S, Lambert J, Nozza A, Jones P, Ramprasath VR, O'Hara G, Kopecky S, Brophy JM, and Tardif JC
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- Aged, Animals, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents therapeutic use, C-Reactive Protein metabolism, Dietary Supplements, Double-Blind Method, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 therapeutic use, Female, Fishes, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Peroxidase blood, Proportional Hazards Models, Recurrence, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Atrial Fibrillation drug therapy, Fish Oils therapeutic use, Inflammation drug therapy, Oxidative Stress
- Abstract
Background: Recent trials of fish oil for the prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence have provided mixed results. Notable uncertainties in the existing evidence base include the roles of high-dose fish oil, inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF not receiving conventional antiarrhythmic (AA) therapy., Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of high-dose fish oil on AF recurrence, inflammation, and oxidative stress parameters., Methods: We performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study in 337 patients with symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent AF within 6 months of enrollment. Patients were randomized to fish oil (4 g/day) or placebo and followed, on average, for 271 ± 129 days., Results: The primary endpoint was time to first symptomatic or asymptomatic AF recurrence lasting >30 s. Secondary endpoints were high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). The primary endpoint occurred in 64.1% of patients in the fish oil arm and 63.2% of patients in the placebo arm (hazard ratio: 1.10; 95% confidence interval: 0.84 to 1.45; p = 0.48). hs-CRP and MPO were within normal limits at baseline and decreased to a similar degree at 6 months (Δhs-CRP, 11% vs. -11%; ΔMPO, -5% vs. -9% for fish oil vs. placebo, respectively; p value for interaction = NS)., Conclusions: High-dose fish oil does not reduce AF recurrence in patients with a history of AF not receiving conventional AA therapy. Furthermore, fish oil does not reduce inflammation or oxidative stress markers in this population, which may explain its lack of efficacy. (Multi-center Study to Evaluate the Effect of N-3 Fatty Acids [OMEGA-3] on Arrhythmia Recurrence in Atrial Fibrillation [AFFORD]; NCT01235130)., (Copyright © 2014 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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10. Response to commentary on a trial comparing krill oil versus fish oil.
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Ramprasath VR, Eyal I, Zchut S, and Jones PJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated administration & dosage, Euphausiacea chemistry, Fish Oils administration & dosage
- Abstract
Nichols et al. (Lipids Health Dis13:2, 2014) raised concern about the higher n-6 concentration in fish oil used in our recent study which is different from typical commercial fish oils (Ramprasath et al. Lipids Health Dis12:178, 2013). The aim of our study was to compare the effect of consumption of similar amount of n-3 PUFA from krill and fish oil with placebo on plasma and RBC fatty acids. As the concentration of n-3 PUFA in the fish oil utilised was higher than that in krill oil, we deemed it important to keep consistent the concentration of n-3 PUFA and volumes to be administered to participants between krill versus fish oils. As such, the fish oil used in the study was diluted with corn oil. Although the n-6 PUFA concentration in fish oil was higher compared to traditionally used fish oil, consumption of the fish oil used in our study actually reduced the total n-6 PUFA in plasma and RBC to a similar extent as did krill oil. Overall, our conclusion was that the increases in plasma and RBC concentrations of EPA and DHA along with improvement in the omega-3 index observed with consumption of krill oil compared with fish oil are due to differences in absorption and bioavailability based on the structural difference of the two oils rather than their n-6 PUFA content.
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- 2014
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11. Enhanced increase of omega-3 index in healthy individuals with response to 4-week n-3 fatty acid supplementation from krill oil versus fish oil.
- Author
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Ramprasath VR, Eyal I, Zchut S, and Jones PJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Animals, Cholesterol, HDL blood, Corn Oil administration & dosage, Cross-Over Studies, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated isolation & purification, Docosahexaenoic Acids blood, Double-Blind Method, Eicosapentaenoic Acid blood, Female, Healthy Volunteers, Humans, Male, Triglycerides blood, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated administration & dosage, Euphausiacea chemistry, Fish Oils administration & dosage
- Abstract
Background: Due to structural differences, bioavailability of krill oil, a phospholipid based oil, could be higher than fish oil, a triglyceride-based oil, conferring properties that render it more effective than fish oil in increasing omega-3 index and thereby, reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk., Objective: The objective was to assess the effects of krill oil compared with fish oil or a placebo control on plasma and red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid profile in healthy volunteers., Participants and Methods: Twenty four healthy volunteers were recruited for a double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. The study consisted of three treatment phases including krill or fish oil each providing 600 mg of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or placebo control, corn oil in capsule form. Each treatment lasted 4 wk and was separated by 8 wk washout phases., Results: Krill oil consumption increased plasma (p = 0.0043) and RBC (p = 0.0011) n-3 PUFA concentrations, including EPA and DHA, and reduced n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios (plasma: p = 0.0043, RBC: p = 0.0143) compared with fish oil consumption. Sum of EPA and DHA concentrations in RBC, the omega-3 index, was increased following krill oil supplementation compared with fish oil (p = 0.0143) and control (p < 0.0001). Serum triglycerides and HDL cholesterol concentrations did not change with any of the treatments. However, total and LDL cholesterol concentrations were increased following krill (TC: p = 0.0067, LDL: p = 0.0143) and fish oil supplementation (TC: p = 0.0028, LDL: p = 0.0143) compared with control., Conclusions: Consumption of krill oil was well tolerated with no adverse events. Results indicate that krill oil could be more effective than fish oil in increasing n-3 PUFA, reducing n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio, and improving the omega-3 index., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01323036.
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- 2013
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12. Correlates of reactive hyperemic index in men and postmenopausal women.
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Carnovale V, Paradis ME, Gigleux I, Ramprasath VR, Couture P, Jones PJ, Lamarche B, and Couillard C
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- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Hyperemia diagnosis, Inflammation diagnosis, Inflammation metabolism, Male, Manometry methods, Metabolic Syndrome diagnosis, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sex Characteristics, Endothelium, Vascular metabolism, Hyperemia metabolism, Metabolic Syndrome metabolism, Postmenopause
- Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences in digital reactive hyperemic index (RHI) in men and postmenopausal women. We investigated the differences in and correlates of RHI, measured by peripheral artery tonometry (PAT), in a group of 82 men (mean age ± SD: 55.6 ± 8.2 years; body mass index: 29.0 ± 4.2 kg/m(2)) and 125 postmenopausal women (58.9 ± 5.2 years; 27.7 ± 4.1 kg/m(2)). We also examined fRHI values (natural log of the PAT ratio of the 90-120 seconds post-occlusion interval) and augmentation index (AIx) as a measure of arterial stiffness. We found that RHI, fRHI and AIx were significantly lower in men compared to postmenopausal women (p<0.0001). We also found that fRHI values were significantly lower in individuals with (MetS+) versus without (MetS-) the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Endothelial inflammation was present in MetS+ subjects as indicated by increased plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) (p<0.001) and E-selectin (p=0.0519) concentrations compared to MetS- individuals. No significant difference was found in RHI or AIx between MetS+ versus MetS- individuals. In summary, our study reveals that men have an impairment of endothelial function, assessed by digital PAT, compared to postmenopausal women. Furthermore, we show that the presence of the MetS is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, as suggested by lower fRHI, as well as by endothelial inflammation, which likely contributes to the increased cardiovascular disease risk associated with the MetS. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01085019.
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- 2013
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13. Effect of dietary sphingomyelin on absorption and fractional synthetic rate of cholesterol and serum lipid profile in humans.
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Ramprasath VR, Jones PJ, Buckley DD, Woollett LA, and Heubi JE
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- Adult, Bile Acids and Salts metabolism, Cholesterol, LDL blood, Cholesterol, VLDL blood, Female, Humans, Male, Triglycerides blood, Cholesterol blood, Dietary Supplements, Lipids blood, Sphingomyelins pharmacology
- Abstract
Background: Diets enriched with sphingolipids may improve blood lipid profiles. Studies in animals have shown reductions in cholesterol absorption and alterations in blood lipids after treatment with sphingomyelin (SM). However, minimal information exists on effect of SM on cholesterol absorption and metabolism in humans. The objective was to assess the effect of SM consumption on serum lipid concentrations and cholesterol metabolism in healthy humans., Methods: Ten healthy adult males and females completed a randomized crossover study. Subjects consumed controlled diets with or without 1 g/day SM for 14 days separated by at least 4 week washout period. Serum lipid profile and markers of cholesterol metabolism including cholesterol absorption and synthesis were analyzed., Results: Serum triglycerides, total, LDL- and VLDL- cholesterol were not affected while HDL cholesterol concentrations were increased (p = 0.043) by SM diet consumption. No change in cholesterol absorption and cholesterol fractional synthesis rate was observed with supplementation of SM compared to control. Intraluminal cholesterol solubilization was also not affected by consumption of SM enriched diet., Conclusions: In humans, 1 g/day of dietary SM does not alter the blood lipid profile except for an increased HDL-cholesterol concentration and has no effect on cholesterol absorption, synthesis and intraluminal solubilization compared to control., Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov # NCT00328211.
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- 2013
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14. Decreased plasma cholesterol concentrations after PUFA-rich diets are not due to reduced cholesterol absorption/synthesis.
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Ramprasath VR, Jones PJ, Buckley DD, Woollett LA, and Heubi JE
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- Adolescent, Adult, Fatty Acids administration & dosage, Fatty Acids pharmacology, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated administration & dosage, Female, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Cholesterol biosynthesis, Cholesterol blood, Cholesterol metabolism, Diet, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated pharmacology
- Abstract
Plasma cholesterol concentrations increase with consumption of high saturated fatty acid (SFA) and decrease with high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) diets, leading to shifts in lipid levels consistent with reduction in heart disease risk. Direct measurements of cholesterol absorption, one of the key regulators of plasma cholesterol levels, have not been performed in humans after consumption of high PUFA diets. Thus, cholesterol absorption and fractional synthesis rates (FSRs) were measured in 16 healthy adults (8 males and 9 females) using a randomized cross-over study with a diet containing high (PUFA/SFA) P/S ratio (2:1) and a low P/S ratio (0.5:1). Cholesterol absorption and fractional cholesterol synthetic rates were measured using stable isotopes after 20 days of dietary intervention. Diet did not affect cholesterol absorption or synthesis. There was a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol concentrations (P < 0.02), specifically LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.02), without a change in HDL-cholesterol or triacylglycerol concentrations. Intraluminal cholesterol solubilization and plasma sterol (cholesterol biosynthetic intermediates and plant sterols) levels were not affected by diet. Thus, consumption of diets with a high P/S ratio reduces plasma total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations independent of shifts in cholesterol absorption or synthesis.
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- 2012
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15. Anti-atherogenic effects of resveratrol.
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Ramprasath VR and Jones PJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Antioxidants therapeutic use, Humans, Lipids blood, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Resveratrol, Stilbenes therapeutic use, Vitis chemistry, Antioxidants pharmacology, Atherosclerosis prevention & control, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Phytotherapy, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Stilbenes pharmacology
- Abstract
Resveratrol (RS), a polyphenol compound found in grapes and grape products, including wine, peanuts and berries, exists in cis- and trans-isomeric forms. RS is believed to decrease circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, it is possible that RS has other mechanisms to reduce the risk of CVD without altering lipid levels. The objective of this review is to critically examine results from recent research concerning potential effects of RS on CVD. RS exerts several health benefits including anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. RS may also prevent lipid oxidation, platelet aggregation, arterial vasodilation and modulates the levels of lipids and lipoproteins. As a potent, anti-oxidant RS reduces oxidative stress and regenerates alpha-tocopherol, which further strengthens the anti-oxidant defense mechanism. RS has been considered safe as no significant toxic effects have been identified, even when consumed at higher concentrations. This evidence identified RS as an effective anti-atherogenic agent, which could be used in the prevention and treatment of CVD.
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- 2010
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16. Anticancer effects of phytosterols.
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Woyengo TA, Ramprasath VR, and Jones PJ
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- Animals, Apoptosis drug effects, Diet, Humans, Neoplasms pathology, Anticarcinogenic Agents administration & dosage, Anticarcinogenic Agents metabolism, Anticarcinogenic Agents pharmacology, Neoplasms prevention & control, Phytosterols administration & dosage, Phytosterols metabolism, Phytosterols pharmacology
- Abstract
Phytosterol and stanol (or phytosterols) consumption reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption, leading to decreased blood LDL-cholesterol levels and lowered cardiovascular disease risk. However, other biological roles for plant sterols and stanols have also been proposed. The objective of this review is to critically examine results from recent research regarding the potential effects and mechanisms of action of phytosterols on forms of cancer. Considerable emerging evidence supports the inhibitory actions of phytosterols on lung, stomach, as well as ovarian and breast cancer. Phytosterols seem to act through multiple mechanisms of action, including inhibition of carcinogen production, cancer-cell growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and through the promotion of apoptosis of cancerous cells. Phytosterol consumption may also increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and thereby reduce oxidative stress. In addition to altering cell-membrane structure and function, phytosterols probably promote apoptosis by lowering blood cholesterol levels. Moreover, consumption of phytosterols by healthy humans at the recommended level of 2 g per day does not cause any major health risks. In summary, mounting evidence supports a role for phytosterols in protecting against cancer development. Hence, phytosterols could be incorporated in diet not only to lower the cardiovascular disease risk, but also to potentially prevent cancer development.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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17. Potential of resveratrol in anticancer and anti-inflammatory therapy.
- Author
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Udenigwe CC, Ramprasath VR, Aluko RE, and Jones PJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Apoptosis drug effects, Arachis, Biological Availability, Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors, Fruit, Humans, Phytotherapy, Resveratrol, Stilbenes analysis, Stilbenes pharmacology, Vitis, Wine, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic therapeutic use, Stilbenes therapeutic use
- Abstract
Phytochemicals present in food have shown significant prospects in the treatment and management of a vast array of human diseases. Resveratrol is a stilbene-type aromatic phytoalexin predominantly found in grapes, peanuts, berries, turmeric, and other food products. Resveratrol has been reported to exhibit several physiological activities including anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in experimental animal models, as well as in humans. Anticancer activity of this compound is mainly due to induction of apoptosis via several pathways, as well as alteration of gene expressions, all leading to a decrease in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. Resveratrol exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through modulation of enzymes and pathways that produce mediators of inflammation and also induction of programmed cell death in activated immune cells. Resveratrol has been shown to produce no adverse effects, even when consumed at high concentrations. Hence, resveratrol possesses good potential to be used as an adjunctive or alternative therapy for cancer and inflammatory diseases.
- Published
- 2008
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18. Alteration of DMBA-induced oxidative stress by additive action of a modified indigenous preparation--Kalpaamruthaa.
- Author
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Arulkumaran S, Ramprasath VR, Shanthi P, and Sachdanandam P
- Subjects
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene, Animals, Antioxidants therapeutic use, Ascorbic Acid pharmacology, Drug Synergism, Female, Glutathione metabolism, Liver drug effects, Liver enzymology, Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental chemically induced, Medicine, Ayurvedic, Mitochondria, Liver drug effects, Mitochondria, Liver enzymology, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Plant Extracts chemistry, Random Allocation, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Vitamin E pharmacology, Antioxidants pharmacology, Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental drug therapy, Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental metabolism, Phytotherapy methods, Plant Extracts pharmacology
- Abstract
The present study investigated the protective efficacy of the novel preparation named as Kalpaamruthaa (KA, includes Semecarpus anacardium Linn nut milk extract (SA), dried powder of Phyllanthus emblica fruit and honey) on the peroxidative damage and abnormal antioxidant levels in the hepatic mitochondrial fraction of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats of weight 180+/-10 g were categorized into six groups. Three groups were administered DMBA (25 mg/rat dissolved in olive oil, orally) to induce mammary carcinoma. One of these groups received KA treatment (300 mg/kg b.wt., orally) and other group received SA (200 mg/kg b.wt., orally) for 14 days after 90 days of DMBA induction. Vehicle-treated control and drug control groups were also included. The hepatic mitochondrial fraction of untreated DMBA rats showed 2.96-fold increase in MDA content when compared to control rats and abnormal changes in the activities/levels of mitochondrial enzymic (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and non-enzymic (glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E) antioxidants were observed. DMBA-treated rats also showed decline in the activities of mitochondrial enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. In contrast, rats treated with SA and KA showed normal lipid peroxidation antioxidant defenses and mitochondrial enzymes, thereby showing the protection rendered by SA and KA. Although, KA treatment exhibited more profound effect in inhibiting DMBA-induced oxidative stress than sole SA treatment. Results of the study indicate that the anticarcinogenic activity of KA during DMBA-initiated mammary carcinogenesis is mediated through alteration of hepatic antioxidant status as well as modulation of TCA cycle enzymes. On the basis of the observed results, KA can be considered as a readily accessible, promising and novel cancer chemopreventive agent.
- Published
- 2007
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19. Restorative effect of Kalpaamruthaa, an indigenous preparation, on oxidative damage in mammary gland mitochondrial fraction in experimental mammary carcinoma.
- Author
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Arulkumaran S, Ramprasath VR, Shanthi P, and Sachdanandam P
- Subjects
- Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic therapeutic use, Antioxidants metabolism, Female, Lipid Peroxidation drug effects, Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental chemically induced, Mitochondria enzymology, Phytotherapy, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Mammary Glands, Animal pathology, Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental drug therapy, Mitochondria drug effects, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Semecarpus metabolism
- Abstract
Cancer prevention and treatment using phytochemicals have attracted increased interest. Recent studies have shown that Semecarpus anacardium Linn nut milk extract (SA), a promising antioxidant and anticancer drug, exerts its anticancer effect through reducing or quenching reactive oxygen species under different conditions. The present study examined whether Phyllanthus emblica Linn fruit, rich in vitamin C content synergistically in combination can enhance both the antioxidant and anticancer activity of S. anacardium nut milk extract in 7, 12-dimethyl benz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced experimental mammary carcinoma in rat model. Female Sprague Dawley rats of 180 +/- 10 g were categorized into six groups. Three groups were administered DMBA (25mg/rat, orally) dissolved in olive oil to induce mammary carcinoma. One of these groups received Kalpaamruthaa (KA) (300 mg/kg b.wt, orally) and other group received SA (200mg/kg b.wt, orally) for 14 days after 90 days of DMBA induction. A vehicle treated control and drug control groups were also included. The mitochondrial fraction of untreated DMBA-induced mammary gland showed 2.61-fold increase in lipid peroxidation level and abnormal changes in the activities/levels of mitochondrial enzymic (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and non-enzymic (glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E) antioxidants were observed. DMBA treated rats also showed decline in the activities of mitochondrial enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. In contrast, rats treated with Kalpaamruthaa showed normal lipid peroxide level and antioxidant defenses. The results of the present study highlight the improved antioxidant property of KA than sole treatment of S. anacardium nut milk extract.
- Published
- 2006
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20. Therapeutic effects of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut milk extract on the changes associated with collagen and glycosaminoglycan metabolism in adjuvant arthritic Wistar rats.
- Author
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Ramprasath VR, Shanthi P, and Sachdanandam P
- Subjects
- Adjuvants, Immunologic adverse effects, Animals, Arthritis, Experimental chemically induced, Arthritis, Experimental pathology, Extremities pathology, Lysosomes metabolism, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Adjuvants, Immunologic toxicity, Arthritis, Experimental drug therapy, Arthritis, Experimental metabolism, Collagen metabolism, Glycosaminoglycans metabolism, Nuts chemistry, Semecarpus chemistry
- Abstract
The effect of milk extract of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut milk extract (SA) was studied to gain some insight into this intriguing disease with reference to collagen metabolism. Arthritis was induced in rats by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant containing 10mg of heat killed mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1 ml paraffin oil (0.1 ml) into the left hind paw of the rat intradermally. After 14 days of induction, SA (150 mg/kg body weight/day) was administered orally by gastric intubations for 14 days. Decreased levels of collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) components (chondroitin sulphate, heparan sulphate, hyaluronic acid) and increase in the levels of connective tissue degrading lysosomal glycohydrolases such as acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase and cathepsin-D observed in arthritic animals were reverted back to near normal levels upon treatment with SA. The drug effectively regulated the uriniray markers of collagen metabolism namely hexosamine, hexuronic acid, hydroxyproline and total GAGS. Electron microscopic studies also revealed the protective effect of SA. Hence, it can be suggested that SA very effectively regulate the collagen metabolism that derange during arthritic condition.
- Published
- 2006
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21. Effect of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut milk extract on rat neutrophil functions in adjuvant arthritis.
- Author
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Ramprasath VR, Shanthi P, and Sachdanandam P
- Subjects
- Animals, Antioxidants pharmacology, Antirheumatic Agents pharmacology, Arthritis, Experimental immunology, Arthritis, Experimental metabolism, Arthritis, Rheumatoid immunology, Arthritis, Rheumatoid metabolism, Free Radicals, Lipid Peroxidation drug effects, Lipid Peroxidation physiology, Male, Neutrophils immunology, Nuts, Phagocytosis drug effects, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Reactive Nitrogen Species metabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal pharmacology, Arthritis, Experimental drug therapy, Arthritis, Rheumatoid drug therapy, Neutrophils drug effects, Phytotherapy, Semecarpus
- Abstract
Neutrophils play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and various inflammatory conditions, by accumulation and liberation of active proteolytic enzymes. The effect of milk extract of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nuts (SA) at a dosage of 150 mg kg(-1) body weight day(-1) for 14 days on adjuvant arthritis was studied to gain some insight into this intriguing disease in relation to neutrophil functions. The decreased phagocytic function of neutrophils (phagocytic index and avidity index) found in adjuvant arthritis was significantly increased by the administration of the drug SA. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, H2O2 and myeloperoxidase), lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase and cathepsin D) and increased accumulation of neutrophils in the joints observed in adjuvant arthritic animals were reverted back to near normal levels by treatment with SA. The results of this study indicate that SA can be considered to be a good therapeutic agent for inflammation and arthritis.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Curative effect of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut milk extract against adjuvant arthritis -- with special reference to bone metabolism.
- Author
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Ramprasath VR, Shanthi P, and Sachdanandam P
- Subjects
- Acid Phosphatase blood, Alkaline Phosphatase blood, Animals, Antirheumatic Agents pharmacology, Antirheumatic Agents therapeutic use, Arthritis, Experimental chemically induced, Arthritis, Experimental metabolism, Bone and Bones metabolism, Bone and Bones ultrastructure, Calcium blood, Disease Models, Animal, Hot Temperature, Immunohistochemistry, Phosphorus blood, Plants, Medicinal, Radiology, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Arthritis, Experimental drug therapy, Bone and Bones drug effects, Nuts chemistry, Semecarpus chemistry
- Abstract
Localised bone loss in the form of bone erosions and peri-articular osteopenia constitutes an important criteria for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. In the present study, the effect of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut milk extract (SA) on the metabolism of bone turn over has been studied by analyzing various markers of bone turnover and by histological and radiological analysis of the joints in adjuvant arthritis in rats. Arthritis was induced in rats by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant containing 10mg of heat killed mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1 ml paraffin oil (0.1 ml) into the left hind paw of the rat intradermally. After 14 days of induction, SA (150 mg/kg body weight/day) was administered orally by gastric intubations for 14 days. SA significantly reverted the alterations in the bone turnover observed in arthritic animals by modulating the levels of calcium, phosphorus and the activities of the enzymes names tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. The drug increased the bone weights that were found to be decreased during arthritis. Protective effect of SA was also observed by the decrease in the levels and expression of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) as well as the histopathological and radiological observations. From all these observations it can be concluded that SA possesses strong anti-arthritic property by regulating bone turnover.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of Semecarpus anacardium LINN. Nut milk extract in experimental inflammatory conditions.
- Author
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Ramprasath VR, Shanthi P, and Sachdanandam P
- Subjects
- Analgesics pharmacology, Analgesics, Non-Narcotic pharmacology, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal toxicity, Antibody Formation drug effects, Arthritis, Experimental drug therapy, Arthritis, Experimental pathology, Edema chemically induced, Edema pathology, Edema prevention & control, Immunity, Cellular drug effects, Immunoglobulins metabolism, Immunologic Factors toxicity, Inflammation immunology, Lymphoid Tissue drug effects, Male, Mice, Nuts chemistry, Organ Size drug effects, Pain Measurement drug effects, Peroxidase metabolism, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts toxicity, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Stomach Ulcer chemically induced, Stomach Ulcer pathology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal pharmacology, Immunologic Factors pharmacology, Inflammation drug therapy, Semecarpus chemistry
- Abstract
Immunomodulatory effects of Semecarpus anacardium LINN. nut milk extract (SA) were investigated in adjuvant induced arthritis by studying the alterations in humoral and cell mediated immune responses and also the anti-inflammatory effects by evaluating the changes in paw edema, tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase activities. Pharmacological studies were also conducted with SA and indomethacin on experimental animals for evaluating the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and ulcerogenic activities. The alterations in the humoral and cell mediated immunity were significantly reverted back to near normal levels on treatment with SA. The drug significantly reduced the elevation in the paw edema, TNF-alpha, nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase levels when compared with adjuvant induced arthritic animals, which shows the anti-inflammatory activity of the drug. SA showed strong anti-inflammatory effects in xylene-induced ear edema and formalin-induced inflammation. In analgesic test, the extract elicited a potential activity on both acetic acid-induced writhing response as well as hot plate test showing its central and peripheral mediated action. The drug also elicited antipyretic action in yeast-induced hyperemia in rats. In addition, the extract did not produce any ulceration on gastric mucosa during ulcerogenic test and did not produce any serious adverse effects. All these effects are nearly similar to the activities of indomethacin except the ulceration where indomethacin produced significant ulceration. From this study, the protective immunological and pharmacological role of SA is demonstrated.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut milk extract, an indigenous drug preparation, modulates reactive oxygen/nitrogen species levels and antioxidative system in adjuvant arthritic rats.
- Author
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Ramprasath VR, Shanthi P, and Sachdanandam P
- Subjects
- Animals, Arthritis, Experimental drug therapy, Arthritis, Rheumatoid drug therapy, Arthritis, Rheumatoid metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Free Radicals, Lipid Peroxidation, Male, Phytotherapy, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Antioxidants metabolism, Arthritis, Experimental metabolism, Nuts chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Reactive Nitrogen Species metabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Semecarpus chemistry
- Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are highly reactive transient chemical species, which play an important role in the etiology of tissue injury in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The effects of milk extract of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut (SA) was studied on adjuvant arthritis in rats. Arthritis was induced by injecting 0.1 ml of heat killed mycobacterium tuberculosis (10 mg/ml of paraffin oil) intradermally into the left hind paw. A significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxides (LPO), ROS (superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, H(2)O(2) and myeloperoxidase) and RNS (nitrate+nitrite) observed in adjuvant arthritic animals were found to be significantly decreased on administration of the drug at 150 mg/kg body weight/day. The antioxidant defense system studied in arthritic animals were altered significantly as evidenced by the decrease in antioxidants. Treatment with SA recouped the altered antioxidant defense components to near normal levels. These evidences suggest that the free radical mediated damage during arthritis could have been controlled by SA by its free radical quenching and antioxidative potential., ((Mol Cell Biochem 276: 97-104, 2005).)
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Evaluation of antioxidant effect of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut extract on the components of immune system in adjuvant arthritis.
- Author
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Ramprasath VR, Shanthi P, and Sachdanandam P
- Subjects
- Animals, Antioxidants isolation & purification, Antioxidants pharmacology, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical methods, Lipid Peroxidation drug effects, Lipid Peroxidation physiology, Male, Plant Extracts isolation & purification, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Antioxidants therapeutic use, Arthritis, Experimental drug therapy, Arthritis, Experimental immunology, Nuts, Semecarpus
- Abstract
The effect of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut extract (SA) on the level of Lipid peroxides (LPO) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the lymphocytes and lymphoid organs, namely spleen and thymus of adjuvant induced arthritic rats, were investigated. The results were compared with normal and untreated arthritic rats. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), namely Hydroxy radical, Superoxide radical, and H2O2 were also measured in spleen, thymus, and lymphocytes of control and experimental animals. Biochemical markers of inflammation namely C-reactive protein (CRP) level and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were determined. Anti-arthritic profile was evaluated from the changes in the paw edema and arthritic scores of arthritic and drug-treated rats. A significant increase in the level of LPO, ROS and decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes in arthritic rats were observed. On treatment with the drug, the above changes were reverted back to near normal levels. The increment in CRP level and ESR observed in arthritic animals were found to be significantly restored in SA treated rats. There were no significant changes in sole drug-administered normal rats. Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut extract significantly decreased the paw edema and arthritic score in arthritic rats on administration, whereas in untreated arthritic rats, there was a significant edema in the hind paw.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Anti-inflammatory effect of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. Nut extract in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.
- Author
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Ramprasath VR, Shanthi P, and Sachdanandam P
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal isolation & purification, Chronic Disease, Inflammation pathology, Male, Plant Extracts isolation & purification, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Inflammation drug therapy, Nuts, Semecarpus
- Abstract
The article relates to investigation of the anti-inflammatory effects of Semecarpus anacardium LINN. nut extract (SA), and also an anti-inflammatory drug, indomethacin, on carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma tests for their effects on acute and chronic phases of inflammation, respectively. The effect of SA on developing and developed adjuvant arthritis was also evaluated. SA significantly decreased the carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma. Indomethacin also decreased the acute and chronic phases of inflammation. SA decreased the adjuvant induced (arthritis) paw edema after the treatment, in both developing and developed adjuvant arthritis. These results indicate that the potent anti-inflammatory effect and therapeutic efficacy of Semecarpus anacardium LINN. nut extract against all phases of inflammation, is comparable to that of indomethacin.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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