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IL-15 is a proinflammatory myokine essential for activating NK cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and its overexpression has been related to reducing overall survivorship in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Physical exercise has been shown to be safe, feasible, and beneficial in hematological cancers. Exercise requires the activation of muscles that secrete cytokines, such as IL-15, causing immune mobilization. The objective was to compare the outcomes of two training routines on IL-15 and survival prognosis in adult patients diagnosed with ALL. A blind randomized clinical study was carried out where twenty-three peripheral blood samples were obtained pre and postexercise intervention from patients categorized into three types of intervention: the resistance exercise group (REG), the cross-training exercise group (CEG), and the control group (CG). Changes in IL-15 levels during the intervention were not significant in any of the groups (CG p = 0.237, REG p = 0.866, and CEG p = 0.678). However, 87.5% of patients who received an exercise intervention achieved remission, while only 21.73% experienced a relapse. There were no deaths during the study. Although IL-15 level adaptation in the REG and the CG performed similarly, the REG induced a better clinical outcome. Resistance exercises may help improve survival prognosis and reduce relapses in patients with ALL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays the goal of developing new drugs is to design highly specific molecules directed at a single and very particular target. Not long time ago (just half a century ago), the main task of the pharmaceutical industry was the isolation and purification of herbal extracts for subsequent synthesis and worldwide marketing. Understandably these drugs are not highly specific, but are highly effective. Examples of these are antimicrobials, aspirin, pravastatin, and metformin, the drug to review in this paper. In the case of metformin, for a long time the exact mechanism of action was unknown (and still some of them are unknown), but pacienthanks to the good metabolic control obtained, its use persisted and spread ultil position it as first-line anti-diabetic. It is thanks to its wide prescription that epidemiological observations identified the use of metformin as a protective factor against cancer. In the last decade, this hypothesis has been tested and verified in several in vitro and in vivo models, contributing to understand the mechanisms of action involved and even allowing to extend the spectrum of use to different clinical entities such as tuberculosis, periodontitis, liver cirrhosis and myocardial infarction. This work is expected to provide a quick and concise review of the state of the art of metformin, a noble drug, which undoubtedly will continue generating knowledge with clinical relevance. Metformin will be an indispensable weapon for modern physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Hyperkalemia is the most common ion disorder in patients with chronic kidney disease, the comparative assays between existing treatment strategies are scarce, especially in adults. Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of hiperK-cocktail in the management of hyperkalemia, compared to the standard strategy of insulin-dextrose. Material and method: A randomized clinical trial was done in two groups with relation 2:1 in favor of the innovative proposal; group A received insuline-dextrose; group B received hiperK-cocktail (1,000 mL of 10% dextrose + sodium bicarbonate [44.6 mEq] + 20 units of regular insulin). Adults with chronic kidney disease and serum potassium between 6.0-8.6 mEq/L were included, excluding cases who received renal function replacement therapy. Results: In total, 50 patients were included, with 45.9 years old as average age. The overall mean of potassium at enrollment was 6.7 mEq/L (6.01-8.2 range), similar between both groups. Both strategies decreased the serum potassium significantly (p=0.000) regarding the basal mean of the same group, but without statistical difference in the intergroup comparative at 30 minutes (6.18 vs 6.19), 60 minutes (6.30 vs 5.96) neither 4 hours (6.07 vs 5.64). The hiperK-cocktail group obtained a lower overall mean of potassium (5.97 vs 6.2, p=0.001), and higher number of complete remissions since the 60 minutes (63.3% vs 35%, p=0.046). Conclusions: Our results agree with other studies and indicate that hiperK-cocktail is as effective as standard therapy, obtaining greater number of complete remissions of hyperkalemia, especially after one hour of administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recently it has been reported a benefit effect with the use of metformin in patients with malignant disease. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of adding metformin to chemotherapy regimen over the percentage of early relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal and experimental study was performed in patients with de novo acute lymphoblastic leukemia enrolled in the Hospital General de México. They were divided in two groups: first group received chemotherapy + metformin (850 mg three times a day); second group only received standard chemotherapy. The sample was randomized 3:1 in favor of the second group. Results: 93 patients were included (73 treated with chemotherapy + metformin and 20 received standard chemotherapy), with 303 ± 53 days of follow-up. Complete remission was higher in the group without metformin (81.3 % [n = 61] versus 70 % [n = 14]), which also presented more patients with relapse (47.9 % versus 25 %). Overall survival at one year was of 68 % and free survival disease was 64%, without significant differences between groups. Absence of metformin was the only variable of adverse prognostic considered significant (p = 0.55). Cox regression showed that adding metfomin reduced 56 % the risk of relapse. Conclusions: The adding metformin to the treatment of leukemias showed that was useful in our research. However, randomized and double-blind studies must be designed in order to express final recommendations about its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Medica del IMSS is the property of Direccion de Prestaciones Medicas - IMSS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: lymphoma is the most frequent lymphoid neoplasm in our country. Its diagnosis is based on histopathological findings. The lymph node imprint has been used for more than 40 years. The aim was to establish the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of lymph node imprint and estimate the interobserver rate. Methods: it was done an observational, retrospective, protective study, based on the lymph node imprint obtained by excisional biopsy in a period of 6 years. Results: the inclusion criteria was met on 199 samples, 27.1 % were considered as reactive (n = 54), 16.1 % Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 32), 40.2 % (n = 80) non Hodgkin lymphoma and 16.6 % (n = 33) as metastatic carcinoma. Comparing with the final histopathology report, the sensitivity and specificity of lymph node imprint were 88 % (0.81-0.95) and 64 % (0.55-0.73) respectively, the positive predictive value was 67 % (0.59-0.76) and the negative predictive value was 86 % (0.79-0.94). The interobserver kappa index was 0.467. Conclusions: the lymph node imprint remains as a useful tool for the diagnosis of lymphoid neoplasm. The agreement between observers was acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Medica del IMSS is the property of Direccion de Prestaciones Medicas - IMSS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The letter to the editor discusses the impact of adding rituximab to the treatment of adults with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The study conducted in Mexico found that adding rituximab was associated with higher odds of achieving a 3-month complete molecular response and a potential benefit in mortality. The study also highlighted the importance of early deep responses in improving prognosis for patients with this type of leukemia. The findings suggest that adding rituximab to standard chemotherapy regimens may be beneficial in certain cases without increasing toxicity. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Obesity has been associated with a low-grade proinflammatory state, and it has been related to the development of cancer in general, including hematologic cancer., Aim: The present work aimed to identify the association of the diagnosis of obesity according to the body mass index (BMI) with prognostic factors of adult patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)., Patients and Method: This observational, retrospective study included hospitalized patients diagnosed with ALL of the B-cell lineages. BMI was estimated based on the weight and height registered on clinical records at the admission of the patients. The relapse risk and bone marrow relapse were determined, and the survival rate was measured. The statistical analysis included the Kaplan-Meier method using the log-Rank test., Results: This study included 128 clinical records of patients. Weight had no significant association with relapse risk. The frequency of bone marrow relapse was 43.8%. Obesity did not impact overall survival (p = 0.640) or disease-free survival (p = 0.527). The presence of obesity does not behave as a relapse risk variable (p = 0.873). BMI with a 30 kg/m2 cut-off point did not influence relapse risk (OR 1.078)., Conclusion: Obesity is not an independent risk factor for the prognosis of adult patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia B-lineage.

Background: Leukemia is a neoplasm with high incidence and mortality rates. Mitotic death has been observed in tumor cells treated with chemotherapeutic agents. Ras family proteins participate in the transduction of signals involved in different processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and paradoxically, initiation of cell death., Methods: This study investigated the effect of H-Ras expression on human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia MOLT-4 cells. Cells were electroporated with either wild-type (Ras wt ) or oncogenic mutant in codon 12 exon 1 (Ras mut ) versions of H-Ras gene and stained for morphological analysis. Cell viability was assessed using trypan blue staining and cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry. H-Ras gene expression was determined using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The t , ANOVA, and Scheffe tests were used for statistical analysis., Results: Human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia MOLT-4 cells showed nuclear fragmentation and presence of multiple nuclei and micronuclei after transfection with either wt or mutant H-Ras genes. Cell cycle analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in cells in the S phase when transfected with either wt (83.67%, P <0.0005) or mutated (81.79%, P <0.0001) H-Ras genes. Although similar effects for both versions of H-Ras were found, cells transfected with the mutated version died at 120 h of mitotic catastrophe., Conclusion: Transfection of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia MOLT-4 cells with either normal or mutated H-Ras genes induced alterations in morphology, arrest in the S phase, and death by mitotic catastrophe.

Introduction: In developing countries, there is commonly a lack of population-based cancer registries or underreporting, thus not recognizing the true dimensions of the problem., Aim: To describe the age and sex frequencies of the major subtypes of leukemias in two hospitals of reference in the metropolitan area of Mexico City., Material and Methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective study, based on medical records of two hematology services during January 2007 to October 2014; all cases diagnosed with leukemia were included., Results: A total of 1,432 cases were included with a median age of 38 years (range, two months to 115 years). There were significant age differences between subtypes of leukemia (ANOVA test, p = 0.000): chronic lymphocytic with a mean age of 64.8 years, higher than chronic myeloid (43.4 years) and all acute leukemias (lymphoblastic: 32.6 years, myeloblastic 43.5 years). Of the patients, 51.8% (n = 742) were women, although males predominated in chronic myeloid (57.8%) and lymphocytic (60%) leukemia. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the more common variety, FABL2 subtype, followed by myeloid leukemia M4, M2, and chronic myeloid., Conclusions: It is necessary to develop inter-institutional works in order to group data of different population sectors and improve the epidemiological profile of leukemia in Mexico.

Introduction: A lack of a population-based cancer registry or underreporting is common in developing countries, without knowledge of the true dimensions of the problem., Aim: To describe the age and sex frequencies of the major subtypes of leukemias in two reference hospitals in the metropolitan area of Mexico City., Material and Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study, based on medical records of two hematology services during January 2007 to October 2014; all cases diagnosed with leukemia were included., Results: A total of 1,432 cases were included, with a median age of 38 years old (2 months to 115 years). There were significant age differences between subtypes of leukemia (ANOVA test, p = 0.000); chronic lymphocytic with a mean age of 64.8 years, higher than chronic myeloid (43.4 years) and all acute leukemias (lymphoblastic: 32.6 years, myeloblastic 43.5 years). Of the patients, 51.8% (n = 742) were women, although males predominated in chronic myeloid (57.8%) and lymphocytic (60%) leukemia. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the more common variety, L2 subtype of the French-American-British classification, followed by myeloid leukemia M4, M2, and chronic myeloid., Conclusions: it is necessary to develop inter-institutional works in order to group data of different population sectors and improve the epidemiological profile of leukemias in Mexico.