1. Medulloblastoma exome sequencing uncovers subtype-specific somatic mutations.
- Author
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Pugh, Trevor J, Weeraratne, Shyamal Dilhan, Archer, Tenley C, Pomeranz Krummel, Daniel A, Auclair, Daniel, Bochicchio, James, Carneiro, Mauricio O, Carter, Scott L, Cibulskis, Kristian, Erlich, Rachel L, Greulich, Heidi, Lawrence, Michael S, Lennon, Niall J, McKenna, Aaron, Meldrim, James, Ramos, Alex H, Ross, Michael G, Russ, Carsten, Shefler, Erica, Sivachenko, Andrey, Sogoloff, Brian, Stojanov, Petar, Tamayo, Pablo, Mesirov, Jill P, Amani, Vladimir, Teider, Natalia, Sengupta, Soma, Francois, Jessica Pierre, Northcott, Paul A, Taylor, Michael D, Yu, Furong, Crabtree, Gerald R, Kautzman, Amanda G, Gabriel, Stacey B, Getz, Gad, Jäger, Natalie, Jones, David TW, Lichter, Peter, Pfister, Stefan M, Roberts, Thomas M, Meyerson, Matthew, Pomeroy, Scott L, and Cho, Yoon-Jae
- Subjects
Humans ,Medulloblastoma ,Cerebellar Neoplasms ,DNA Helicases ,Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase ,Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Receptors ,Cell Surface ,Neoplasm Proteins ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,Nuclear Proteins ,Transcription Factors ,Repressor Proteins ,Signal Transduction ,Protein Structure ,Tertiary ,Mutation ,Genome ,Human ,Models ,Molecular ,Child ,Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ,Wnt Proteins ,beta Catenin ,TCF Transcription Factors ,Hedgehog Proteins ,DEAD-box RNA Helicases ,Promoter Regions ,Genetic ,LIM Domain Proteins ,Exome ,Patched Receptors ,Patched-1 Receptor ,Histone Methyltransferases ,Brain Disorders ,Pediatric Cancer ,Cancer ,Human Genome ,Biotechnology ,Pediatric ,Brain Cancer ,Rare Diseases ,Genetics ,Neurosciences ,Genetic Testing ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
Medulloblastomas are the most common malignant brain tumours in children. Identifying and understanding the genetic events that drive these tumours is critical for the development of more effective diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. Recently, our group and others described distinct molecular subtypes of medulloblastoma on the basis of transcriptional and copy number profiles. Here we use whole-exome hybrid capture and deep sequencing to identify somatic mutations across the coding regions of 92 primary medulloblastoma/normal pairs. Overall, medulloblastomas have low mutation rates consistent with other paediatric tumours, with a median of 0.35 non-silent mutations per megabase. We identified twelve genes mutated at statistically significant frequencies, including previously known mutated genes in medulloblastoma such as CTNNB1, PTCH1, MLL2, SMARCA4 and TP53. Recurrent somatic mutations were newly identified in an RNA helicase gene, DDX3X, often concurrent with CTNNB1 mutations, and in the nuclear co-repressor (N-CoR) complex genes GPS2, BCOR and LDB1. We show that mutant DDX3X potentiates transactivation of a TCF promoter and enhances cell viability in combination with mutant, but not wild-type, β-catenin. Together, our study reveals the alteration of WNT, hedgehog, histone methyltransferase and now N-CoR pathways across medulloblastomas and within specific subtypes of this disease, and nominates the RNA helicase DDX3X as a component of pathogenic β-catenin signalling in medulloblastoma.
- Published
- 2012