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Se ha construido un instrumento de medición de Competencias profesionales del profesor en Formación con todas las exigencias de fiabilidad, validez y estandarización de los resultados. Es un instrumento inédito. El marco fundamental para la comprensión de las competencias, sobre el cual se elaboró el instrumento conceptualiza las competencias como: “Una combinación compleja de conocimientos, habilidades, valores, actitudes y deseos que conducen a una acción humana personificada efectiva en el mundo en un dominio particular” (Deakin, 2013, p. 311). El procedimiento de estudio de estándares y definición de reactivos y dimensiones consistió en la revisión documental de estándares nacionales e internacionales y estándares contenidos en documentos institucionales de la Universidad de Playa Ancha con el fin de establecer estándares pedagógicos. El número de ítems o reactivos finales del instrumento se redujo a 46 y se mantuvo el número de 21 dimensiones concentradas en cuatro factores que explican el 0,52 de la varianza. La fiabilidad del instrumento CPF es 0,965 El Factor 1 CPF, se asocia a “Enseñanza”: educación centrada en el aprendiz y las competencias nucleares. El Factor 2 CPF se asocia a “Desarrollo del Estudiante” entendido como el desarrollo personal, ético, académico, profesional y social del estudiante (DE). El Factor 3 CPF se asocia a “Competencias Sello”, que incluyen la autovaloración social, inclusión, acción crítica y proactiva, liderazgo. El Factor 4 CPF se asocia a “Gestión y Políticas Educativas” se refiere a las competencias de gestión, políticas educativas y estándares educacionales nacionales e internacionales. It was made an instrument to evaluate the professional skills of teachers in training, with all the requirements of reliability, validity and standardization. It is an unpublished instrument. The framework to understanding the skills on which the instrument was developed, conceptualized them as “a complex combination of knowledge, habilities, values, attitudes and desires that lead to effective personified human action in the world in a domain particularly”(Deakin, 2013, p. 311). The process of examining and defining standards and dimensions consisted of documentary review of national and international standards and standards contained in corporate documents of the University of Playa Ancha in order to establish teaching standards. The number of final items of the instrument was reduced to 46 and 21 dimensions concentrated on four factors that explain the variance 0.52. CPF instrument reliability is 0.965. Factor 1 CPF is associated with “education”: education focused on learner and core competencies. Factor 2 CPF is associated with “Student Development” treated as the personal, ethical, academic, professional and social development of the student (DE). Factor 3 CPF is associated with “Competences Seal”, which include social self-assessment, inclusion, critic and proactive action, leadership. Factor 4 CPF is associated with “Management and Education Policy”, it means competences of management, educational policies and national and international educational standards.

International audience; Fumonisin B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) are mycotoxins produced by F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum that commonly contaminate corn. The objectives of this study were, in one hand, to study the occurrence of fumonisins in Catalonia (north-eastern region of Spain), and, in the other hand, to assess the exposure of Catalonian population to these mycotoxins. Contamination data was provided by a wide survey, where 928 individual samples were pooled to analyze 370 composite samples. Fumonisins were extracted and purified using immunoaffinity columns, and determined by means of HPLC with fluorescence detector. The raw consumption data came from a nutritional study specifically designed to assess the dietary intake of the main foodstuffs related to fumonisins contamination for all population age groups. In addition, two special groups were selected to be specially related with maize consumption: immigrants and celiac sufferers. Contamination and consumption data were combined by simulation using an essentially parametric (P-P) method. The P-P method draws sampling values from distribution functions fitted to consumption and contamination datasets. Moreover, to quantify the accuracy and reliability of the statistics estimates, we built the related confidence intervals using a Pseudo-Parametric bootstrap method. Considering the results from this study, fumonisins can be commonly found in some commodities from Catalonian market, such as beer, corn snacks or ethnic foods, however, in any case these values exceed the maximum EU levels. The most exposed group should be expected to be infants followed by immigrants, but in all cases, they were far from the TDI of 2 g/ kg bw/day.

Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), which is caused by mutations in polycystins 1 (PC1) and 2 (PC2), is one of the most commonly inherited renal diseases, affecting ∼1 : 1000 Caucasians. Materials and methods: We screened Greek ADPKD patients with the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) assay and direct sequencing. Results: We identified a patient homozygous for a nucleotide change c.1445T > G, resulting in a novel homozygous substitution of the non-polar hydrophobic phenylalanine to the polar hydrophilic cysteine in exon 6 at codon 482 (p.F482C) of the PKD2 gene and a de-novo PKD1 splice-site variant IVS21-2delAG. We did not find this PKD2 variant in a screen of 280 chromosomes of healthy subjects, supporting its pathogenicity. The proband's parents did not have the PKD1 mutation. Real-time PCR of the PKD2 transcript from a skin biopsy revealed 20-fold higher expression in the patient than in a healthy subject and was higher in the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) than in those of her heterozygote daughter and a healthy subject. The greater gene expression was also supported by Western blotting. Inner medullar collecting duct (IMCD) cells transfected with the mutant PKD2 mouse gene presented a perinuclear and diffuse cytoplasmic localization compared with the wild type ER localization. Patch-clamping of PBMCs from the p.F482C homozygous and heterozygous subjects revealed lower polycystin-2 channel function than in controls. Conclusions: We report for the first time a patient with ADPKD who is heterozygous for a de novo PKD1 variant and homozygous for a novel PKD2 mutation. © 2008 The Authors.